Design aspects for appropriate additional support measures in TBM excavations

2013 ◽  
pp. 610-617
Author(s):  
G Volkmann ◽  
H Wannenmacher
Keyword(s):  
Support Measures ◽  
Additional Support

scholarly journals 3D Modelling of a Tunnel Re-excavation in Soft Ground

10.14311/1378 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hilar
Keyword(s):  
Ground Improvement ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Concrete Lining ◽  
Soft Ground ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Additional Support

The construction of the shallow tunnel at Brezno started using the Pre-Vault Method. The tunnel excavation, in complicated geological conditions, led to many difficulties which finally resulted in a collapse, when a significant part of the temporary tunnel lining collapsed. Various options for re-excavating the tunnel were evaluated prior to further construction. Finally a decision was made to separate the collapsed area into sections 9 m in length using 16 m-wide, transversally oriented pile walls, to improve the stability of the collapsed ground. The walls were constructed from the surface prior to excavation. It was also decided to re-excavate a collapsed area using the Sprayed Concrete Lining (SCL) method. Due to problematic soft ground conditions, which had been made even worse by the collapse, some additional support measures had to be considered prior to re-excavation (ground improvement, micropile umbrellas embedded into the pile walls, etc.)This paper describes numerical modelling of the tunnel re-excavation through the collapsed area. Initial calculations of the tunnel re-excavation were made using a 2D finite element method. Subsequently, further calculations to evaluate the rock mass behaviour in the collapsed area were provided in 3D. The 2D calculations were used to provide sensitivity studies, while 3D modelling was mainly used for evaluating the tunnel face stability (impact of the pile walls, impact of ground improvement) together with other factors (length of advances, moment of the temporary invert closure, etc.) The results of the modelling were compared with the monitoring results.The paper also briefly describes the construction experience (technical problems, performance of various support measures, etc.) The excavation and the primary lining construction were completed in 2006, and the tunnel was opened for traffic in April 2007.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Tax Revenues of the Oil and Gas Regions of Western Siberia Budgets in the Period COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
D. A. Oboznyy ◽  
M. V. Selyukov
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Initial Comparison ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Small and medium-sized enterprises have been significantly affected. Domestic measures of state support, including tax incentives, have become an important support factor. The corresponding Resolution provided for the expansion of opportunities to support the implementation of regional support measures. We found that the choice of a model of behavior by the regional authorities in our case depended on the level of favorable regional environment for the development of SMEs, as well as the level of diversification of regional production. We carried out an initial comparison of the consequences of the implementation of different support models in three similar regions and predicted the impact of the implemented regional support model on the future development of SMEs. The costs of the region for additional support measures, calculated as the lost budget income, in terms of one employee employed in medium and small businesses, turned out to be very insignificant. We draw a conclusion about the high economic and political efficiency of support measures associated with reducing the tax burden. It can be said that the regions that did not expand the support measures provided for by Resolution № 409 at the expense of the regional package missed the chance to convert small funds in support of the population.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Anti-Crisis Social Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Yelena I. Andreeva ◽  
◽  
Dmitry G. Bychkov ◽  
Olesya A. Feoktistova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cash Benefits ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Household Incomes

The authors analyze the response of the Russian government to the shrinking of household incomes during the 2020 economic crisis — the social support measures that were put in place to check the increase in poverty, and the social groups that were targeted by direct federal cash benefits. The anticrisis social support measures in Russia were, on the whole, comparable in composition and scope to what the governments in other countries were doing. A special feature of the Russian approach was that the new social benefits and the increased amounts of already existing benefits were addressed exclusively to families with children and were granted irrespective of household income levels. The authors estimate that the additional social support benefits, had they been implemented before the crisis, would have reduced the pre-crisis level of poverty by almost one third, although seven out of ten Russian households were left out of this additional support because they had no underage children. This leads to the conclusion that, in the future, social support policies must change to meet new challenges not only quickly, as they did during the last year’s crisis, but also in a more targeted manner.

Family and Friends Social Support Measures

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rice ◽  
Richard Longabaugh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Support Measures

Social Support Measures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Wachter ◽  
Sarah M. Murray ◽  
Brian J. Hall ◽  
Jeannie Annan ◽  
Paul Bolton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Support Measures

Fit for Purpose: Using a Distance Education Approach to Support Underperforming Schools in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Irene McKay
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Educational Design ◽  
Learner Performance ◽  
Poor Learner ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Content Support

This article explores the South African government’s national school workbook intervention aimed at addressing poor learner performance in the context of teacher under-preparedness and curriculum reform. It shows how the workbooks use a distance education approach to provide pedagogical and content support for teachers, albeit in the context of classroom teaching, to compensate for teachers’ pedagogical challenges. This article uses a mixed methods research approach to explore how teachers, learners and parents used the workbooks and shows that while the distance educational design scaffolded teaching, additional support is necessary to enable the intervention to be more impactful. 

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