Specific complications by vessel area or specific scenarios

2007 ◽  
pp. 49-49
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Area

scholarly journals Thresholding techniques for segmentation of atherosclerotic plaque and lumen areas in vascular arteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Markiewicz ◽  
M. Dziekiewicz ◽  
S. Osowski ◽  
M. Maruszynski ◽  
W. Kozlowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Mixture Modeling ◽  
Automatic Evaluation ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Vessel Area ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Modeling ◽  
Automatic Methods

Abstract The paper develops the automatic methods of segmentation of the blood vessel area in the images of the multi-slice computed tomography, allowing to separate the lumen from the atherosclerotic plaque areas. The solution is based on the application of different implementations of thresholding, including between class variance in a bimodal mode, Gaussian mixture modeling, clustering technique, polynomial and multilayer perceptron approximations. These methods are compared with many examples of arteries of different percentage of the plaque occupancy in the iliac and femoral arteries. The numerical results of segmentation have been verified by the medical experts and prove its usefulness in medical practice. The presented system can find application in an automatic evaluation of the atherosclerosis progression/regression of patients on the basis of sequence of Computed Tomography slice images.

scholarly journals Different Wood Anatomical and Growth Responses in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at Three Forest Sites in Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domen Arnič ◽  
Jožica Gričar ◽  
Jernej Jevšenak ◽  
Gregor Božič ◽  
Georg von Arx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Vessel Area ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) adapts to local growing conditions to enhance its performance. In response to variations in climatic conditions, beech trees adjust leaf phenology, cambial phenology, and wood formation patterns, which result in different tree-ring widths (TRWs) and wood anatomy. Chronologies of tree ring width and vessel features [i.e., mean vessel area (MVA), vessel density (VD), and relative conductive area (RCTA)] were produced for the 1960–2016 period for three sites that differ in climatic regimes and spring leaf phenology (two early- and one late-flushing populations). These data were used to investigate long-term relationships between climatic conditions and anatomical features of four quarters of tree-rings at annual and intra-annual scales. In addition, we investigated how TRW and vessel features adjust in response to extreme weather events (i.e., summer drought). We found significant differences in TRW, VD, and RCTA among the selected sites. Precipitation and maximum temperature before and during the growing season were the most important climatic factors affecting TRW and vessel characteristics. We confirmed differences in climate-growth relationships between the selected sites, late flushing beech population at Idrija showing the least pronounced response to climate. MVA was the only vessel trait that showed no relationship with TRW or other vessel features. The relationship between MVA and climatic factors evaluated at intra-annual scale indicated that vessel area in the first quarter of tree-ring were mainly influenced by climatic conditions in the previous growing season, while vessel area in the second to fourth quarters of tree ring width was mainly influenced by maximum temperature and precipitation in the current growing season. When comparing wet and dry years, beech from all sites showed a similar response, with reduced TRW and changes in intra-annual variation in vessel area. Our findings suggest that changes in temperature and precipitation regimes as predicted by most climate change scenarios will affect tree-ring increments and wood structure in beech, yet the response between sites or populations may differ.

scholarly journals Dilated Blood and Lymphatic Microvessels, Angiogenesis, Increased Macrophages, and Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Lipedema Thigh Skin and Fat Tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara AL-Ghadban ◽  
Walter Cromer ◽  
Marisol Allen ◽  
Christopher Ussery ◽  
Michael Badowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Vessel Area ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Imagej Software

