- Biophysical Foundations of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Electric Stimulation: From Electromagnetic Fields to Neural Response

2012 ◽  
pp. 133-154
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Transcranial Electric Stimulation

Bioelectromagnetism in Human Brain Research: New Applications, New Questions

2021 ◽  
pp. 107385842110547
Author(s):  
Joachim Gross ◽  
Markus Junghöfer ◽  
Carsten Wolters
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Transcranial Electric Stimulation ◽  
New Applications

Bioelectromagnetism has contributed some of the most commonly used techniques to human neuroscience such as magnetoencephalography (MEG), electroencephalography (EEG), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcranial electric stimulation (TES). The considerable differences in their technical design and practical use give rise to the impression that these are quite different techniques altogether. Here, we review, discuss and illustrate the fundamental principle of Helmholtz reciprocity that provides a common ground for all four techniques. We show that, more than 150 years after its discovery by Helmholtz in 1853, reciprocity is important to appreciate the strengths and limitations of these four classical tools in neuroscience. We build this case by explaining the concept of Helmholtz reciprocity, presenting a methodological account of this principle for all four methods and, finally, by illustrating its application in practical clinical studies.

67. Neural response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in adult thyroid hormone resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. e148
Author(s):  
C. Allegra ◽  
C. Terranova ◽  
V. Rizzo ◽  
S. Benvenga ◽  
L. Bartolone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Hormone Resistance ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Resistance

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Fields for the Regulation of Neural Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengchu Cui ◽  
Hongfei Ge ◽  
Hengli Zhao ◽  
Yongjie Zou ◽  
Yujie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Us Fda

Localized magnetic fields (MFs) could easily penetrate the scalp, skull, and meninges, thus inducing an electrical current in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, which is primarily used in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for inducing specific effects on different regions or cells that play roles in various brain activities. Studies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have led to novel attractive therapeutic approaches. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in adult human brain are able to self-renew and possess multidifferential ability to maintain homeostasis and repair damage after acute central nervous system. In the present review, we summarized the electrical activity of NSCs and the fundamental mechanism of electromagnetic fields and their effects on regulating NSC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation. Although it was authorized for the rTMS use in resistant depression patients by US FDA, there are still unveiling mechanism and limitations for rTMS in clinical applications of acute central nervous system injury, especially on NSC regulation as a rehabilitation strategy. More in-depth studies should be performed to provide detailed parameters and mechanisms of rTMS in further studies, making it a powerful tool to treat people who are surviving with acute central nervous system injuries.

Neural response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in adult hypothyroidism and effect of replacement treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 266 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Rizzo ◽  
Domenica Crupi ◽  
Sergio Bagnato ◽  
Angelo Quartarone ◽  
Salvatore Benvenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Replacement Treatment
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