Proteolytic Enzymes and Control in Surimi

2013 ◽  
pp. 155-182
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
And Control

Bovine torovirus (Breda virus) revisited

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando E. Hoet ◽  
Linda J. Saif
Keyword(s):  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
And Control

AbstractBovine torovirus (BoTV) is a pleomorphic virus with a spike-bearing envelope and a linear, non-segmented, positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. This kidney-shaped virus is associated with diarrhea in calves and apparently has a worldwide distribution. This review provides details of the history and taxonomy of BoTV since its discovery in 1979. Information about virion morphology and architecture, antigenic and biological properties, viral genome, protein composition, thermal and chemical stability, and pH and proteolytic enzymes resistance is also summarized. A major focus of this review is to postulate a possible epidemiological cycle for BoTV, based on epidemiological data obtained in our studies and other published data, and progressing from the newborn calf to the adult animal. The distribution, host range, pathogenesis, disease and clinical signs (under experimental and natural exposure), pathology, diagnosis, prevention, treatment and control of BoTV infections are also described. In addition, a discussion of the zoonotic implications of torovirus-like particles detected in patients with gastroenteritis that resemble and cross-react with BoTV is presented. Hopefully, the findings described here will alert others to the existence of BoTV in cattle and its contribution to the diarrheal disease complex. This review also highlights the need for continual vigilance for potential zoonotic viruses belonging to the orderNidovirales, such as the SARS coronavirus.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Topikal ASI terhadap Pelepasan Tali Pusat di BPM Anatapura dan BPM Setia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Dwi Yani Ratna Dewi ◽  
Muliani ◽  
Henrietta Imelda Tondong
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cord Care ◽  
Umbilical Cord Care ◽  
Study Population ◽  
And Control ◽  
Static Group

The background of cord care is to keep the umbilical cord clean, dry and help protect newborns from possible infections. The umbilical cord fades faster and reduces the risk of infection. The content of breast milk, namely leukocyte cells, proteolytic enzymes, and immunological substances that can help accelerate the release of the umbilical cord. The study aimed to determine the effect of topical breastfeeding on the length of umbilical cord release in newborns at BPM Anatapura and Setia Palu BPM. The method used was pre-experiment with Static Group Comparison. The study population was all newborns aged 0 days until the cord was released, born at BPM Anatapura and BPM Setia Palu. The sample was divided into 2 groups (intervention and control), the number of samples was 15 for each group, so that a total of 30 samples were taken by consecutive sampling technique. Data analysis used was univariate and bivariate with Independent t-test. The results showed that the mean cord release in the topical breastfeeding group (102.7+ 22.08 hours) was smaller than the open dry treatment group (145, 36+ 37.63 hours) in the 95% CI with ρ-value of 0.001. The topical ASI group had a chance of 1.42 times (42.66 hours) experiencing umbilical cord release more quickly than the open dry treatment group. The conclusion of the study was the effect of topical breastfeeding on the length of umbilical cord release. The results of the study can be used as reference references in providing health services, especially simple umbilical cord care using topical breast milk.

Protease effects on adenylate cyclase in potassium-depleted rabbit kidney

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (5) ◽  
pp. F1033-F1039
Author(s):  
K. H. Raymond ◽  
S. D. Holland ◽  
T. K. Hymer ◽  
T. D. McKinney ◽  
M. S. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cyclase Activity ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase Activity ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Potassium Depletion ◽  
Collecting Tubules ◽  
And Control

Potassium depletion in rabbits induces a renal concentrating defect in vivo and decreased hydrosmotic response to arginine vasopressin (AVP) in isolated cortical collecting tubules (CCT) perfused in vitro. The molecular basis of the AVP resistance in potassium depletion was investigated by comparing AVP-responsive adenylate cyclase activities in CCT from potassium-depleted and control rabbits. Vasopressin-responsive enzyme activity was impaired in CCT dissected from kidneys of potassium-depleted rabbits but not when kidneys were treated with collagenase to improve microdissection conditions. Potassium depletion also depressed parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in proximal straight tubules (PST) dissected from untreated but not collagenase-treated kidneys. Commercially available collagenase, which also contains other proteolytic enzymes, increased AVP-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in control CCT, and trypsin treatment of CCT dissected without collagenase abolished the decrease in AVP-sensitive activity induced by potassium depletion. Inclusion of trypsin inhibitor during collagenase treatment of kidneys lowered AVP response in CCT from potassium-depleted rabbits. These results demonstrate that potassium depletion impairs hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase of CCT (and PST) by a protease-sensitive mechanism.

scholarly journals Acute lethal graft-versus-host reaction induced by major histocompatibility complex class II-reactive T helper cell clones.

