Human Identification through DNA Analysis

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Human Identification

scholarly journals Identifying missing people: the contribution of forensic dentistry and DNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
Luciene Menrique CORRADI ◽  
Denise Vieira TRAVASSOS ◽  
Sylvia Cury COSTE ◽  
Rosa Núbia Vieira de MOURA ◽  
Efigênia Ferreira e FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Forensic Dentistry ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Examination

Abstract Introduction Human identification is considered one of the major steps concerning missing people. The Forensic Anthropology Sector of Legal Medical Institutes identifies corpses. Forensic dentistry and DNA tests stand out among the existing standard tests. Objective This article aimed to evaluate human identification effectiveness through forensic dental examination performed in the forensic anthropology sector in a Forensic Medical Institute, comparing them with DNA analyses. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data available in the department´s database, from 2008 to 2014, concerning identification procedures using forensic dentistry and DNA techniques. Result The analysis of the examinations eligible to this study (241) showed that DNA analysis was the method used for identification in 79.3% of the cases and forensic dental examinations were used in 20.7% of the cases. As for the type of biological material used during these examinations, unidentified corpses corresponded to 131 cases (53.9%), skeleton structures corresponded to 109 cases (44.9%) and there were 3 cases of body segments (1.2%). When analyzing the time spent to complete the tests, dental examinations were faster than DNA tests. The time spent for forensic dental examination does not depend on the type of dental documentation evaluated. Conclusion The analysis of the results in this study showed that human identification through forensic dentistry is effective, rapid and less costly, contributing to greater agility in solving issues related to locating missing people.

Fenomen identyfikacji genetycznej

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4 (2)) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Jarosław Moszczyński
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
High Level

DNA identification, which counts a few decades only, has revolutionized forensic science. Over a short period of time, genetic identification has become the most effective method of human identification, even when a tiny amount of biological material is available. Its dynamic development has allowed shifting efforts from group to individual identification. DNA analysis is broadly used for identification of criminal offenders, and due to computer-based DNA data bases – also allows detection of offenders internationally. The technique is fundamental in identification of disaster victims and also historically – in identification of bone remains. Furthermore, it is very useful in verification of wrongful convictions. In civil litigation, DNA analysis is irreplaceable in cases involving paternity testing. Genetic identification has quite solid scientific foundations and therefore, it has dethroned fingerprint identification, being earlier recognized as the “golden” standard of human identification. What is more, DNA analysis triggered the wave of criticism towards the majority of forensic methods of identification, which are considered to be characteristic by a high level of subjectivity, and which started the process of scientific development of these methods.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the SureID 23comp Human Identification Kit for kinship testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain M. Alsafiah ◽  
Ali A. Aljanabi ◽  
Sibte Hadi ◽  
Saleh S. Alturayeif ◽  
William Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
European Network ◽  
Autosomal Strs ◽  
Kinship Testing ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Gene Technologies ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Minimum Criteria ◽  
Short Tandem

AbstractShort tandem repeat (STR) profiling has been routinely used in kinship testing since the introduction of commercial kits in the mid-1990s. While 15 to 23 STR loci normally give definitive results in simple kinship testing, additional loci are sometimes required to resolve complex cases. The SureID 23comp Human Identification Kit, recently released by Health Gene Technologies (China), multiplexes amelogenin and 22 autosomal STRs, 17 of which are non-CODIS STRs. This enables the profiling of 38–40 loci when used in conjunction with widely used commercial kits. In this study, the kit was evaluated for kinship applications as a supplementary STR kit following the minimum criteria for validation recommended by the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) and the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) using 500 samples. Performance was comparable with other commercial kits demonstrating: repeatability and reproducibility; precision (maximum s.d. 0.1048 nt); accuracy, all alleles were within ±0.41 nt compared to the actual sizes; heterozygous peak balances at all loci >68%; stutter ratios ranged from 3.8% to 16.15%; full profiles were generated with 125 pg DNA (95.12% of alleles at 62 pg),; and we found 100% concordance over 5 common STRs with the GlobalFiler kit.

scholarly journals Fast Track DNA Analysis Suite for human identification

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T Docker ◽  
Joanna Baker ◽  
Steve Haswell
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Proof Of Principle

This paper details the development of a portable ‘Lab on chip’ DNA analyser that was developed to facilitate rapid analysis of DNA samples for ‘at scene of crime’ and in custody suite situations where human identification is required rapidly. This system was proven to work with human DNA for 3 loci, namely VWA, D21 and D18 taken from raw sample through PCR separation to detection within 90miniutes. Once the sample was loaded onto the microfluidic chip which in turn was loaded into the instrument no further human interaction took place. This paper details the approach to the biochemistry, hardware before going on to give results proving the proof of principle and then the authors’ conclusions.

scholarly journals Fast Track DNA Analysis Suite for human identification

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T Docker ◽  
Joanna Baker ◽  
Steve Haswell
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Proof Of Principle

This paper details the development of a portable ‘Lab on chip’ DNA analyser that was developed to facilitate rapid analysis of DNA samples for ‘at scene of crime’ and in custody suite situations where human identification is required rapidly. This system was proven to work with human DNA for 3 loci, namely VWA, D21 and D18 taken from raw sample through PCR separation to detection within 90miniutes. Once the sample was loaded onto the microfluidic chip which in turn was loaded into the instrument no further human interaction took place. This paper details the approach to the biochemistry, hardware before going on to give results proving the proof of principle and then the authors’ conclusions.

Human Identification by Oral Prosthesis Analysis with Probability Rates Higher than DNA Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana D. M. Modesti ◽  
Giovanni M. Vieira ◽  
Malthus F. Galvão ◽  
Rivadávio F. B. de Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Human Identification

scholarly journals Genetic DNA Identification from Bone Remains in Kinship Analysis Using Automate Extraction System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Dumache ◽  
Talida Cut ◽  
Camelia Muresan ◽  
Veronica Ciocan ◽  
Emanuela Stan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Buccal Swabs ◽  
Bone Powder ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Bone Remains

The first ever human identification through DNA analysis was done in the year 1987. Since then, this test has been used, not only in the ruling of civil and juridical cases, but also for human identification of missing persons and mass disaster victims. In this chapter we will present the usefulness of genetic DNA testing of skeletonized remains for human identification, by using automate DNA extraction from three different human bone types: tooth, femur and petrous pyramid. For each case, we obtained saliva samples on buccal swabs from relatives. After the bones were washed and cleaned, Bead Balls Mill Mix 20 (Tehtnica Domel, Slovenia), was used to obtain the bone powder. The DNA extraction from bone samples was performed on the automate Maxwell RSC 48 Instrument (Promega, USA), using the Maxwell FSC DNA IQ Casework Kit (Promega, USA). Power Quant System (Promega, USA) was used for DNA quantification of the samples. The DNA samples were amplified on a Pro Flex PCR System (Thermo Fischer, USA), using the Global Filer PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems, USA). PCR products were run on a 3500 Genetic Analyzer (Thermo Fischer, USA). Data analysis was performed by Gene Mapper 1.4. Considering that these cases involved DNA extraction from teeth, bones and old human remains, automate system was felt to be the best option to reduce handling errors and increase the possibilities of obtaining good quality DNA.

Human identification through DNA analysis of restored postmortem teeth

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 102302
Author(s):  
Heitor Simoes Dutra Correa ◽  
Venusia Cortellini ◽  
Gloria Brescia ◽  
Andrea Verzeletti
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Human Identification
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