6 Tsunami hazard and risk evaluation in the Gulf of Naples: State of the art and perspectives

2010 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Gulf Of Naples ◽  
Hazard And Risk

scholarly journals The Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Maramai ◽  
Beatriz Brizuela ◽  
Laura Graziani
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Hazard And Risk Assessment

<p>A unified catalogue containing 290 tsunamis generated in the European and Mediterranean seas since 6150 B.C. to current days is presented. It is the result of a systematic and detailed review of all the regional catalogues available in literature covering the study area, each of them having their own format and level of accuracy. The realization of a single catalogue covering a so wide area and involving several countries was a complex task that posed a series of challenges, being the standardization and the quality of the data the most demanding. A “reliability” value was used to rate equally the quality of the data for each event and this parameter was assigned based on the trustworthiness of the information related to the generating cause, the tsunami description accuracy and also on the availability of coeval bibliographical sources. Following these criteria we included in the catalogue events whose reliability ranges from 0 (“very improbable tsunami”) to 4 (“definite tsunami”). About 900 documentary sources, including historical documents, books, scientific reports, newspapers and previous catalogues, support the tsunami data and descriptions gathered in this catalogue. As a result, in the present paper a list of the 290 tsunamis with their main parameters is reported. The online version of the catalogue, available at http://roma2.rm.ingv.it/en/facilities/data_bases/52/catalogue_of_the_euro-mediterranean_tsunamis, provides additional information such as detailed descriptions, pictures, etc. and the complete list of bibliographical sources. Most of the included events have a high reliability value (3= “probable” and 4= “definite”) which makes the Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue an essential tool for the implementation of tsunami hazard and risk assessment.</p>

scholarly journals Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard and Risk Analysis: A Review of Research Gaps

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Behrens ◽  
Finn Løvholt ◽  
Fatemeh Jalayer ◽  
Stefano Lorito ◽  
Mario A. Salgado-Gálvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Earthquake Sources ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis ◽  
Hazard And Risk Analysis

Tsunamis are unpredictable and infrequent but potentially large impact natural disasters. To prepare, mitigate and prevent losses from tsunamis, probabilistic hazard and risk analysis methods have been developed and have proved useful. However, large gaps and uncertainties still exist and many steps in the assessment methods lack information, theoretical foundation, or commonly accepted methods. Moreover, applied methods have very different levels of maturity, from already advanced probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis for earthquake sources, to less mature probabilistic risk analysis. In this review we give an overview of the current state of probabilistic tsunami hazard and risk analysis. Identifying research gaps, we offer suggestions for future research directions. An extensive literature list allows for branching into diverse aspects of this scientific approach.

Tsunami hazard and risk assessment for Alexandria (Egypt) based on the maximum credible earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 103735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany M. Hassan ◽  
C. Frischknecht ◽  
Mohamed N. ElGabry ◽  
Hesham Hussein ◽  
Mona ElWazir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Maximum Credible Earthquake ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Hazard And Risk Assessment

scholarly journals Multisource Bayesian Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis for the Gulf of Naples (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Grezio ◽  
Francesca Romana Cinti ◽  
Antonio Costa ◽  
Licia Faenza ◽  
Paolo Perfetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Gulf Of Naples ◽  
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis

scholarly journals The State-of-the Art of Environmental Toxicogenomics: Challenges and Perspectives of “Omics” Approaches Directed to Toxicant Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martins ◽  
Dreij ◽  
Costa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
The State ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Noxious Chemicals ◽  
Adverse Outcome Pathways

The last decade witnessed extraordinary advances in “omics” methods, particularly transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, enabling toxicologists to integrate toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics with mechanistic insights on the mode-of-action of noxious chemicals, single or combined. The toxicology of mixtures is, nonetheless, a most challenging enterprise, especially for environmental toxicologists and ecotoxicologists, who invariably deal with chemical mixtures, many of which contain unknowns. Despite costs and demanding computations, the systems toxicology framework, of which “omics” is a major component, endeavors extracting adverse outcome pathways for complex mixtures. Still, the interplay between the multiple components of gene expression and cell metabolism tends to be overlooked. As an example, the proteome allocates DNA methyltransferases whose altered transcription or loss of function by action of chemicals can have a global impact on gene expression in the cell. On the other hand, chemical insult can produce reactive metabolites and radicals that can intercalate or bind to DNA as well as to enzymes and structural proteins, compromising their activity. These examples illustrate the importance of exploring multiple “omes” and the purpose of “omics” and multi-“omics” for building truly predictive models of hazard and risk. Here we will review the state-of-the-art of toxicogenomics highlighting successes, shortcomings and perspectives for next-generation environmental toxicologists.

