scholarly journals The Potential Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Cigarette Smoke-Associated Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Reum Ryu ◽  
Do Hyun Kim ◽  
Eunjoo Kim ◽  
Mi Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers

Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,500 chemicals; most of which are highly reactive free radicals, which induce proinflammatory and carcinogenic reactions. Numerous efforts have focused extensively on the role of cigarette smoking as a cause of many diseases. Extracellular vesicles and exosomes have recently received increasing interest for their diagnostic and therapeutic roles in many diseases. However, research done on the role of extracellular vesicles and exosomes on cigarette smoke-induced chronic disease is still in its infancy. In this review, we summarize the recently addressed roles of extracellular vesicles and exosomes in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-related diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and oral cancer. Moreover, their potential utilization and future prospects as diagnostic biomarkers for cigarette smoke-related diseases are described.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Paving the Way to Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2889
Author(s):  
Klára Szalontai ◽  
Nikolett Gémes ◽  
József Furák ◽  
Tünde Varga ◽  
Patrícia Á. Neuperger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Disease Epidemiology

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the frequently fatal pathology of the respiratory tract, accounts for half a billion cases globally. COPD manifests via chronic inflammatory response to irritants, frequently to tobacco smoke. The progression of COPD from early onset to advanced disease leads to the loss of the alveolar wall, pulmonary hypertension, and fibrosis of the respiratory epithelium. Here, we focus on the epidemiology, progression, and biomarkers of COPD with a particular connection to lung cancer. Dissecting the cellular and molecular players in the progression of the disease, we aim to shed light on the role of smoking, which is responsible for the disease, or at least for the more severe symptoms and worse patient outcomes. We summarize the inflammatory conditions, as well as the role of EMT and fibroblasts in establishing a cancer-prone microenvironment, i.e., the soil for ‘COPD-derived’ lung cancer. We highlight that the major health problem of COPD can be alleviated via smoking cessation, early diagnosis, and abandonment of the usage of biomass fuels on a global basis.

Smoking cessation

2020 ◽  
pp. 6533-6535
Author(s):  
Paul Aveyard
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Stop Smoking

Smoking is harmful to health. The main harms are cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most people who smoke start in their teens, and some become addicted. Stopping smoking may be prompted by public policy or price rises, and while physicians have a role in lobbying for these, the main opportunity a physician has to help their patients stop smoking is during the medical consultation. Advising the patient to stop has some effect, but is more likely to be effective when combined with practical help, the best form of which is regular face-to-face meetings to support the patient combined with drugs that reduce craving. Helping a patient to stop smoking greatly reduces their risk of illness and early death.

scholarly journals Smoking and interstitial lung diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (137) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Margaritopoulos ◽  
Eirini Vasarmidi ◽  
Joseph Jacob ◽  
Athol U. Wells ◽  
Katerina M. Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

For many years has been well known that smoking could cause lung damage. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer have been the two most common smoking-related lung diseases. In the recent years, attention has also focused on the role of smoking in the development of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Indeed, there are three diseases, namely respiratory bronchiolitis-associated ILD, desquamative interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, that are currently considered aetiologically linked to smoking and a few others which are more likely to develop in smokers. Here, we aim to focus on the most recent findings regarding the role of smoking in the pathogenesis and clinical behaviour of ILDs.

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