PART V DISEASE-SPECIFIC MULTIDISCIPLINARY MANAGEMENT 13a Astrocytic tumors, low-grade: general considerations

2004 ◽  
pp. 273-286
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Multidisciplinary Management ◽  
Astrocytic Tumors ◽  
Disease Specific

Prognostic histopathologic features of canine glial tumors

2021 ◽  
pp. 030098582110257
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Merickel ◽  
G. Elizabeth Pluhar ◽  
Aaron Rendahl ◽  
M. Gerard O’Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Astrocytic Tumors ◽  
Translational Model ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Tumor Biopsies ◽  
Prognostic Data

Gliomas are relatively common tumors in aged dogs (especially brachycephalic breeds), and the dog is proving to be useful as a translational model for humans with brain tumors. Hitherto, there is relatively little prognostic data for canine gliomas and none on outcome related to specific histological features. Histologic sections of tumor biopsies from 33 dogs with glioma treated with surgical resection and immunotherapy and 21 whole brains obtained postmortem were reviewed. Tumors were diagnosed as astrocytic, oligodendroglial, or undefined glioma using Comparative Brain Tumor Consortium criteria. Putative features of malignancy were evaluated, namely, mitotic counts, glomeruloid vascularization, and necrosis. For biopsies, dogs with astrocytic tumors lived longer than those with oligodendroglial or undefined tumor types (median survival 743, 205, and 144 days, respectively). Dogs with low-grade gliomas lived longer than those with high-grade gliomas (median survival 734 and 194 days, respectively). Based on analysis of tumor biopsies, low mitotic counts, absence of glomeruloid vascularization, and absence of necrosis correlated with increased survival (median 293, 223, and 220 days, respectively), whereas high mitotic counts, glomeruloid vascularization, and necrosis correlated with poor survival (median 190, 170, and 154 days, respectively). Mitotic count was the only histological feature in biopsy samples that significantly correlated with survival ( P < .05). Whole-brain analyses for those same histologic features had similar and more robust correlations, and were statistically significant for all features ( P < .05). The small size of biopsy samples may explain differences between biopsy and whole-brain tumor data. These findings will allow more accurate prognosis for gliomas.

Analysis of loss of heterozygosity for chromosome 10 in patients with malignant astrocytic tumors: correlation with patient age and survival

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Tada ◽  
Shoji Shiraishi ◽  
Takanori Kamiryo ◽  
Hideo Nakamura ◽  
Hirofumi Hirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Loss Of Heterozygosity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Astrocytic Tumors ◽  
Chromosome 10 ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unfavorable Prognostic Factor ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The most frequent genetic abnormality in human malignant gliomas is loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 10. Candidate genes on chromosome 10 that are associated with the prognosis of patients with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma (GBM) were evaluated. Methods. The authors used 12 fluorescent microsatellite markers on both arms of chromosome 10 to study LOH in 108 primary astrocytic tumors. The LOH on chromosome 10 was observed in 11 (32%) of 34 AAs and 34 (56%) of 61 GBMs. No LOH was detected in 13 low-grade gliomas. Loss of heterozygosity was not detected in any AA in the seven patients younger than 35 years, but it was discovered in 41% of the patients older than 35 years. The prognostic significance of LOH at each locus was evaluated in 89 patients older than 15 years; 33 (37%) had supratentorial AAs and 56 (63%) had supratentorial GBMs. The Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for patient age at surgery, the preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale score, and the extent of surgical resection revealed that LOH on marker D10S209 near the FGFR2 and DMBT1 genes was significantly associated with shorter survival in patients with AA. The LOH on markers D10S215 and D10S541, which contain the PTEN/MMAC1 gene between them, was significantly associated with shorter survival in patients with GBM. Conclusions. In the present study it is found that LOH on chromosome 10 is an age-dependent event for patients with AAs and that LOH on marker D10S209 near the FGFR2 and DMBT1 loci is a significantly unfavorable prognostic factor. It is also reported that LOH on the PTEN/MMAC1 gene is a significantly unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with GBM.

Recurrent gain of chromosome arm 7q in low-grade astrocytic tumors studied by comparative genomic hybridization

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelin Schröck ◽  
Collin Blume ◽  
Marie-Christine Meffert ◽  
Stanislas du Manoir ◽  
Wolf Bersch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomic Hybridization ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Astrocytic Tumors ◽  
Genomic Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Arm

scholarly journals Quantitative High-Resolution CpG Island Mapping with Pyrosequencing™ Reveals Disease-Specific Methylation Patterns of the CDKN2B Gene in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Myeloid Leukemia

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Brakensiek ◽  
Luzie U Wingen ◽  
Florian Länger ◽  
Hans Kreipe ◽  
Ulrich Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Myeloid Malignancies ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
Cdkn2b Gene ◽  
Disease Specific

Abstract Background: Gene silencing through aberrant CpG island methylation is the most extensively analyzed epigenetic event in human tumorigenesis and has huge diagnostic and prognostic potential. Methylation patterns are often very heterogeneous, however, presenting a serious challenge for the development of methylation assays for diagnostic purposes. Methods: We used Pyrosequencing™ technology to determine the methylation status of 68 CpG sites in the CpG island of the CDKN2B gene [cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (p15, inhibits CDK4)], frequently hypermethylated in myeloid malignancies, in a series of bone marrow samples from patients with myelodysplasia and myeloid leukemia (n = 82) and from 32 controls. A total of 7762 individual methylation sites were quantitatively evaluated. Precision and reproducibility of the quantification was evaluated with several overlapping primers. Results: The use of optimized sequencing primers and the new Pyro Q-CpG™ software enabled precise and reproducible quantification with a single sequencing primer of up to 15 CpG sites distributed over ∼100 bp. Extensive statistical analyses of the whole CpG island revealed for the first time disease-specific methylation patterns of the CDKN2B gene in myeloid malignancies and small regions of differential methylation with high discriminatory power that enabled differentiation of even low-grade myelodysplastic syndrome samples from the controls, a result that was confirmed in an independent group of 9 control and 36 patient samples. Conclusion: The precise quantitative methylation mapping of whole CpG islands is now possible with Pyrosequencing software in combination with optimized sequencing primers. This method reveals disease-specific methylation patterns and enables the development of specific diagnostic assays.

