Integral equation models in some biomedical applications of electromagnetic fields: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), nerve fiber stimulation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Poljak ◽  
Mario Cvetkovic ◽  
Vicko Doric ◽  
Ivana Zulim ◽  
Zoran Dogas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Fiber Stimulation

Integral Equation Formulations and Related Numerical Solution Methods in Some Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-267
Author(s):  
Dragan Poljak ◽  
Mario Cvetković ◽  
Vicko Dorić ◽  
Ivana Zulim ◽  
Zoran Đogaš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Myelinated Nerve Fiber ◽  
Surface Integral ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Solution Methods

The paper reviews certain integral equation approaches and related numerical methods used in studies of biomedical applications of electromagnetic fields pertaining to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and nerve fiber stimulation. TMS is analyzed by solving the set of coupled surface integral equations (SIEs), while the numerical solution of governing equations is carried out via Method of Moments (MoM) scheme. A myelinated nerve fiber, stimulated by a current source, is represented by a straight thin wire antenna. The model is based on the corresponding homogeneous Pocklington integro-differential equation solved by means of the Galerkin Bubnov Indirect Boundary Element Method (GB-IBEM). Some illustrative numerical results for the TMS induced fields and intracellular current distribution along the myelinated nerve fiber (active and passive), respectively, are presented in the paper.

Integral Equation Formulations and Related Numerical Solution Methods in Some Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Poljak ◽  
Mario Cvetković ◽  
Vicko Dorić ◽  
Ivana Zulim ◽  
Zoran Đogaš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Wire Antenna ◽  
Myelinated Nerve Fiber ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Numerical Solution Methods

The paper reviews certain integral equation approaches and related numerical methods used in studies of biomedical applications of electromagnetic fields pertaining to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and nerve fiber stimulation. TMS is analyzed by solving the set of coupled surface integral equations (SIEs), while the numerical solution of governing equations is carried out via Method of Moments (MoM) scheme. A myelinated nerve fiber, stimulated by a current source, is represented by a straight thin wire antenna. The model is based on the corresponding homogeneous Pocklington integro-differential equation solved by means of the Galerkin Bubnov Indirect Boundary Element Method (GB-IBEM). Some illustrative numerical results for the TMS induced fields and intracellular current distribution along the myelinated nerve fiber (active and passive), respectively, are presented in the paper.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Fields for the Regulation of Neural Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengchu Cui ◽  
Hongfei Ge ◽  
Hengli Zhao ◽  
Yongjie Zou ◽  
Yujie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Us Fda

Localized magnetic fields (MFs) could easily penetrate the scalp, skull, and meninges, thus inducing an electrical current in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, which is primarily used in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for inducing specific effects on different regions or cells that play roles in various brain activities. Studies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have led to novel attractive therapeutic approaches. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in adult human brain are able to self-renew and possess multidifferential ability to maintain homeostasis and repair damage after acute central nervous system. In the present review, we summarized the electrical activity of NSCs and the fundamental mechanism of electromagnetic fields and their effects on regulating NSC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation. Although it was authorized for the rTMS use in resistant depression patients by US FDA, there are still unveiling mechanism and limitations for rTMS in clinical applications of acute central nervous system injury, especially on NSC regulation as a rehabilitation strategy. More in-depth studies should be performed to provide detailed parameters and mechanisms of rTMS in further studies, making it a powerful tool to treat people who are surviving with acute central nervous system injuries.

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