Human Perception and Information Processing

2010 ◽  
pp. 92-147
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Perception

scholarly journals Preserved capacity for learning statistical regularities and directing selective attention after hippocampal lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (39) ◽  
pp. 19705-19710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuttida Rungratsameetaweemana ◽  
Larry R. Squire ◽  
John T. Serences
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Hippocampal Lesions ◽  
Perceptual Performance ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
Probabilistic Structure ◽  
Sensory Evidence ◽  
Task Conditions

Prior knowledge about the probabilistic structure of visual environments is necessary to resolve ambiguous information about objects in the world. Expectations based on stimulus regularities exert a powerful influence on human perception and decision making by improving the efficiency of information processing. Another type of prior knowledge, termed top-down attention, can also improve perceptual performance by facilitating the selective processing of relevant over irrelevant information. While much is known about attention, the mechanisms that support expectations about statistical regularities are not well-understood. The hippocampus has been implicated as a key structure involved in or perhaps necessary for the learning of statistical regularities, consistent with its role in various kinds of learning and memory. Here, we tested this hypothesis using a motion discrimination task in which we manipulated the most likely direction of motion, the degree of attention afforded to the relevant stimulus, and the amount of available sensory evidence. We tested memory-impaired patients with bilateral damage to the hippocampus and compared their performance with controls. Despite a modest slowing in response initiation across all task conditions, patients performed similar to controls. Like controls, patients exhibited a tendency to respond faster and more accurately when the motion direction was more probable, the stimulus was better attended, and more sensory evidence was available. Together, these findings demonstrate a robust, hippocampus-independent capacity for learning statistical regularities in the sensory environment in order to improve information processing.

scholarly journals Advances in the Neurocognition of Music and Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Daniela Sammler ◽  
Stefan Elmer
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Music And Language ◽  
Language Research

Neurocomparative music and language research has seen major advances over the past two decades. The goal of this Special Issue “Advances in the Neurocognition of Music and Language” was to showcase the multiple neural analogies between musical and linguistic information processing, their entwined organization in human perception and cognition and to infer the applicability of the combined knowledge in pedagogy and therapy. Here, we summarize the main insights provided by the contributions and integrate them into current frameworks of rhythm processing, neuronal entrainment, predictive coding and cognitive control.

scholarly journals Visual Data Mining for Multimedia Databases

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 277-279
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Multimedia Databases ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Visual Data ◽  
Visual Data Mining ◽  
Data Mining Algorithms ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Visualization Techniques

With computers and communication dominating technology in different fields, the need to look for media-based information processing, MBIP –rather than data-based information processing, DBIP- is increasingly being felt and this is compounded by the explosive developments in cellular communication, which brought computing and interaction on the move. The basis is to explore possibilities of using conventional data-mining approaches with visualization and object orientation so that human interaction is easier. Data Mining involves exploring databases to try and discover data relationships which are not explicitly stored with in the databases. Traditional techniques involve statistical analysis, clustering and pattern matching. Many current efforts are underway to integrate visualization in to this process. Visual data mining is a novel approach to data mining. The aim is to combine traditional data mining algorithms with information visualization techniques to utilize the advantages of both approaches. The utilization of both automatic analysis methods and human perception/understanding promises better and more effective data exploration. Visualization is a key process in visual data mining. Here the focus is on the presentation of all aspect of multimedia objects, their identification, their analysis and relationships.

scholarly journals A practice of information processing by rearranging matrix of Jacques Bertin – application of diagram in environmental color workshop

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Qifan Huang ◽  
Akiyo Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Visual Variables ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Students First ◽  
October 17 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The goal of this research is to apply diagrams to environmental color studies. The experience of environmental color is not only visual experience, but also the relationship of the color and the form of the object, the material, the place, the human perception experience. Diagrams records these factors along with the human perception experiences. These diagrams make it possible to study and analyze environmental color more deeply and more easily. In this paper, we first reviewed the "case studies of environmental color workshops" and "theory of information processing by rearranging matrix of Jacques Bertin" which are related to this research. Next, we conducted an environmental color workshop and evaluated the application of diagrams at workshop by students and experts (design teachers and designers). As a result, we confirmed that the diagrams proposed by us are effective for the environmental color workshop. In particular, it was confirmed that these diagrams are effective for group discussion (analysis).</p><p>The workshop was held at the South China University of Technology (Guangzhou, China) on October 14 – October 17, 2016 (Figure.1). The participants were 5 students. First, students walked along a path near the natural lake in the campus and recorded the observed color objects and their perception experiences. Next, the students (A, B, C, D, E) entered the observation results into the matrix type diagram (a) (Figure.2). In diagram (a), the colors observed by each student were displayed on the left side of the observation route, and the photographs of the color objects, the perception experiences on the color objects, and the landscape photographs of the observation place were arranged on the right side of the observation route. Next, according to Jacques Bertin's theory (visual variables and rearrangement of the matrix), diagram (a) was transformed into diagram (b) (Figure.3) and group discussion and information analysis were carried out. In diagram (b), color objects are represented as "rows", and various attributes of color objects as "columns". The attributes of color objects are the keywords extracted from the "perception experiences for color objects" in diagram (a). In the notation of visual variables, ordinary impression was displayed as gray dot, good impression was displayed as orange dot, bad impression was indicated as blue dot, and the number of observers was indicated by the size of the dot. Looking at Figure.3-left, the most common thing is finding color objects by "brightness", and the number of observers who recorded the "brightness" of bicycle is the largest. By rearranging the matrix in diagram (b), we found that the color objects can be divided into "gray", "white" and "yellow" (Figure.3-middle), there were many good impressions for "yellow and white (flowers)", and there were many bad impressions for "gray and white (street lights)" (Figure.3-right).</p>

scholarly journals Modem hypermedia systems, which encompass the ability to adapt to the properties of human memory and cognition

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Piotr Woźniak ◽  
Edward J. Gorzelańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Knowledge Retention ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Knowledge Access ◽  
Developing Knowledge

In this article we would like to show the need for developing knowledge access systems that can account for the imperfections in human perception, information processing and memory (Higgins et al., 1996). The implementation of such systems will result in enormous savings in the process of learning at all three stages of knowledge acquisition (by the mind): (1) access knowledge to, (2) learning and (3) knowledge retention (Clark et al., 1997). In particular, we will try to stress the importance of repetition spacing algorithms (Woźniak and Gorzelańczyk, 1994), as well as the importance of (1) (2) and the application of the newly introduced concept of processing, ordinal attributes in hypertext documents, semantics (Wiesman et al., 1997; Gillham, 1988).

Language processing is not a race against time

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Baggio ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Language System ◽  
Moderating Factors

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.

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