The influence of natural organic matter particle size on the haloacetic acids formation potential

2013 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
A Włodyka-Bergier ◽  
M Łągiewka ◽  
T Bergier
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Formation Potential

scholarly journals The roles of bromide and precursor structures on DBP formation and species distribution

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Wang ◽  
P.L. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential

This study investigates the role of bromide and the structure of precursors in DBPs formation. Resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxylbenzene) and 2,4-pentadiol were used to represent the aromatic and aliphatic precursors. Laboratory prepared hydrophilic organic acids was used to simulate the mixtures of the aqueous natural organic matter. The results showed that about 60% of the bromide was transformed into HOBr and OBr− by chlorine when the chlorine dosages was high (5–20 mg/L of free chlorine). However, only 20% of bromide was transformed into HOBr and OBr− at low chlorine dosage (1 mg/L). Trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) measurements showed that higher THMs formation was obtained at higher pH for 2,4-pentadiol, mainly due to the presence of the bromo-THMs. For resorcinol, however, no bromo-THMs are formed at either pH 7 or 9. For THMFP from hydrophilic organic acids, no apparent pH effect was observed. It is concluded that the higher THM formation at higher pH was mainly due to the formation of bromo-THMs from the aliphatic precursors. Similar trends are obtained in THMFP measurements for haloacetic acids formation potential (HAAFP).

Using HPSEC to identify NOM fraction removal and the correlation with disinfection by-product precursors

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euis Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Yung-Chen Chou ◽  
Hsuan-Hsien Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Alum Coagulation ◽  
Aliphatic Biopolymer

In this study high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to compare an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and alum coagulation for their capacity to remove different fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) from water. At the same time, the removal of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors, as measured by trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP), was also detected. The results show that the UF membrane mainly removed the aliphatic biopolymer fraction, while alum coagulation mainly removed the humic substances fraction. The results of DBP precursor analysis show that more THMFP was removed by the UF membrane than HAAFP, while the reverse was true for alum coagulation. It is conjectured that the aliphatic biopolymer fraction is the major precursor for trihalomethanes (THMs), while the humic substances fraction is the major precursor for haloacetic acids (HAAs).

scholarly journals Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors by Nanofiltration in Low-SUVA Drinking Water

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Dubowski ◽  
Roni Greenberg-Eitan ◽  
Menachem Rebhun
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
Hydrophilic Organic Matter ◽  
By Products

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are prevalent disinfection by-products. High THM formation is usually associated with natural organic matter with high molecular weight and aromatic characteristics, which is efficiently removed by nanofiltration (NF). In the Sea of Galilee and the Israeli National Water Carrier (NWC), water shows high THM formation potential, although it mainly contains low molecular weight and hydrophilic organic matter with low aromaticity. In the present study, NF removal abilities were tested on treated NWC water using three different spiral wound membranes (NF90, NF270, and DL). Rejections and fluxes were tested as a function of pressure, water recovery, and membrane type. Feed and permeate dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UVA254, total THM formation (THMF), and total THM formation potential (THMFP), as well as alkalinity, conductivity, hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl− were measured to evaluate rejection and THM formation reduction. The results demonstrated that NF can efficiently remove natural organic matter (NOM) and reduce THM formation, even in this challenging type of water. At low water recovery, membranes showed average rejection of about 70–85% for THMFP and THM. Upon elevating recovery, average THM and THMFP rejection decreased to 55–70%, with THM content still well below regulation limits. Of the membranes tested, the higher permeability of NF270 appears to make it economically favorable for the applications tested in this work.

TiO2Photocatalysis of Natural Organic Matter in Surface Water: Impact on Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Formation Potential

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (16) ◽  
pp. 6218-6223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanly Liu ◽  
May Lim ◽  
Rolando Fabris ◽  
Christopher Chow ◽  
Mary Drikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
Haloacetic Acid ◽  
Formation Potential

Ozonation of natural organic matter and aquatic humic substances: the effects of ozone on the structural characteristics and subsequent trihalomethane formation potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Sadrnourmohammadi ◽  
Kenneth Brezinski ◽  
Beata Gorczyca
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Ftir ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Humic Fractions

Abstract The effect of ozonation on the structural and chemical characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) and its isolated humic fractions, humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid, were studied using Fourier transform infrared coupled to attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, and synchronous scanning fluorescence (SSF) spectroscopy. The results were linked to the effect of ozonation on trihalomethane formation potential (THMfp) reduction for water standards with high THM precursors. Results showed that ozonation at a dose of 1 mg ozone/mg dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was capable of reducing DOC, UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), and THMfp by up to 42%, 95%, and 89% for the HA water standard, respectively. The study of UV/Vis, FTIR-ATR, and SSF revealed trends showing that ozone can alter the composition of DOC in the water standards, causing a significant reduction in aromaticity. The reduction of UV254 for each ozonated sample also affirms that ozone mainly targets aromatic moieties contained in NOM. FTIR-ATR results showed that the reduction of unsaturated functional groups, including aromatic rings and C = C bonds in the water standards tested, were the main components impacted by ozone application. SSF results also revealed that ozonation decreases the fluorescence intensity of the maximum peak – as well as the whole spectra.

Variations of DBPs precursors according to location within the distribution system

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-421
Author(s):  
C. Beaulieu ◽  
M. J. Rodriguez ◽  
J.-B. Sérodes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Little information is available on the evolution of remaining organic matter (ROM) in a water distribution system (WDS) and its impact on the generation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). This research involves the characterization, through sample fractionation processes and experimental chlorination tests, of the reactivity of DBP precursors occurring within a WDS. The study is based on samples collected in various locations of a WDS during a complete year. For each sample, six fractions were generated to determine their potential for formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Fractionation processes on ROM demonstrated that the spatial behavior of precursors for THMs differs from that for precursors of HAAs. In addition, experimental chlorination tests showed that the reactivity of the investigated fractions, in terms of DBP formation potential (DBPfp), was different from each other according to location in the WDS. DBPfp for the studied fractions changed drastically during water treatment. However, changes of DBPfp for fractions were relatively low between the beginning and the extremity of the distribution system. Since the results of this research confirm that the ability to produce DBPs is related to the nature of the fractions, they could be useful to evaluate the impact of re-chlorination on DBP formation in a WDS.

Removal of natural organic matter and THM formation potential by ultra- and nanofiltration of surface water

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángeles de la Rubia ◽  
Manuel Rodríguez ◽  
Víctor M. León ◽  
Daniel Prats
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Formation Potential
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