The Structure of Pepper Genome

2013 ◽  
pp. 122-126
Keyword(s):  
Pepper Genome

Construction of a molecular linkage map of pepper and a comparison of synteny with tomato

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Prince ◽  
Edmond Pochard ◽  
Steven D. Tanksley
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Pepper Genome ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

A molecular map of pepper (Capsicum sp.) totalling 720 cM has been constructed in an interspecific F2 cross with restriction fragment length polymorphisms and isozymes. Nineteen linkage groups were formed from 192 molecular markers. Twenty-six markers showed no linkage to any others. Twenty-eight markers showed significant deviation from expected Mendelian ratios and clustered in the genome. Two quantitative trait loci controlling the number of flowers per node were mapped to linkage group 10. The order of markers in at least 228 cM (31.7%) of the pepper genome is conserved with respect to the tomato genome, with a minimum of 15 chromosome breakage events postulated to have occurred since their divergence from a common ancestor. Comparisons of meiotic recombination in 14 conserved intervals indicates that tomato has a higher rate of recombination than does pepper in the crosses studied. Evidence suggests that centric fusions and resulting chromosome breakage events are mechanisms for genome evolution in the Solanaceae.Key words: restriction fragment length polymorphism, genome evolution, quantitative trait loci, multiple flowers, Capsicum, Lycopersicon esculentum.

CaPSY1 gene plays likely the key role in carotenoid metabolism of pepper (Capsicum annuum) at ripening

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Wei ◽  
Chunyang Meng ◽  
Yuxiang Yuan ◽  
Ujjal Kumar Nath ◽  
Yanyan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Carotenoid Metabolism ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Pepper Genome ◽  
Aba Content

Phytoene synthase (PSY) is the first committed enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, which plays important role in ripen fruit colour. However, the roles of CaPSY genes are not explained detail in ripen pepper fruit colour. In this study, three CaPSY genes (CaPSY1, CaPSY2 and CaPSY3) were identified through basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) in pepper genome. Among them, CaPSY1 was predicted as putative candidate based on relative expression values using five developmental stages of fruit in Zunla-1 cultivar and also in ripen fruits of five contrasting pepper lines. The CaPSY1 was characterised functionally through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in ripen fruits and overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Silencing of CaPSY1 gene altered colour with increased lutein and decreased zeaxanthin content in pepper fruits. The transgenic Arabidopsis line CaPSY1 gene showed higher expression of PSY1 gene compared with WT and dwarf phenotype due to reduction of GA3 (gibberellic acid) and higher abscisic acid (ABA) content. Our results confirmed that CaPSY1 gene involved in carotenoid metabolism in ripen pepper fruit and provide clue to develop bright red coloured pepper lines through breeding.

Construction of an intraspecific integrated linkage map of pepper using molecular markers and doubled-haploid progenies

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Lefebvre ◽  
Alain Palloix ◽  
Carole Caranta ◽  
Edmond Pochard
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Integrated Linkage Map ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Rflp Rapd ◽  
Pepper Genome ◽  
Genomic Regions

An integrated molecular linkage map of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), including mainly RFLP and RAPD markers, has been constructed by alignment of three intraspecific linkage maps generated by segregating doubled-haploid progenies. A total of 85 markers covered approximately 820 cM in 14 linkage groups. Four linkage groups were assigned to 4 chromosomes. Two new genes of agronomic interest were located: L controlling hypersensitive resistance to TMV and up controlling the erect habit of the fruits. The C gene controlling the fruit pungency was more precisely located. This map is estimated to represent from 36 to 59% of the total pepper genome. An examination of segregation data has revealed several genomic regions with aberrant segregation ratios often favouring the agronomic big-fruited parents, particularly in crosses involving the exotic parent CM334, suggesting that these genome regions are subjected to selection during the process of doubled-haploid production. The suitability of doubled-haploid progenies for mapping projects and the differences observed between this intraspecific integrated map with earlier published interspecific pepper maps are discussed.Key words: Capsicum annuum, RFLP, RAPD, integrated linkage map, doubled-haploid progenies.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of pepper and tomato reveals euchromatin expansion of pepper genome caused by differential accumulation of Ty3/Gypsy-like elements

BMC Genomics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minkyu Park ◽  
SungHwan Jo ◽  
Jin-Kyung Kwon ◽  
Jongsun Park ◽  
Jong Hwa Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Pepper Genome

scholarly journals Genome Mapping in Capsicum and the Evolution of Genome Structure in the Solanaceae

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 1183-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D Livingstone ◽  
Vincent K Lackney ◽  
James R Blauth ◽  
Rik van Wijk ◽  
Molly Kyle Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Map ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Tomato Genome ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Pepper Genome ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Paracentric Inversions

