Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease

2014 ◽  
pp. 409-436
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles

The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-638
Author(s):  
Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei ◽  
Fateme Karimi Dermani ◽  
Sara Malih ◽  
Nashmin Fayazi ◽  
Mohsen Sheykhhasan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cellular Source

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including disorders of cardiac muscle and vascular, is the major cause of death globally. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to intervene in the disease's pathogenesis and treatment. Stem cell-based therapies, as a regeneration strategy, cast a new hope for CVD treatment. One of the most well-known stem cells is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), classified as one of the adult stem cells and can be obtained from different tissues. These cells have superior properties, such as proliferation and highly specialized differentiation. On the other hand, they have the potential to modulate the immune system and anti-inflammatory activity. One of their most important features is the secreting the extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes (EXOs) as an intercellular communication system mediating the different physiological and pathophysiological affairs. Methods: In this review study, the importance of MSC and its secretory exosomes for the treatment of heart disease has been together and specifically addressed and the use of these promising natural and accessible agents is predicted to replace the current treatment modalities even faster than we imagine. Results: MSC derived EXOs by providing a pro-regenerative condition allowing innate stem cells to repair damaged tissues successfully. As a result, MSCs are considered as the appropriate cellular source in regenerative medicine. In the plethora of experiments, MSCs and MSC-EXOs have been used for the treatment and regeneration of heart diseases and myocardial lesions. Conclusions: Administration of MSCs has been provided a replacement therapeutic option for heart regeneration, obtaining great attention among the basic researcher and the medical doctors.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles as a novel diagnostic and research tool for patients with HTN and kidney disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (3) ◽  
pp. F641-F647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta Erdbrügger ◽  
Thu H. Le
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
The United States ◽  
End Organ Damage ◽  
Pressure Threshold ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Blood Pressure Threshold

Hypertension (HTN) affects one in three adults in the United States and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and kidney failure. There is emerging evidence that more intense blood pressure lowering reduces mortality in patients with kidney disease who are at risk of cardiovascular disease and progression to end-stage renal disease. However, the ideal blood pressure threshold for patients with kidney disease remains a question of debate. Novel tools to more precisely diagnose HTN, tailor treatment, and predict the risk of end-organ damage such as kidney disease are needed. Analysis of circulating and urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their cargo (protein and RNA) has the potential to identify novel noninvasive biomarkers that can also reflect a specific pathological mechanism of different HTN phenotypes. We will discuss the use of extracellular vesicles as markers of HTN severity and explain their profile change with antihypertensive medicine and potential to detect early end-organ damage. However, more studies with enhanced rigor in this field are needed to define the blood pressure threshold to prevent or delay kidney disease progression and decrease cardiovascular risk.

Proteomic Analysis of Blood Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease by LC-MS/MS Analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Baldan-Martin ◽  
Fernando de la Cuesta ◽  
Gloria Alvarez-Llamas ◽  
Gema Ruiz-Hurtado ◽  
Luis M. Ruilope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Ms Analysis

Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Senescent Cells: Pathophysiological Role in the Cardiovascular Disease Associated with all Types of Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Carracedo ◽  
Matilde Alique ◽  
Rafael Ramírez-Carracedo ◽  
Guillermo Bodega ◽  
Rafael Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Damage Cell ◽  
Pathophysiological Role

Endothelial senescence-associated with aging or induced prematurely in pathological situations, such as diabetes, is a first step in the development of Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs) and particularly inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. The main mechanism that links endothelial senescence and the progression of CVDs is the production of altered Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) by senescent endothelial cells among them, Microvesicles (MVs). MVs are recognized as intercellular signaling elements that play a key role in regulating tissue homeostasis. However, MVs produced by damage cell conveyed epigenetic signals, mainly involving microRNAs, which induce many of the injured responses in other vascular cells leading to the development of CVDs. Many studies strongly support that the quantification and characterization of the MVs released by senescent endothelial cells may be useful diagnostic tools in patients with CVDs, as well as a future therapeutic target for these diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge linking senescence-associated MVs to the development of CVDs and discuss the roles of these MVs, in particular, in diabetic-associated increases the risk of CVDs.

scholarly journals The Potential Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Cigarette Smoke-Associated Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Reum Ryu ◽  
Do Hyun Kim ◽  
Eunjoo Kim ◽  
Mi Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers

Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,500 chemicals; most of which are highly reactive free radicals, which induce proinflammatory and carcinogenic reactions. Numerous efforts have focused extensively on the role of cigarette smoking as a cause of many diseases. Extracellular vesicles and exosomes have recently received increasing interest for their diagnostic and therapeutic roles in many diseases. However, research done on the role of extracellular vesicles and exosomes on cigarette smoke-induced chronic disease is still in its infancy. In this review, we summarize the recently addressed roles of extracellular vesicles and exosomes in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-related diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and oral cancer. Moreover, their potential utilization and future prospects as diagnostic biomarkers for cigarette smoke-related diseases are described.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles in atherothrombosis and cardiovascular disease: Friends and foes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriol Giró ◽  
Amanda Jiménez ◽  
Adriana Pané ◽  
Lina Badimon ◽  
Emilio Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles

Application of Extracellular Vesicles Proteomics to Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines, Data Analysis, and Future Perspectives

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1800247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria N. Barrachina ◽  
Beatriz Calderón-Cruz ◽  
Lucía Fernandez-Rocca ◽  
Ángel García
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Future Perspectives

scholarly journals High-density lipoprotein’s vascular protective functions in metabolic and cardiovascular disease – could extracellular vesicles be at play?

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (22) ◽  
pp. 2977-2986
Author(s):  
Jack D. Beazer ◽  
Patamat Patanapirunhakit ◽  
Jason M.R. Gill ◽  
Delyth Graham ◽  
Helen Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
High Density ◽  
Vascular Protection ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
And Function

Abstract High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a circulating complex of lipids and proteins known primarily for its role in reverse cholesterol transport and consequent protection from atheroma. In spite of this, therapies aimed at increasing HDL concentration do not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and as such focus has shifted towards other HDL functions protective of vascular health – including vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-thrombotic actions. It has been demonstrated that in disease states such as CVD and conditions of insulin resistance such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), HDL function is impaired owing to changes in the abundance and function of HDL-associated lipids and proteins, resulting in reduced vascular protection. However, the gold standard density ultracentrifugation technique used in the isolation of HDL also co-isolates extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are ubiquitous cell-derived particles with lipid bilayers that carry a number of lipids, proteins and DNA/RNA/miRNAs involved in cell-to-cell communication. EVs transfer their bioactive load through interaction with cell surface receptors, membrane fusion and endocytic pathways, and have been implicated in both cardiovascular and metabolic diseases – both as protective and pathogenic mediators. Given that studies using density ultracentrifugation to isolate HDL also co-isolate EVs, biological effects attributed to HDL may be confounded by EVs. We hypothesise that some of HDL’s vascular protective functions in cardiovascular and metabolic disease may be mediated by EVs. Elucidating the contribution of EVs to HDL functions will provide better understanding of vascular protection and function in conditions of insulin resistance and potentially provide novel therapeutic targets for such diseases.

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