Pathology of Neurological Abnormality in Early Life

Motor Development of Triplets: A Japanese Prospective Cohort Study

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1375/twin.14.2.185 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 185-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yoshie Yokoyama ◽

Masako Sugimoto ◽

Yu Miyake ◽

Jun Sono ◽

Kenge Mizukami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Motor Development ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Early Life ◽

Postal Questionnaire ◽

Multiple Birth ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Neurological Abnormality ◽

Related Factors

We analyzed whether motor development in early life is different between singletons and triplets in Japan. The motor development was reported by mothers by postal questionnaire for 1,121 triplet children and in regular health check-ups for 13,906 singleton children. Children who were suspected of having neurological abnormality or disability were excluded from the analysis. The ages of milestone achievements were significantly higher in triplets for each outcome compared to singletons. Further, after adjustment for gestational age, birthweight, and birth length, the differences were significant for maintaining head, sitting alone and standing holding on. In children with birthweight of 2 kg or more, the ages of milestone achievements were significantly higher in triplets for each outcome compared to singletons, except walking holding on. Moreover, after adjustment for the confounding factors, the differences were significant for sitting alone and walking independently. On the contrary, singletons attained motor development facilitating crawling, walking holding on, and walking independently slower than triplets among those children with birthweight of 2 kg or less after adjustment for gestational age. In conclusion, triplets are overall at higher risk for the delay of gross motor milestones as compared to singletons independently of birth-related factors. In contrast, among children with a birthweight of less than 2 kg, singletons showed slower motor development than triplets after adjusting for gestational age. There is an obvious need to apply developmental standards that consider at least both multiple birth status (singleton, twin or triplet) and birthweight.

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Comparison of Motor Development Between Twins and Singletons in Japan: A Population-Based Study

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1375/twin.10.2.379 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 379-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yoshie Yokoyama ◽

Saeko Wada ◽

Masako Sugimoto ◽

Miyuki Saito ◽

Miyoko Matsubara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Motor Development ◽

Early Life ◽

Confounding Factor ◽

Population Based ◽

Developmental Outcome ◽

Neurological Abnormality ◽

Population Based Study ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

AbstractThis study was performed using population-based data to analyze whether motor development in early life is different between singletons and twins in Japan. For better comparison and investigation, we divided the 2 groups into a group with a birthweight of 2.5 kg or greater (subgroup A) and a group with a birthweight of less than 2.5 kg (subgroup B), respectively. We analyzed the database of medical check-ups for children aged 3 years between April 2001 and July 2004. They received medical checkups at 4 months, 1.5, and 3 years of age. Children who were suspected of having neurological abnormality or disability were referred to specialists and excluded from the database. The data of 14,132 children were analyzed. Among these, 13,040 (92.3%) children were singletons in subgroup A, 75 (0.5%) were twins in subgroup A, 866 (6.1%) were singletons in subgroup B and 151 (1.1%) were twins in subgroup B. The mean age at achieving milestones was slower in twins of subgroup A for each developmental outcome than singletons of subgroup A, and the difference between twins and singletons was significant after adjustment for rolling over. On the contrary, after adjusting for a confounding factor (gestational age), singletons of subgroup B attained motor development facilitating walking independently slower than twins of subgroup B. There were different tendencies in the results regarding the motor development of subjects of subgroup A and that of subjects of subgroup B.

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The Early Life of Thomas Hardy 1840–1891

10.1017/cbo9781139060776 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Florence Emily Hardy

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Thomas Hardy

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Chemically Contaminated Eel Fed to Pregnant and Lactating Mouse Dams Causes Hyperactivity in Their Offspring

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000288 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (1-2) ◽

pp. 36-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Imen Dridi ◽

Nidhal Soualeh ◽

Torsten Bohn ◽

Rachid Soulimani ◽

Jaouad Bouayed

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Early Life ◽

Home Cage ◽

Anguilla Anguilla ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Early Life Exposure ◽

Cage Test

Abstract.This study examined whether perinatal exposure to polluted eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) induces changes in the locomotor activity of offspring mice across lifespan (post-natal days (PNDs) 47 – 329), using the open field and the home cage activity tests. Dams were exposed during gestation and lactation, through diets enriched in eels naturally contaminated with pollutants including PCBs. Analysis of the eel muscle focused on the six non-dioxin-like (NDL) indicator PCBs (Σ6 NDL-PCBs: 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180). Four groups of dams (n = 10 per group) received either a standard diet without eels or eels (0.8 mg/kg/day) containing 85, 216, or 400 ng/kg/day of ϵ6 NDL-PCBs. The open field test showed that early-life exposure to polluted eels increased locomotion in female offspring of exposed dams but not in males, compared to controls. This hyperlocomotion appeared later in life, at PNDs 195 and 329 (up to 32 % increase, p < 0.05). In addition, overactivity was observed in the home cage test at PND 305: exposed offspring females showed a faster overall locomotion speed (3.6 – 4.2 cm/s) than controls (2.9 cm/s, p <0.05); again, males remained unaffected. Covered distances in the home cage test were only elevated significantly in offspring females exposed to highest PCB concentrations (3411 ± 590 cm vs. 1377 ± 114 cm, p < 0.001). These results suggest that early-life exposure to polluted eels containing dietary contaminants including PCBs caused late, persistent and gender-dependent neurobehavioral hyperactive effects in offspring mice. Furthermore, female hyperactivity was associated with a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex.

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