DHEA Antiviral Properties in Cell Cultures and Animal Models

2011 ◽  
pp. 321-332
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Cultures

scholarly journals Lethal mutagenesis of Rift Valley fever virus induced by favipiravir

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Borrego ◽  
Ana I. de Ávila ◽  
Esteban Domingo ◽  
Alejandro Brun
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Lethal Mutagenesis

ABSTRACTRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne, zoonotic pathogen with recurrent outbreaks paying a considerable toll of human deaths in many African countries, for which no effective treatment is available. In cell culture studies and with laboratory animal models, the nucleoside analogue favipiravir (T-705) has demonstrated great potential for the treatment of several seasonal, chronic and emerging RNA virus infections of humans, suggesting applicability to control some viral outbreaks. Treatment with favipiravir was shown to reduce the infectivity of Rift Valley fever virus both in cell cultures and in experimental animal models, but the mechanism of this protective effect is not understood. In this work we show that favipiravir at concentrations well below the toxicity threshold estimated for cells is able to extinguish RVFV from infected cell cultures. Nucleotide sequence analysis has documented RVFV mutagenesis associated with virus extinction, with a significant increase in G to A and C to U transition frequencies, and a decrease of specific infectivity, hallmarks of lethal mutagenesis.

scholarly journals A nanobody-based fluorescent reporter reveals human α-synuclein in the cell cytosol

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Gerdes ◽  
Natalia Waal ◽  
Thomas Offner ◽  
Eugenio F. Fornasiero ◽  
Nora Wender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Fluorescent Reporter ◽  
Human Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cell Cytosol

ABSTRACTAggregation and spreading of α-Synuclein (αSyn) are hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases, thus monitoring human αSyn (hαSyn) in animal models or cell cultures is vital for the field. However, the detection of native hαSyn in such systems is challenging. We found that the nanobody NbSyn87, previously-described to bind hαSyn, also shows cross-reactivity for the proteasomal subunit Rpn10. As such, when the NbSyn87 is expressed in the absence of hαSyn, it is continuously degraded by the proteasome, while it is stabilized when it binds to hαSyn. Here, we exploited this feature to design a new Fluorescent Reporter for hαSyn (FluoReSyn) by coupling NbSyn87 to fluorescent proteins, which results in fluorescence signal fluctuations depending on the presence and amounts of intracellular hαSyn. We characterized this biosensor in cells and tissues, and finally, revealed the presence of transmittable αSyn in human cerebrospinal fluid demonstrating the potential of FluoReSyn for clinical research and diagnostics.

scholarly journals Botanical Compounds: Effects on Major Eye Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan-Phat Huynh ◽  
Shivani N. Mann ◽  
Nawajes A. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

Botanical compounds have been widely used throughout history as cures for various diseases and ailments. Many of these compounds exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. These are also common damaging mechanisms apparent in several ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, and retinitis pigmentosa. In recent years, there have been many epidemiological and clinical studies that have demonstrated the beneficial effects of plant-derived compounds, such as curcumin, lutein and zeaxanthin, danshen, ginseng, and many more, on these ocular pathologies. Studies in cell cultures and animal models showed promising results for their uses in eye diseases. While there are many apparent significant correlations, further investigation is needed to uncover the mechanistic pathways of these botanical compounds in order to reach widespread pharmaceutical use and provide noninvasive alternatives for prevention and treatments of the major eye diseases.

scholarly journals The Involvement of Phospholipases A2in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Pniewska ◽  
Rafal Pawliczak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

The increased morbidity, mortality, and ineffective treatment associated with the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have generated much research interest. The key role is played by phospholipases from the A2superfamily: enzymes which are involved in inflammation through participation in pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators production and have an impact on many immunocompetent cells. The 30 members of the A2superfamily are divided into 7 groups. Their role in asthma and COPD has been studiedin vitroandin vivo(animal models, cell cultures, and patients). This paper contains complete and updated information about the involvement of particular enzymes in the etiology and course of asthma and COPD.