Background and Aim. Lipedema is a common painful SAT disorder characterized by enlargement of fat primarily in the legs of women. Case reports of lipedema tissue samples demonstrate fluid and fibrosis in the interstitial matrix, increased macrophages, and adipocyte hypertrophy. The aims of this project are to investigate blood vasculature, immune cells, and structure of lipedema tissue in a cohort of women. Methods. Forty-nine participants, 19 controls and 30 with lipedema, were divided into groups based on body mass index (BMI): Non-Obese (BMI 20 to <30 kg/m2) and Obese (BMI 30 to <40 kg/m2). Histological sections from thigh skin and fat were stained with H&E. Adipocyte area and blood vessel size and number were quantified using ImageJ software. Markers for macrophages (CD68), mast cells (CD117), T cells (CD3), endothelial cells (CD31), blood (SMA), and lymphatic (D2-40 and Lyve-1) vessels were investigated by IHC and IF. Results. Non-Obese Lipedema adipocyte area was larger than Non-Obese Controls (p=0.005) and similar to Obese Lipedema and Obese Controls. Macrophage numbers were significantly increased in Non-Obese (p<0.005) and Obese (p<0.05) Lipedema skin and fat compared to Control groups. No differences in T lymphocytes or mast cells were observed when comparing Lipedema to Control in both groups. SMA staining revealed increased dermal vessels in Non-Obese Lipedema patients (p<0.001) compared to Non-Obese Controls. Lyve-1 and D2-40 staining showed a significant increase in lymphatic vessel area but not in number or perimeter in Obese Lipedema participants (p<0.05) compared to Controls (Obese and Non-Obese). Areas of angiogenesis were found in the fat in 30% of lipedema participants but not controls. Conclusion. Hypertrophic adipocytes, increased numbers of macrophages and blood vessels, and dilation of capillaries in thigh tissue of non-obese women with lipedema suggest inflammation, and angiogenesis occurs independent of obesity and demonstrates a role of altered vasculature in the manifestation of the disease.

scholarly journals Continuous Perivascularl-Arginine Delivery Increases Total Vessel Area and Reduces Neointimal Thickening After Experimental Balloon Dilatation

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan M. Bosmans ◽  
Chris J. Vrints ◽  
Mark M. Kockx ◽  
Hidde Bult ◽  
Kristel M. C. Cromheeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Balloon Dilatation ◽  
Vessel Area ◽  
Neointimal Thickening

ASME NDE Engineering Division: 25 Years of Excellence

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Springer ◽  
Owen F. Hedden
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Vessel Area ◽  
Pipeline Systems ◽  
Integrate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Design Materials ◽  
Support Activity

Since its beginnings in 1982, the NDE Engineering Division has worked to emphasize the need to integrate analysis, design, materials, manufacturing, and inspection into the overall pressure vessel design, fabrication, installation, and evaluation process so that not only are quality products put into service, but also that the condition of those products can be accurately assessed over their lifetimes. Recently, the division has begun exploring avenues that will allow it to interact with other elements within ASME where synergy clearly exists, e.g. the Pipeline Systems Division and the Petroleum Institute, as well as other organizations such as ASNT. The goal is to work on ways in which the knowledge base and past successes of the division can be used to support activity outside of the pressure vessel area while continuing to work on expanding the interaction already taking place between the NDE Engineering and Pressure Vessel and Piping Divisions.

Circadian Adrenergic Regulation of Bone Marrow Endothelial Adhesion Molecule Expression Impacts Progenitor Recruitment and Engraftment Efficiency

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 398-398
Author(s):  
Yuya Kunisaki ◽  
Christoph Scheiermann ◽  
Daniel Lucas ◽  
Andrew Chow ◽  
Paul S. Frenette
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecule Expression ◽  
Vessel Area

