scholarly journals Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses of Human and Organizational Risks in Fire Safety Systems for High-Rise Residential Buildings with Probabilistic T-H-O-Risk Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Samson Tan ◽  
Darryl Weinert ◽  
Paul Joseph ◽  
Khalid Moinuddin
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fire Engineering ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
Uncertainty Analyses ◽  
Risk Methodology ◽  
Probabilistic Risk

Given that existing fire risk models often ignore human and organizational errors (HOEs) ultimately leading to underestimation of risks by as much as 80%, this study employs a technical-human-organizational risk (T-H-O-Risk) methodology to address knowledge gaps in current state-of-the-art probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) for high-rise residential buildings with the following goals: (1) Develop an improved PRA methodology to address concerns that deterministic, fire engineering approaches significantly underestimate safety levels that lead to inaccurate fire safety levels. (2) Enhance existing fire safety verification methods by incorporating probabilistic risk approach and HOEs for (i) a more inclusive view of risk, and (ii) to overcome the deterministic nature of current verification methods. (3) Perform comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty analyses to address uncertainties in numerical estimates used in fault tree/event trees, Bayesian network and system dynamics and their propagation in a probabilistic model. (4) Quantification of human and organizational risks for high-rise residential buildings which contributes towards a policy agenda in the direction of a sustainable, risk-based regulatory regime. This research contributes to the development of the next-generation building codes and risk assessment methodologies.

scholarly journals Review on the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Predict Fire Performance of Construction Materials and Their Flame Retardancy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Hoang T. Nguyen ◽  
Kate T. Q. Nguyen ◽  
Tu C. Le ◽  
Guomin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Fire Engineering

The evaluation and interpretation of the behavior of construction materials under fire conditions have been complicated. Over the last few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a reliable method to tackle this engineering problem. This review summarizes existing studies that applied AI to predict the fire performance of different construction materials (e.g., concrete, steel, timber, and composites). The prediction of the flame retardancy of some structural components such as beams, columns, slabs, and connections by utilizing AI-based models is also discussed. The end of this review offers insights on the advantages, existing challenges, and recommendations for the development of AI techniques used to evaluate the fire performance of construction materials and their flame retardancy. This review offers a comprehensive overview to researchers in the fields of fire engineering and material science, and it encourages them to explore and consider the use of AI in future research projects.

Effects of Wind on the Heat Flow of FPSO Topsides Subject to Fire: An Experimental and Numerical Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Young Yoon ◽  
Seong Hwan Kim ◽  
Gwon Cheol Yu ◽  
Jung Kwan Seo ◽  
Bong Ju Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Diffusion ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Wind Tunnel Test ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Fire Engineering ◽  
Diffusion Characteristics ◽  
Fire Loads

The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of wind on the thermal diffusion characteristics of floating production storage and offloading (FSPO) topside models subject to fire. It is motivated by the need to identify the fire loads on FPSO topsides, taking into account the effects of wind speed and direction. The results of an experimental and numerical study undertaken for these purposes are reported here. This paper is part of Phase II of the joint industry project on explosion and fire engineering of FPSOs (EFEF JIP) [1]. An experiment was performed on a 1/14-scale FPSO topside model using a wind tunnel test facility. The locations of the heat source of the fire were varied, as were the speed and direction of the wind, and the temperature distribution was measured. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using the ANSYS CFX program were performed on the test model, with the results obtained compared with the experimental results. It is concluded that wind has a significant effect on the thermal diffusion characteristics of the test model and that the CFD simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results. The insights developed in this study will be very useful for the fire engineering of FPSO topsides.

Load Characteristics of Steel and Concrete Tubular Members Under Jet Fire: An Experimental and Numerical Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Hyo Park ◽  
Bong Ju Kim ◽  
Jung Kwan Seo ◽  
Jae Sung Jeong ◽  
Byung Keun Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Adiabatic Wall ◽  
Fire Engineering ◽  
Ansys Cfx ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Load Characteristics ◽  
Set Up

The aim of this study was to evaluate the load characteristics of steel and concrete tubular members under jet fire, with the motivation to investigate the jet fire load characteristics in FPSO topsides. This paper is part of Phase II of the joint industry project on explosion and fire engineering of FPSOs (EFEF JIP) [1]. To obtain reliable load values, jet fire tests were carried out in parallel with a numerical study. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to set up an adiabatic wall boundary condition for the jet fire to model the heat transfer mechanism. A concrete tubular member was tested under the assumption that there is no conduction effect from jet fire. A steel tubular member was tested and considered to transfer heat through conduction, convection, and radiation. The temperature distribution, or heat load, was analyzed at specific locations on each type of member. ANSYS CFX [2] and Kameleon FireEx [3] codes were used to obtain similar fire action in the numerical and experimental methods. The results of this study will provide a useful database to determine design values related to jet fire.

Severity Measures and Stripe Analysis for Probabilistic Structural Fire Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Shrivastava ◽  
Anthony K. Abu ◽  
Rajesh P. Dhakal ◽  
Peter J. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Structural Fire ◽  
Fire Engineering ◽  
Structural Fire Engineering
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