Observations on the current treatment of low-grade astrocytic tumors of the cerebral hemispheres

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Piepmeier
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Material ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Astrocytic Tumors ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Definition Of

✓ The records of 60 patients with low-grade astrocytic tumors of the cerebral hemispheres treated between 1975 and 1985 were examined to evaluate the results of current treatment methods. This analysis revealed that the patient's age and tumor enhancement on computerized tomography (CT) with intravenous administration of contrast material were the only factors that influenced survival time. Compared to prior studies, the patients in this report more frequently had normal preoperative neurological examinations and total resection of their lesions. These differences may have resulted from the use of CT scans over the past decade. Earlier diagnosis and improvement definition of the tumor location and extent are two reasons why the use of CT scans may have affected outcome statistics. A re-examination of treatment methods and the timing of those treatments is needed to define the optimal management of these lesions.

Chondrosarcoma of the hands and feet

2021 ◽  
Vol 103-B (3) ◽  
pp. 562-568
Author(s):  
Gilber Kask ◽  
Minna K. Laitinen ◽  
Jonathan Stevenson ◽  
Scott Evans ◽  
Lee M. Jeys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Disease Specific Survival ◽  
Metatarsal Bones ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Disease Specific

Aims Although chondrosarcomas (CSs) display true malignant features, including local recurrence (LR) and metastases, their behaviour in the hands and feet is thought to differ from that in other parts of the axial and appendicular skeleton by having a lower metastatic potential. The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease-specific and surgical factors that affect the local and systemic prognosis of CS of the hands and feet. Methods A multicentre retrospective study was carried out at two tertiary sarcoma centres. A database search identified all patients with a CS treated between January 1995 and January 2018. There were 810 CSs of which 76 (9.4%) were located in the fingers, toes, metacarpals, and metatarsal bones. Results The median age of the study population was 55 years (36 to 68) with a median follow-up of 52 months (22 to 87) months. Overall, 70% of the tumours were in the hand (n = 54) and 30% in the foot (n = 22). Predictors for LR were margin (p = 0.011), anatomical location (p = 0.017), and method of surgical management (p = 0.003). Anatomical location (p = 0.026), histological grade between 1 and 3 (p = 0.004) or 2 and 3 (p = 0.016), and surgical management (p = 0.001) were significant factors for LR-free survival. Disease-specific survival was affected by histological grade (p < 0.001), but not by LR (p = 0.397). Conclusion Intralesional curettage of a low-grade CS is associated with an increased risk of LR, but LR does not affect disease-specific survival. Therefore, for low-grade CSs of the hands and feet, surgical management should aim to preserve function. In grade 2 CS, our study did not show any decreased disease-specific survival after recurrence; however, we suggest a more aggressive surgical approach to these tumours to prevent local recurrence, especially in the metacarpal and metatarsal bones. In high-grade tumours, the incidence of progressive disease is high and, therefore, the treatment of the primary tumour should be aggressive where possible, and patients observed closely for the development of metastatic disease. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):562–568.

Discrimination between low-grade oligodendrogliomas and diffuse astrocytoma with the aid of 11C-methionine positron emission tomography

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 1640-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsuki Shinozaki ◽  
Yoshio Uchino ◽  
Kyosan Yoshikawa ◽  
Tomoo Matsutani ◽  
Azusa Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Astrocytic Tumors ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Oligodendroglial Tumors ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grade Iii

Object The diagnostic usefulness of 11C-methionine PET scans in gliomas is still controversial. The authors investigated the clinical significance of 11C-methionine PET findings in preoperative diagnosis of histological type and grade. Methods The tissue uptake of 11C-methionine was assessed using PET in 70 patients with histologically confirmed intracerebral gliomas. The ratio of maximum standard uptake values in tumor areas to the mean standard uptake values in the contralateral normal brain tissue (tumor/normal tissue [T/N] ratio) was calculated and correlated with tumor type, histological grade, contrast enhancement on MR imaging, Ki 67 labeling index, and 1p/19q status. Results The T/N ratio was significantly increased as tumor grade advanced in astrocytic tumors (WHO Grade II vs Grade III, p = 0.0011; Grade III vs Grade IV, p = 0.0007). Among Grade II gliomas, the mean T/N ratio was significantly higher in oligodendroglial tumors than in diffuse astrocytomas (DAs) (p < 0.0001). All T/N ratios for oligodendroglial tumors were ≥ 1.46, and those for DA were consistently < 1.46, with the exception of 2 cases of gemistocytic astrocytoma. The Ki 67 labeling index significantly correlated with T/N ratio in astrocytic tumors, but not in oligodendrogliomas. Oligodendroglial tumors without 1p/19q deletion had a significantly higher T/N ratio than those with the codeletion. In combination with Gd-enhanced MR imaging, 67% of nonenhanced tumors with a T/N ratio of ≥ 1.46 were proved to be Grade II oligodendrogliomas. Conclusions These results clearly show that 11C-methionine PET T/N ratios in Grade II oligodendrogliomas were higher than those in DAs independently of their proliferative activity. This information contributes to preoperative differential diagnoses of histological type, especially in suspected low-grade gliomas.

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