Deformation and Tsunami Inundation estimates from published slip distributions: How reliable are they?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Woessner ◽  
Rozita Jalali Farahani
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Dislocation Model ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Finite Fault ◽  
Hazard And Risk

&lt;p&gt;A series of large subduction interface earthquakes along the South American coast caused large tsunamis in recent years. Each of these events, such as the 2010 Mw8.8 Maule and the 2015 Mw8.3 Illapel events, provided novel insights to improve tsunami hazard and risk modeling for the region, in particular due to the amount of data collected during post-seismic/ tsunami surveys reporting on coastal deformation, tsunami inundation, and building stock damage. These data are genuinely relevant to evaluate scenario modeling results supporting general approaches to model the tsunami hazard and risk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite the usefulness of rapidly determined finite-fault slip inversions for tsunami warning systems, the reliability of calculated elastic deformations along the coastline based on these models and subsequently tsunami flow depth and runup estimates might be questionable. We primarily shed light on the possible impact of using various solutions for selected historical events by performing full tsunami scenario calculation. We evaluate the inverted slip model solutions from the perspective of a tsunami modeler, i.e. we compare results of the elastic deformation modelling to observed coastal uplift and tsunami inundation against post-seismic survey data. These are important as coastal deformation strongly affects tsunami inundation results. Secondly, we compare observed data to modeled data from inverted slip distributions to solutions based on simulated slip distributions on the same fault geometries to understand the possible range of outcomes. .&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Given an inverted slip distribution, we first map those onto the Slab2.0 subduction interface and then calculate stochastic slip distributions. Thereafter, vertical seafloor/coastline deformations are computed using a triangular elastic dislocation model that captures the complexities of the subduction zone geometry. The deformations serve as initial conditions to a high-resolution numerical model that simulates the tsunami wave propagation and coastal inundations. Parallel computations are applied to overcome the large numerical computational efforts needed. Variable land surface roughness based on land cover data is used to simulate the accurate hydraulics of coastal inundation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Based on our modelling approach, we find that some published slip inversion models are deficient in modelling observed coastal deformation using an elastic deformation model. Only when including tsunami data for the inversions, these models tend to be better constrained. Without these data, finite fault slip inversions for local tsunami forecasts might be misleading in spatial inundation estimates as deformation results may be incorrect. This can happen both ways, either underestimating or overestimating tsunami inundations. While there are many additional aspects in the tsunami modelling procedure, this is an important basic aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our results show that simulating stochastic slip distributions enables to cover the range of possible deformation and inundation results well. This result underlines that this approach is a useful tool to generate local probabilistic tsunami hazard and risk models.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Terrain visibility impact on the preparation of landslide inventories: some practical cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Txomin Bornaetxea ◽  
Ivan Marchesini ◽  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Rabisankar Karmakar ◽  
Alessandro Mondini
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Photo Interpretation ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Hazard And Risk

Abstract. Landslide inventories are used for multiple purposes including landscape characterisation and monitoring, and landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk evaluation. Their quality can depend on the data and the methods with which they were produced. In this work we evaluate the effects of a variable visibility of the territory to map on the spatial distribution of the information collected by four landslide inventories prepared using different approaches in two study areas. The method first classifies the territory in areas with different visibility levels from the paths (roads) used to map landslides, and then estimates the landslide density reported in the inventories into the different visibility classes. Our results show that 1) the density of the information is strongly related to the visibility in inventories obtained through fieldwork, technical reports and/or newspapers, where landslides are under-sampled in low visibility classes; and 2) the inventories obtained by photo-interpretation of images suffer from a marked under representation of small landslides close to roads or infrastructures. We maintain that the proposed procedure can be useful to evaluate the quality of landslide inventories and then properly orient their use.

scholarly journals Investigation on tsunami effects in the central Adriatic Sea during the last century – a contribution

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maramai ◽  
L. Graziani ◽  
S. Tinti
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Earthquake Sequences ◽  
Italian Earthquake ◽  
Water Front

Abstract. In this work we present the result of a study aimed at examining the Italian earthquake sequences that occurred in the area of the central Adriatic sea with the purpose of understanding whether some of them were accompanied by tsunami effects. The motivation for this research was the update and enrichment of the Italian Tsunami Catalogue. The result was that evidence was found for two new cases of earthquake-induced tsunamis: these are the August 1916 Rimini and the October 1930 Ancona events. The bulk of the present research consisted in collecting all the available data on the earthquakes that affected the selected area in the past century and in identifying those potentially capable of generating tsunamis. During the study all the available material was gathered, which includes specific monographs and scientific papers, articles available in contemporary chronicles and in local and national newspapers. The final result of this research will improve our knowledge of the tsunamigenic activity of the central Adriatic sea and contribute to the assessment of the tsunami hazard and risk along these coasts, that especially in the peak season form one of the most densely populated areas of the Italian peninsula with flat and large beaches and water front resorts crowded of tourists.

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