1990 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 1485-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
P V Lehmann ◽  
G Schumm ◽  
D Moon ◽  
U Hurtenbach ◽  
F Falcioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Graft Versus Host Reaction ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation Assay ◽  
Class Ii Mhc ◽  
Graft Vs Host Disease ◽  
Incorporation Assay ◽  
And Control

T cell clones isolated from class II MHC-disparate MLR combinations, and specific for I-Ak and I-Ek molecules, respectively, are shown to induce acute lethal graft-vs-host disease in unirradiated recipients. Cytolytic and noncytolytic clones are equally efficient in this respect. The lethal disease is dependent on recognition of the stimulatory class II molecules in the host. The clones home to lungs and liver, and become activated in these organs as demonstrated by an in vivo thymidine incorporation assay. After activation, a severe vascular leak syndrome develops causing death of the recipients within 5 d after the injection of 5 x 10(6) to 10(7) cloned cells. The disease develops without the participation of secondary host-derived inflammatory mechanisms, such as mast cell degranulation, complement activation, and the release of prostaglandins, oxygen radicals, or proteolytic enzymes. The results raise the possibility that Th cells can directly influence vascular permeability, and control, thereby, the acute inflammatory reaction of blood vessels.

scholarly journals Effect of Proteolytic Enzymes (Bromelain and Papain) on Sensory and Chemical Quality of Sukuti (an Indigenous Dried Meat Product of Nepal)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Kabindra Bhattarai ◽  
Suman Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Untreated Sample ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
And Control

The present work was undertaken to compare the effect of bromelain and papain on the sensory quality of sukuti (Nepalese indigenous dried buffalo meat). Buffalo lean meat (round cut) was purchased from the local market of Dharan and used for the preparation of sukuti after injection of 10% m/m enzyme (bromelain and papain) solution at the concentration (0-100 mg/L) and resting for 4h followed by drying at 65°C up to the moisture of 5%. The optimized concentration of each enzyme was selected by sensory evaluation based on color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. The proximate composition, collagen content, and collagen solubility were studied for two optimized samples with enzyme treatment and control. The best tenderizing effect of papain and bromelain enzyme was found at 40 mg/L and 10 mg/L respectively from the sensory analysis and the sensory attributes for these concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) higher than other samples. The soluble collagen content increased from 0.44 mg/g tissue in untreated meat to 0.52 for bromelain treated and to 0.98 mg/g for papain treated samples. The collagen solubility for the untreated sample was 4.74% which increases to 7.80% for bromelain and 13.82% for papain-treated samples. The protein content of optimized papain and bromelain treated samples was significantly decreased (p<0.05) from 82.44 to 80.25% and 81.43% respectively for papain and bromelain treated samples. There were no significant changes in fat, ash, and moisture on enzyme treatment.

scholarly journals Influence Of Breastfeeding Giving Topical To Old Release Of Umbilical Cord At Midwife Independent Practice Anatapura And Setia In Palu

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Dwi Yani Ratna Dewi ◽  
Muliani Muliani ◽  
Henrietta Imelda Tondong
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Independent Practice ◽  
Cord Care ◽  
Umbilical Cord Care ◽  
Study Population ◽  
And Control ◽  
Static Group

