Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Steel Buildings

Background: Modular steel buildings (MSB) are extensively used in petrochemical plants and refineries. Limited guidelines are available in the industry for analysis and design of (MSB) subject to accidental vapor cloud explosions (VCEs). Objectives: The paper presents simplified engineering model for modular steel buildings (MSB) subject to accidental vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) that are extensively used in petrochemical plants and refineries. Method: A Single degree of freedom (SDOF) dynamic model is utilized to simulate the dynamic response of primary building components. Analytical expressions are then provided to compute the dynamic load factors (DLF) for critical building elements. Recommended foundation systems are also proposed to install the modular building with minimum cost. Results: Numerical results are presented to illustrate the dynamic response of (MSB) subject to blast loading. It is shown that (DLF)=1.6 is attained at (td/t)=0.4 for front wall (W1) with (td/T)=1.25. For side walls (DLF)=1.41 and is attained at (td/t)=0.6. Conclusions: The paper presented simplified tools for analysis and design of (MSB) subject accidental vapor cloud blast explosions (VCEs). The analytical expressions can be utilized by practitioners to compute the (MSB) response and identify the design parameters. They are simple to use compared to Finite Element Analysis.

Download Full-text

Broadband Strong-Motion Prediction for Future Nankai-Trough Earthquakes Using Statistical Green’s Function Method and Subsequent Building Damage Evaluation

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11157041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 7041

Author(s):

Baoyintu Baoyintu ◽

Naren Mandula ◽

Hiroshi Kawase

Keyword(s):

Green’S Function ◽

Green's Function ◽

Nankai Trough ◽

Ground Motions ◽

Building Damage ◽

Steel Buildings ◽

Ground Acceleration ◽

Attenuation Relations ◽

Strong Ground Motions ◽

Strong Ground

We used the Green’s function summation method together with the randomly perturbed asperity sources to sum up broadband statistical Green’s functions of a moderate-size source and predict strong ground motions due to the expected M8.1 to 8.7 Nankai-Trough earthquakes along the southern coast of western Japan. We successfully simulated seismic intensity distributions similar to the past earthquakes and strong ground motions similar to the empirical attenuation relations of peak ground acceleration and velocity. Using these results, we predicted building damage by non-linear response analyses and find that at the regions close to the source, as well as regions with relatively thick, soft sediments such as the shoreline and alluvium valleys along the rivers, there is a possibility of severe damage regardless of the types of buildings. Moreover, the predicted damage ratios for buildings built before 1981 are much higher than those built after because of the significant code modifications in 1981. We also find that the damage ratio is highest for steel buildings, followed by wooden houses, and then reinforced concrete buildings.

Download Full-text

Seismic evaluation of single-storey steel buildings

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l99-002 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 379-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M S Medhekar ◽

DJL Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Seismic Performance ◽

Response Spectrum ◽

Time History ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Steel Buildings ◽

Concentrically Braced Frames ◽

Braced Frame ◽

Seismic Zones ◽

Concentrically Braced Frame ◽

Concentrically Braced

The seismic performance of single-storey steel buildings, with concentrically braced frames and a roof diaphragm that acts structurally, is evaluated. The buildings are designed in accordance with the National Building Code of Canada 1995 and CSA Standard S16.1-94 for five seismic zones in western Canada with seismicities ranging from low to high. Only frames designed with a force modification factor of 1.5 are considered. Analytical models of the building are developed, which consider the nonlinear seismic behaviour of the concentrically braced frame, the strength and stiffness contributions of the cladding, and the flexibility, strength, and distributed mass of the roof diaphragm. The seismic response of the models is assessed by means of a linear static analysis, a response spectrum analysis, a nonlinear static or "pushover" analysis, and nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. The results indicate that current design procedures provide a reasonable estimate of the drift and brace ductility demand, but do not ensure that yielding is restricted to the braces. Moreover, in moderate and high seismic zones, the roof diaphragm responds inelastically and brace connections are overloaded. Recommendations are made to improve the seismic performance of such buildings.Key words: analyses, concentrically braced frame, dynamic, earthquake, flexible diaphragm, low-rise, nonlinear, seismic design, steel.

Download Full-text

Mitigating the seismic pounding of multi-story buildings in series using linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s43452-021-00249-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Hytham Elwardany ◽

Robert Jankowski ◽

Ayman Seleemah

Keyword(s):

Substantial Improvement ◽

Point Of View ◽

Steel Buildings ◽

Viscous Dampers ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Fluid Viscous Dampers ◽

Adjacent Buildings ◽

In Series ◽

Linear And Nonlinear ◽

Nonlinear Fluid

AbstractSeismic-induced pounding between adjacent buildings may have serious consequences, ranging from minor damage up to total collapse. Therefore, researchers try to mitigate the pounding problem using different methods, such as coupling the adjacent buildings with stiff beams, connecting them using viscoelastic links, and installing damping devices in each building individually. In the current paper, the effect of using linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers to mitigate the mutual pounding between a series of structures is investigated. Nonlinear finite-element analysis of a series of adjacent steel buildings equipped with damping devices was conducted. Contact surfaces with both contactor and target were used to model the mutual pounding. The results indicate that the use of linear or nonlinear dampers leads to the significant reduction in the response of adjacent buildings in series. Moreover, the substantial improvement of the performance of buildings has been observed for almost all stories. From the design point of view, it is concluded that dampers implemented in adjacent buildings should be designed to resist maximum force of 6.20 or 1.90 times the design independent force in the case of using linear or nonlinear fluid viscous dampers, respectively. Also, designers should pay attention to the design of the structural elements surrounding dampers, because considerable forces due to pounding may occur in the dampers at the maximum displaced position of the structure.

Download Full-text