TiO2Photocatalysis of Natural Organic Matter in Surface Water: Impact on Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Formation Potential

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (16) ◽  
pp. 6218-6223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanly Liu ◽  
May Lim ◽  
Rolando Fabris ◽  
Christopher Chow ◽  
Mary Drikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
Haloacetic Acid ◽  
Formation Potential

Role of tertiary amines in enhancing trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation during chlorination of aromatic compounds and a natural organic matter extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Huang ◽  
Amisha D. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Tertiary Amines ◽  
Haloacetic Acid ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs

Tertiary amines are prevalent in waters due to anthropogenic inputs and are known to enhance organic compound degradation while increasing disinfection by-product (DBP) formation, via the strong chlorinating agent, R3N–Cl+.

Removal of natural organic matter and THM formation potential by ultra- and nanofiltration of surface water

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángeles de la Rubia ◽  
Manuel Rodríguez ◽  
Víctor M. León ◽  
Daniel Prats
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Formation Potential

scholarly journals Degradation and transformation of natural organic matter accountable for disinfection byproduct formations by UV photolysis and UV/chlor(am)ine

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanathip Hirun-Utok ◽  
Songkeart Phattarapattamawong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Haloacetic Acid ◽  
Uv Photolysis ◽  
Disinfection Byproduct ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
Vacuum Uv ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract This research aimed to investigate the degradation of natural organic matter responsible for the formation of trihalomethane (THM), haloacetic acid (HAA) and haloacetonitrile (HAN) during ultraviolet (UV) photolysis and a co-exposure of UV with chlorine (UV/chlorine) and chloramine (UV/chloramine). Low pressure UV (LPUV) and vacuum UV (VUV) lamps were used for photolysis. VUV and LPUV irradiation changed aromatic/unsaturated structures to aliphatic ones, resulting in decreased THM and HAN formation. Following irradiation for 60 min, LPUV decreased THM and HAN by 16% ± 2% and 20% ± 6%, respectively. VUV decreased THM and HAN formation by 23% ± 3% and 20% ± 8%, respectively. HAA formation increased following photolysis. UV/chlorine treatment decreased THM, HAA and HAN. Higher chlorine doses had an inversely proportional relationship with THM and HAN formation. A chlorine dose of 4 mg·L−1 led to the greatest reductions, corresponding to 42% ± 2%, 10% ± 10% and 18% ± 6% for THM, HAA and HAN, respectively. UV/chloramine decreased the formation of THM more than UV/chlorine. With a chloramine dose of 4 mg·L−1, THM, HAA and HAN formation decreased by 74% ± 10%, 10% ± 10% and 11% ± 10%, respectively. This study showed the potential use of UV/chlor(am)ine for controlling the formation of THM, HAA and HAN.

Application of composite flocculants for removing organic matter and mitigating ultrafiltration membrane fouling in surface water treatment: the role of composite ratio

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2242-2250
Author(s):  
Xue Shen ◽  
Baoyu Gao ◽  
Kangying Guo ◽  
Qinyan Yue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling

Coagulation prior to the ultrafiltration (UF) process was implemented to improve natural organic matter (NOM) removal and membrane permeability.

scholarly journals Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors by Nanofiltration in Low-SUVA Drinking Water

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Dubowski ◽  
Roni Greenberg-Eitan ◽  
Menachem Rebhun
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
Hydrophilic Organic Matter ◽  
By Products

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are prevalent disinfection by-products. High THM formation is usually associated with natural organic matter with high molecular weight and aromatic characteristics, which is efficiently removed by nanofiltration (NF). In the Sea of Galilee and the Israeli National Water Carrier (NWC), water shows high THM formation potential, although it mainly contains low molecular weight and hydrophilic organic matter with low aromaticity. In the present study, NF removal abilities were tested on treated NWC water using three different spiral wound membranes (NF90, NF270, and DL). Rejections and fluxes were tested as a function of pressure, water recovery, and membrane type. Feed and permeate dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UVA254, total THM formation (THMF), and total THM formation potential (THMFP), as well as alkalinity, conductivity, hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl− were measured to evaluate rejection and THM formation reduction. The results demonstrated that NF can efficiently remove natural organic matter (NOM) and reduce THM formation, even in this challenging type of water. At low water recovery, membranes showed average rejection of about 70–85% for THMFP and THM. Upon elevating recovery, average THM and THMFP rejection decreased to 55–70%, with THM content still well below regulation limits. Of the membranes tested, the higher permeability of NF270 appears to make it economically favorable for the applications tested in this work.

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