The background of cord care is to keep the umbilical cord clean, dry and help protect newborns from possible infections. The umbilical cord fades faster and reduces the risk of infection. The content of breast milk, namely leukocyte cells, proteolytic enzymes, and immunological substances that can help accelerate the release of the umbilical cord. The study aimed to determine the effect of topical breastfeeding on the length of umbilical cord release in newborns at BPM Anatapura and Setia Palu BPM. The method used was pre-experiment with Static Group Comparison. The study population was all newborns aged 0 days until the cord was released, born at BPM Anatapura and BPM Setia Palu. The sample was divided into 2 groups (intervention and control), the number of samples was 15 for each group, so that a total of 30 samples were taken by consecutive sampling technique. Data analysis used was univariate and bivariate with Independent t-test. The results showed that the mean cord release in the topical breastfeeding group (102.7+ 22.08 hours) was smaller than the open dry treatment group (145, 36+ 37.63 hours) in the 95% CI with ρ-value of 0.001. The topical ASI group had a chance of 1.42 times (42.66 hours) experiencing umbilical cord release more quickly than the open dry treatment group. The conclusion of the study was the effect of topical breastfeeding on the length of umbilical cord release. The results of the study can be used as reference references in providing health services, especially simple umbilical cord care using topical breast milk.Keywords: Topical Breastfeeding, old release of the umbilical cord

Protein mobilization from cotyledons of de-shooted pea seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Malek
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Protein Mobilization ◽  
And Control

The role and regulation of proteolytic enzymes in protein mobilization from seed storage tissues is not fully understood. Surgical removal of the shoots of 5-day-old pea seedlings was found to double the longevity of the cotyledons remaining attached to the roots. Despite the healthy appearance of these cotyledons (green, turgid), their protein content decreased rapidly. After 14 days of seedling growth, the protein level decreased, but remained about 3 to 4 times greater than the amount present in normally senescing cotyledons of untreated seedlings. Specific differences in the cotyledonary albumin and globulin complement of 14-day-old de-shooted and control seedlings were revealed by electrophoresis. Proteolytic (casein degrading) activity was present in dry and senescing cotyledons. The need to purify this enzyme prior to a further characterization of its role in the senescence of cotyledons was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Change in Proteolytic Profile in Heifers After Oligofructose Overload

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaichen Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Zheng ◽  
Mengyuan Ding ◽  
Ze Tao ◽  
Jiantao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinase ◽  
Blood Neutrophils ◽  
And Control

Laminitis in cattle is an important underlying cause of lameness, which leads to a significant reduction in economic and animal welfare. Nevertheless, the disordered pathological processes of laminitis remain unclear. Several proteinases are probably involved in the disorder of basement membrane (BM) metabolism in laminitis, for instance, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), neutrophil elastase (NE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). This study aimed to investigate the change in proteolytic profile in circulating and lamellar tissues using an oligofructose (OF) overload-induced laminitis model in heifers. Twelve clinically healthy and nonlame Chinese Holstein heifers were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: OF-induced and control (CON). The OF-induced heifers group (n = 6) was administered 17 g/kg of body weight (BW) of OF dissolved in 2 L/100 kg of BW of tap water via the oral-rumen tube. The CON group (n = 6) was given an equal volume of tap water. The plasma samples were collected 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after administration, and the lamellar samples were collected 72 h after euthanasia. The plasma samples were analyzed by zymography and reverse zymography. Histological examination, zymography, reverse zymography, and Western blot of lamellar samples were conducted. In the plasma of the OF-induced group, the pro-MMP9 activity increased from 36 h (P &lt; 0.001) to 60 h (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the plasma tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) activity decreased after 18 h (P &lt; 0.05), while the ratio of pro-MMP9 to TIMP1 and TIMP2 increased after 18 h (P &lt; 0.001) and 48 h (P &lt; 0.05), respectively. The act-MMP2, pro-MMP9, and act-MMP9 activities increased in the lamellar tissue of the OF-induced group compared with the CON group (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the expression of lamellar NE protein was higher in the OF-induced group (P &lt; 0.01), while no change was found in lamellar MPO protein compared with the CON group. In conclusion, increased pro-MMP9 combined with decreased TIMP1 activity in the circulation might have caused the activation of blood neutrophils, while the activation of proteolytic enzymes in lamellar tissue probably led to the dysfunction of BM in the OF-induced group.

Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. R. Dils ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

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