Soil Mechanical Resistance and Root Growth and Function

Plant Roots ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 632-647 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals The influence of mechanical resistance and phosphate supply on morphology and function of maize roots.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Boone ◽  
B.W. Veen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Levels

In 3 pot experiments, maize cv. Avanti was grown on a marine sandy loam compacted to different pore vol. and supplied with different rates of P. Root wt. was not changed by different levels of mechanical resistance but root extension growth and cone resistance were curvilinearly related. At high mechanical resistance, root growth was more horizontal; vertical root growth was very limited at high cone resistances. Specific root length was also smaller, root diam. larger and fewer laterals/cm main root were developed although their av. length was not affected. The influence of mechanical resistance on root distribution and morphology reduced nutrient uptake and therefore shoot growth. With low P availability, P limited shoot growth more the higher the mechanical resistance. With sufficient P, K had the same effect. If an aboveground factor such as a low light intensity limited shoot growth, mechanical resistance had no effect on shoot growth. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Characterisation of three shoot apical meristem mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Ottoline Leyser ◽  
I. J. Furner
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Phenotypic Characterisation ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
And Function

The shoot apical meristem of dicotyledonous plants is highly regulated both structurally and functionally, but little is known about the mechanisms involved in this regulation. Here we describe the genetic and phenotypic characterisation of recessive mutations at three loci of Arabidopsis thaliana in which meristem structure and function are disrupted. The loci are Clavata1 (Clv1), Fasciata1 (Fas1) and Fasciata2 (Fas2). Plants mutant at these loci are fasciated having broad, flat stems and disrupted phyllotaxy. In all cases, the fasciations are associated with shoot apical meristem enlargement and altered floral development. While all the mutants share some phenotypic features they can be divided into two classes. The pleiotropic fas1 and fas2 mutants are unable to initiate wild- type organs, show major alterations in meristem structure and have reduced root growth. In contrast, clv1 mutant plants show near wild-type organ phenotypes, more subtle changes in shoot apical meristem structure and wild-type root growth.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE ON NODULE PRIMORDIA OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max Merrill) IN ACID SOILS IN RHIZOTRON EXPERIMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setiyo Hadi Waluyo ◽  
Tek An Lie ◽  
Leendert ’t Mannetje
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
And Function ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Positive Effect

To clarify whether P had a direct or indirect effect on the nodulation  process of soybean grown in acid soils from Sitiung, West Sumatra, Indonesia, a series of rhizotron experiments, with special attention given to formation of nodule primordia, was conducted at Laboratory of  Microbiology, Wageningen University in 1998-2000. It was shown that Ca and P were essential nutrients for root growth, nodule formation, and growth of soybean in the acid soils (Oxisols). Ca increased root growth, number of nodule primordia, nodules, and growth of the soybean plant. This positive effect of Ca was increased considerably by the application of P. Ca and P have a synergistic effect on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of soybean in acid soils. Ca is important for the establishment of nodules, whilst P is essential for the development and function of the formed nodules. P increased number of nodule primordia, thus it also has an important role in the initiation of nodule formation. From this study, it can be concluded that Ca and P are the most limiting nutrients for BNF of soybean in the acid soils of Sitiung, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of commercial inorganic and organic fertilizer effects on arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by Glomus intraradices

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
And Function

Formation and function of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are affected by levels of fertility in soil or fertilizers applied to soilless container mixes. For AM fungi, phosphorus (P) is the main element influencing colonization of host plant roots. The question addressed in this study was whether inorganic or organic fertilizers were more compatible with the formation and function of AM. Several controlled-release inorganic (CRI) fertilizers were compared with several organic (OR) fertilizers at different rates (½× to 4× the recommended rate) to determine (1) threshold levels of tolerance by the AM fungus Glomus intraradices in relation to root colonization, and (2) growth responses of `Guardsman' bunching onion (Allium cepa) and `Orange Cupido' miniature rose (Rosa spp.) plants grown in a soilless potting mix or sandy loam soil. AM colonization in soil was greatly decreased or totally inhibited by CRI fertilizers with high P content at the 2× rate or greater, whereas colonization was decreased but never eliminated by low-P OR fertilizers at the 3× rate or greater. Shoot growth of onions was similar with or without AM inoculation when fertilized with CRI, but in general was only enhanced by OR fertilizers if inoculated with AM fungi, compared to the noninoculated controls. Shoot and root growth of onions were significantly increased by AM inoculation when OR fertilizers were used at the 1× rate. In contrast, root growth was not increased by the combination of CRI fertilizers and AM fungal inoculation. Inoculation of miniature roses grown in sandy loam amended with 25% peat and perlite and fertilized with all the CRI or OR fertilizers resulted in high AM colonization, but without much AM-induced growth increase except where OR fertilizers or CRI fertilizers with low P were used. In a soilless potting mix, growth of miniature roses was less with OR fertilizers at the rates used than CRI fertilizers, but mycorrhiza formation was greater in the former unless P was low in the latter. These results indicate that release of nutrients from organic fertilizers, as a result of microbial activity, favors AM establishment and function more than most inorganic fertilizers unless P levels of the latter are low.

scholarly journals The quiescent centre and root apical meristem: organization and function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G Dubrovsky ◽  
Kris Vissenberg
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Quiescent Centre ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
And Function

Abstract This special issue is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Frederick Albert Lionel Clowes, who discovered the quiescent centre (QC) of the root apical meristem (RAM). His discovery was a foundation for contemporary studies of the QC and RAM function, maintenance, and organization. RAM function is fundamental for cell production and root growth. This special issue bundles reviews on the main tendencies, hypotheses, and future directions, and identifies unknowns in the field.