Abstract We have created a genetic map of Capsicum (pepper) from an interspecific F2 population consisting of 11 large (76.2–192.3 cM) and 2 small (19.1 and 12.5 cM) linkage groups that cover a total of 1245.7 cM. Many of the markers are tomato probes that were chosen to cover the tomato genome, allowing comparison of this pepper map to the genetic map of tomato. Hybridization of all tomato-derived probes included in this study to positions throughout the pepper map suggests that no major losses have occurred during the divergence of these genomes. Comparison of the pepper and tomato genetic maps showed that 18 homeologous linkage blocks cover 98.1% of the tomato genome and 95.0% of the pepper genome. Through these maps and the potato map, we determined the number and types of rearrangements that differentiate these species and reconstructed a hypothetical progenitor genome. We conclude there have been 30 breaks as part of 5 translocations, 10 paracentric inversions, 2 pericentric inversions, and 4 disassociations or associations of genomic regions that differentiate tomato, potato, and pepper, as well as an additional reciprocal translocation, nonreciprocal translocation, and a duplication or deletion that differentiate the two pepper mapping parents.

scholarly journals Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of GRAS gene family in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Baoling ◽  
Sun Yan ◽  
Xue Jinai ◽  
Li Runzhi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Regulation Network ◽  
Motif Composition ◽  
Pepper Genome ◽  
Gras Gene

Plant-specific GRAS transcription factors diversely participate in the regulation of multiple biological processes including growth and development, signal cross-talking and biotic/abiotic responses. However, this gene family was not characterized detailed in pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.), an economically important vegetable crop. Here, a total of 50 Ca GRAS members were identified in the pepper genome and renamed by their respective chromosomal distribution. Genomic organization revealed that most CaGRAS genes (84%) have no intron. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Arabidopsis thaliana to classify pepper GARS genes into at least ten subfamilies. Multiple sequence alignment showed GRAS-typical domains present in those proteins, with the members from the same phylogenetic subfamily exhibiting the similar motif composition. The presence of highly divergent N-terminus may be associated with functional specificity of each CaGRAS protein. Expression of 12 CaGRAS genes was not detected in all tissues tested, suggesting that their functions may be lost during evolution. By contrast, the rest 38 CaGRAS genes were expressed largely in several organs, showing their important roles in pepper life activities. Moreover, 21 CaGRAS genes were differentially expressed under cold, drought, salt and GA treatments, indicating that they play vital roles in response to abiotic stress in pepper. The first comprehensive analysis of GRAS gene family in the pepper genome in this study provide insights into understanding the CRAS-mediated regulation network, benefiting the genetic improvements in pepper and some other relative plants.

scholarly journals Transcription Factor CaSBP12 Negatively Regulates Salt Stress Tolerance in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Huai-Xia Zhang ◽  
Wen-Chao Zhu ◽  
Xiao-Hui Feng ◽  
Jing-Hao Jin ◽  
Ai-Min Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Pepper Genome

SBP-box (Squamosa-promoter binding protein) genes are a type of plant-specific transcription factor and play important roles in plant growth, signal transduction, and stress response. However, little is known about the role of pepper SBP-box transcription factor genes in response to abiotic stress. Here, one of the pepper SBP-box gene, CaSBP12, was selected and isolated from pepper genome database in our previous study. The CaSBP12 gene was induced under salt stress. Silencing the CaSBP12 gene enhanced pepper plant tolerance to salt stress. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the detached leaves of CaSBP12-silenced plants was significantly lower than that of control plants. Besides, the Na+, malondialdehyde content, and conductivity were significantly increased in control plants than that in the CaSBP12-silenced plants. In addition, the CaSBP12 over-expressed Nicotiana benthamiana plants were more susceptible to salt stress with higher damage severity index percentage and accumulation of ROS as compared to the wild-type. These results indicated that CaSBP12 negatively regulates salt stress tolerance in pepper may relate to ROS signaling cascades.

scholarly journals The Pepper Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CaMAPK7 Acts as a Positive Regulator in Response to Ralstonia solanacearum Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanping Shi ◽  
Kan Zhang ◽  
Linjing Xie ◽  
Mingxing Yang ◽  
Baixue Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Pepper Genome ◽  
Pepper Plants

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play a vital role in multiple plant processes, including growth, development, and stress signaling, but their involvement in response to Ralstonia solanacearum is poorly understood, particularly in pepper plants. Herein, CaMAPK7 was identified from the pepper genome and functionally analyzed. The accumulations of CaMAPK7 transcripts and promoter activities were both significantly induced in response to R. solanacearum strain FJC100301 infection, and exogenously applied phytohormones, including methyl jasmonate (MeJA), brassinolide (BR), salicylic acid (SA), and ethephon (ETN), were decreased by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaMAPK7 significantly enhanced the susceptibility of pepper plants to infection by R. solanacearum and downregulated the defense-related marker genes, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, CaSAR82A, and CaWRKY40. In contrast, the ectopic overexpression of CaMAPK7 in transgenic tobacco enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum and upregulated the defense-associated marker genes, including NtHSR201, NtHSR203, NtPR4, PR1a/c, NtPR1b, NtCAT1, and NtACC. Furthermore, transient overexpression of CaMAPK7 in pepper leaves triggered intensive hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death, H2O2 accumulation, and enriched CaWRKY40 at the promoters of its target genes and drove their transcript accumulations, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, and CaSAR82A. Taken together, these data indicate that R. solanacearum infection induced the expression of CaMAPK7, which indirectly modifies the binding of CaWRKY40 to its downstream targets, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, and CaSAR82A, ultimately leading to the activation of pepper immunity against R. solanacearum. The protein that responds to CaMAPK7 in pepper plants should be isolated in the future to build a signaling bridge between CaMAPK7 and CaWRKY40.

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