Experimental Techniques to Determine Three-Dimensional Structures

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Techniques

A Numerical Model of Adhesion Property of Malaria Infected Red Blood Cells in Micro Scale Blood Flows

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohsuke Imai ◽  
Hitoshi Kondo ◽  
Young Ho Kang ◽  
Takuji Ishikawa ◽  
Chwee Teck Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Micro Channels ◽  
Adhesive Interactions

Infection by malaria parasite changes mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBCs). Infected red blood cells (IRBCs) lose the deformability but also develop the ability to cytoadhere and rosetting. These outcomes can lead to microvascular blockage [1]. The stiffness of IRBCs [2] and its effects on the flow in micro channels [3] were studied with recent experimental techniques. The cytoadherence and rosetting properties of IRBCs have also been studied experimentally. The cytoadherence is mediated by the interaction of the parasite protein PfEMP1 with several endothelial adhesion molecules, such as CD36, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) [4]. In particular, the ligand-receptor interaction between PfEMP1 and CD36 shows tight adhesion [5]. Microvascular blockage may be a hemodynamic problem, involving the interactions between IRBCs, healthy RBCs (HRBCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) in flowing blood, but however experimental techniques have several limitations to this topic. First, it is still difficult to observe the RBC behavior interacting with many other cells even with the recent confocal microscopy. Second, the three-dimensional information on flow field is hardly obtained. Third, capillaries in human body are circular channels with complex geometry, but such complex channels cannot be created in micro scale. Instead, numerical modeling can overcome these problems. We presented a two-dimensional hemodynamic model involving adhesive interactions [6]. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional model of the adhesive interactions for micro scale hemodynamics in malaria infection.

A numerical investigation of post-yield fracture

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
M F Light ◽  
A R Luxmoore
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Stress Fields ◽  
Published Data ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Yield Conditions

The stress fields around cracks have been calculated for general yield conditions using two- and three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite-element programmes. These programmes were used to evaluate the Rice J-integral, and compare the values with published data obtained by experimental techniques.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Materials Science: An Intersection of Three-Dimensional Reconstructions and Simulations

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyo Thornton ◽  
Henning Friis Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
3D Simulations ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Introductory Article

AbstractThe recent development of experimental techniques that rapidly reconstruct the three-dimensional microstructures of solids has given rise to new possibilities for developing a deeper understanding of the evolution of microstructures and the effects of microstructures on materials properties. Combined with three-dimensional (3D) simulations and analyses that are capable of handling the complexity of these microstructures, 3D reconstruction, or tomography, has become a powerful tool that provides clear insights into materials processing and properties. This introductory article provides an overview of this emerging field of materials science, as well as brief descriptions of selected methods and their applicability.

Advances in the three-dimensional hydroelasticity of ships

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y-S Wu ◽  
W-C Cui
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Floating Structure ◽  
Marine Structure ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Speed Effect ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Surrounding Fluid

The study of hydroelasticity of ships first gained momentum in the late 1970s with the work of Bishop and Price, who established the two-dimensional (2D) hydroelasticity theory of ships. The concept and basic principle presented in their work to embody the structure and the surrounding fluid as a coupled entirety was further employed and extended in the creation of the general linear three-dimensional (3D) theory of hydroelasticity for an arbitrary shaped flexible marine structure travelling with a forward speed in a seaway in the middle of 1980s (Wu, 1984; Price and Wu, 1985a; Bishop et al., 1986). Since then, great progress has been achieved in the development and application of 3D hydroelasticity theories. These include the more rigorous methods of frequency-domain linear analysis accounting for the forward speed effect and the steady flow effect, the time-domain linear 3D theory, the non-linear 3D theory and the numerical methods for a floating structure travelling in rough seas with large motions, experimental techniques of 3D flexible ship models, the hydroelasticity-based design and safety assessment, etc. This paper presents an overview of these developments and achievements of linear and non-linear 3D hydroelasticity theories of ships, and the corresponding numerical and experimental techniques.

The orbit of Pluto over a long interval of time

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Orbit ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circular Restricted Problem ◽  
Resonance Relation

The paper presents a summary of the results obtained by C. J. Cohen and E. C. Hubbard, who established by numerical integration that a resonance relation exists between the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. The problem may be explored further by approximating the motion of Pluto by that of a particle with negligible mass in the three-dimensional (circular) restricted problem. The mass of Pluto and the eccentricity of Neptune's orbit are ignored in this approximation. Significant features of the problem appear to be the presence of two critical arguments and the possibility that the orbit may be related to a periodic orbit of the third kind.

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