Housekeeping gene expression in myogenic cell cultures from neurodegeneration and denervation animal models

2011 ◽  
Vol 407 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Manzano ◽  
Janne M. Toivonen ◽  
Ana C. Calvo ◽  
Maria Jesús Muñoz ◽  
Pilar Zaragoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Myogenic Cell

Regulation of the Angiotensin Receptor Subtypes in Cell Cultures, Animal Models and Human Diseases

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (suppl D) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Regitz-Zagrosek ◽  
W. Auch-Schwelk ◽  
M. Neuss ◽  
E. Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor

Retina in a dish: Cell cultures, retinal explants and animal models for common diseases of the retina

2020 ◽  
pp. 100880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Schnichels ◽  
François Paquet-Durand ◽  
Marina Löscher ◽  
Teresa Tsai ◽  
José Hurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Retinal Explants

scholarly journals Novel mechanism of action for neuronal let-7b-5p in neonatal encephalopathy through the Hippo pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vennila Ponnusamy ◽  
Richard Ip ◽  
Moumin Mohamed ◽  
Paul Clarke ◽  
Eva Wozniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Neonatal Encephalopathy ◽  
Perinatal Brain Injury ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Hippo Pathway

Abstract Despite increasing knowledge on microRNAs, their role in the pathogenesis of neonatal encephalopathy remains to be elucidated. Herein, we identify let-7b-5p as a significant microRNA in neonates with moderate to severe encephalopathy from the dried blood spots using unbiased microRNA next generation sequencing. Validation studies using Reverse Transcription and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction on 45 neonates showed that let-7b-5p expression was increased on day 1 in neonates with moderate to severe encephalopathy with unfavourable outcome when compared to those with mild encephalopathy. Mechanistic studies performed on glucose deprived cell cultures and the cerebral cortex of two animal models of perinatal brain injury, namely hypoxic-ischaemic and intrauterine inflammation models confirm that let-7b-5p is associated with the apoptotic Hippo pathway. Significant reduction in neuronal let-7b-5p expression corresponded with activated Hippo pathway, with increased neuronal/nuclear ratio of Yes Associated Protein (YAP) and increased neuronal cleaved caspase-3 expression in both animal models. Similar results were noted for let-7b-5p and YAP expression in glucose-deprived cell cultures. Reduced nuclear YAP with decreased intracellular let-7b-5p correlated with neuronal apoptosis in conditions of metabolic stress. This novel finding of the Hippo-YAP-let-7b axis needs validation in larger cohorts and other models to further our knowledge on let-7b-5p as a biomarker for neonatal encephalopathy.

scholarly journals Lethal Mutagenesis of Rift Valley Fever Virus Induced by Favipiravir

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Borrego ◽  
Ana I. de Ávila ◽  
Esteban Domingo ◽  
Alejandro Brun
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Lethal Mutagenesis

ABSTRACT Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne, zoonotic pathogen with recurrent outbreaks taking a considerable toll in human deaths in many African countries, for which no effective treatment is available. In cell culture studies and with laboratory animal models, the nucleoside analogue favipiravir (T-705) has demonstrated great potential for the treatment of several seasonal, chronic, and emerging RNA virus infections in humans, suggesting applicability to control some viral outbreaks. Treatment with favipiravir was shown to reduce the infectivity of Rift Valley fever virus both in cell cultures and in experimental animal models, but the mechanism of this protective effect is not understood. In this work, we show that favipiravir at concentrations well below the toxicity threshold estimated for cells is able to extinguish RVFV from infected cell cultures. Nucleotide sequence analysis has documented RVFV mutagenesis associated with virus extinction, with a significant increase in G to A and C to U transition frequencies and a decrease of specific infectivity, hallmarks of lethal mutagenesis.

Naltrexone’s Impact on Cancer Progression and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Studies in Humans, Animal Models, and Cell Cultures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Liubchenko ◽  
Kevin Kordbacheh ◽  
Nika Khajehdehi ◽  
Tanja Visnjevac ◽  
Frederick Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cell Cultures
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