Abstract Abstract 398 Previous studies have revealed that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are released into peripheral blood in a circadian manner in a process controlled by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) through the regulation of CXCL12 levels in the bone marrow (BM) (Mendez-Ferrer et. al. Nature 2008;452:442). Here, we have evaluated the constitutive recruitment of hematopoietic cells back to the BM. We have observed using high-speed multichannel fluorescence intravital microscopy (MFIM) significant circadian oscillations in the number of adherent BM cells in sinusoids with a nadir in the morning (Zeitgeber time, ZT5: 0.97 ± 0.17 adherent cells/ 100 μm2 vessel area) and a peak at night (ZT13: 2.54 ± 0.53 adherent cells/100 μm2, p = 0.007) after adoptive transfer on a 12 hour light-12 hour darkness cycle. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the majority (∼70 %) of homed BM cells were Gr-1+ Mac-1+ myeloid cells. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we have examined the expression levels of P- and E-selectins and VCAM-1, essential homing receptors for progenitor cells in the BM, and found that their mRNA and protein expression on BM endothelium oscillated over the course of a day with the peak expression overlapping the time of the highest cell adhesion numbers (ZT13). To examine the role of the SNS in this process, we surgically sympathectomized mice by unilateral section of the superior cervical ganglion (SCGx) whose neurons project into the calvarial vasculature, while performing sham surgery on the contralateral side. Sympathectomy abolished circadian fluctuations in the number of adoptively transferred adherent cells to the denervated calvarial BM compared to the control side in the same animals (nerve-intact side: ZT5 / ZT13: 1.66 ± 0.10 / 2.41 ± 0.08 cells / 100 μm2, p<0.0001; SCGx: ZT5 / ZT13: 1.65 ± 0.09 vs 1.63 ± 0.09 / 100 μm2 vessel area, p=0.90). We then ascertained further the role of adrenergic signals by evaluating mice deficient in b-adrenergic receptors. We found that the oscillations in cell adhesion molecule expression were markedly reduced in β2 (Adrb2-/-) and β3 (Adrb3-/-) adrenergic receptor deficient mice. These results suggest that hematopoietic cell recruitment to the BM is under circadian control, which is dependent on oscillating expression of endothelial selectins and VCAM-1, and regulated by the SNS. To test the relevance of circadian leukocyte recruitment, we investigated whether isoproterenol, a pan-b-adrenergic agonist commonly used in the clinic, could promote hematopoietic progenitor recruitment and thus BM reconstitution after BM transplantation (BMT). Treatment with isoproterenol (5 mg/kg) for 5 days significantly up-regulated expression of P-selectin (1.2-fold increase; p = 0.027), E-selectin (1.5-fold increase; P = 0.003) and VCAM-1 (2.3-fold increase; P=0.006) on BM endothelium in irradiated recipients as determined by flow cytometry of Tie-2+ PECAM-1+ endothelial cells. Consequently, homing of BM cells was dramatically increased (control / isoproterenol: 2.4 ± 0.2 ×104/4.9 ± 0.4 × 104 donor cells/femur; p = 0.0002) as was the number of recruited hematopoietic progenitors (17.0 ± 3.5/74.1 ± 18.8 CFU-C/femur; p = 0.017). In addition, the recovery of mature myeloid cells in peripheral blood was significantly accelerated in 3 weeks after transplantation of 5 × 104 BM cells (0.38 ± 0.21 × 103/1.64 ± 0.50 ×103/μl; p = 0.024). Of importance, using limiting numbers of BM cells (2.5 × 104) for transplantation, isoproterenol treatment markedly improved the survival (median survival time 10 vs 18 days, percent survival at 4 weeks post-BMT 5.8 vs 35.2%; p = 0.0097). These results indicate that the circadian timing of donor cell infusion and/or manipulation of adrenergic signals in the BM microenvironment may improve transplantation outcome through enhanced engraftment efficiency. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Southeast Alaska Sperm Whale Avoidance Project (SEASWAP): a successful collaboration among scientists and industry to study depredation in Alaskan waters

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1598-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Straley ◽  
Victoria O'Connell ◽  
Joe Liddle ◽  
Aaron Thode ◽  
Lauren Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Whale ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Vessel Area ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Successful Collaboration

Abstract In Alaskan waters, depredation on sablefish longline gear by sperm whales increases harvesting cost, negatively biases stock assessments, and presents a risk of entanglement for whales. The Southeast Alaska Sperm Whale Avoidance Project (SEASWAP), a collaborative effort involving industry, scientists, and managers, since 2003 has undertaken research to evaluate depredation with a goal of recommending measures to reduce interactions. Prior to 2003, little was known about sperm whale distribution and behaviour in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Although fishers were reporting increasing interactions, the level of depredation varied with no apparent predictor of occurrence across vessels. Between 2003 and 2007, fishers were provided with fishery logbooks and recorded information on whale behaviour, whale presence and absence, during the set, soak, and haul for 319 sets in the GOA. Data were evaluated for a vessel, area, and seasonal (month) effect in the presence and absence of sperm whales. Using catch per unit effort (cpue) as a metric, in kg/100 hooks, results indicated that depredation depended on both the vessel and the area. More whales associated with vessels from April to August. Sperm whales were also likely to be present when cpue was high, revealing that whales and fishers both knew the most productive fishing areas, but confounding the use of cpue as a metric for depredation. Using a Bayesian mark-recapture analysis and the sightings histories of photo-identified whales, an estimated Nˆ=135 (95% CI 124, 153) sperm whales were associating with vessels in 2014. A spatial model was fitted to 319 longline sets and quantified a 3% loss in cpue, comparable to other global studies on sperm whale depredation. Through all phases of SEASWAP, our understanding of depredation has gained significantly. This successful collaboration should be considered as a model to create partnerships and build collaborations between researchers and fisherpeople encountering marine mammal interactions with fishing gear.

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