Effect of nitroglycerin and ibuprofen on left ventricular topography and rupture threshold during healing after myocardial infarction in the dog

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodh I. Jugdutt
Keyword(s):  
Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balloon Technique ◽  
Dimensional Echocardiography ◽  
Improved Function ◽  
And Function

The effect of nitroglycerin and ibuprofen, given between 2 and 7 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, on the mechanical resistance of the infarcted left ventricle to rupture or the rupture threshold (balloon technique), and on topography (computerized planimetry) and function (two-dimensional echocardiography) at 7 days (n = 32) and 42 days (n = 34) postligation was studied in 66 dogs randomly allocated to sham (no infarction, n = 22) and infarction subgroups (15 controls; 15 received nitroglycerin, 30 mg oral isosorbide dinitrate b.i.d; 14 received ibuprofen, 200 mg t.i.d orally). Nitroglycerin decreased mean arterial and left atrial pressures, decreased diastolic cross-sectional area, and improved systolic function, while ibuprofen increased diastolic area. Infarction subgroups showed infarct shrinkage and more infarct hydroxyproline at 6 weeks. Compared with shams, all infarct subgroups showed early expansion and thinning, with further marked late thinning in controls. Nitroglycerin produced less expansion and thinning both at 1 and 6 weeks, while ibuprofen produced marked early thinning. Rupture threshold was less at 6 weeks than 1 week with controls and ibuprofen but remained unchanged with nitroglycerin. Passive prerupture stiffness was less at 6 weeks than at 1 week in controls but remained unchanged with nitroglycerin and ibuprofen. Thus, reduced expansion and thinning with nitroglycerin during the first week after infarction improved function, mechanical strength, and resistance to distension at 6 weeks.

scholarly journals Cell wall-bound cationic and anionic class III isoperoxidases of pea root: biochemical characterization and function in root growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4631-4645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana M. Kukavica ◽  
Sonja D. Veljovicć-Jovanovicć ◽  
Ljiljana Menckhoff ◽  
Sabine Lüthje
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Abiotic Factors Influencing Root Growth of Woody Nursery Plants in Containers

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Mathers ◽  
S.B. Lowe ◽  
C. Scagel ◽  
D.K. Struve ◽  
L.T. Case
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ground Field ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
Root Health ◽  
And Function ◽  
Field Production

Container production has many advantages over traditional in-ground (field) production, including less damage occurring to the root system when transplanted, better establishment after transplanting, decreased labor and land acquisition costs for production, and increased product availability and longevity in the retail market. Growing plants in containers, however, alters root growth and function and can change root morphology. Numerous factors influence root growth in containers. Roots of container-grown plants are subjected to temperature and moisture extremes not normally found in field production. The effects of substrate aeration (Ea) as well as water holding capacity (Pv) interact with different pot characteristics, resulting in changes to root morphology. Successful plant establishment after transplanting is often linked to root health. This review focuses on the roles of substrate physical and chemical properties, container characteristics, and temperature in altering root growth in container-grown woody nursery crops. Root circling, planting too deeply or “too-deep syndrome” (TDS), and the use of composts as container substrates will also be examined.

Development of a root growth model for yellow-poplar and sweetgum seedlings grown in compacted soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Simmons ◽  
P. E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Loam Soil

A root growth model was developed to graphically simulate predicted root responses of yellow-poplar and sweetgum seedlings to changes in soil physical properties. Data for the model were collected in greenhouse and laboratory experiments. Newly germinated yellow-poplar (Liriodendrontulipifera L.) and sweetgum (Liquidambarstyraciflua L.) seedlings were transplanted into pots containing silt loam soil compacted to bulk densities of 1.25, 1.40, or 1.55 Mg m−3 and grown under greenhouse conditions for 3 months. Minimum water potentials were maintained at −10 or −300 kPa. At harvest, root systems were excavated, divided into orders of lateral roots, and length, number, and branching frequency of each order were determined. Air-filled porosity and mechanical resistance were determined for soil samples equilibrated at the same bulk densities and water potentials as those used in the greenhouse study. Based on root and soil parameters, the model ROOTSIM graphically depicts the root distribution of each tree species at different levels of bulk density, mechanical resistance, and air-filled porosity. The model accurately predicts lateral root length and distribution for the range of soil properties used in the greenhouse study but has not been validated for these or other soil conditions.

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