Chapter 45Forgotten Link in Improving Crop Salt Tolerance under Brackish Irrigation: Lateral Soil Salinity Gradients around Roots

2016 ◽  
pp. 1175-1182
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Salinity Gradients

scholarly journals Salt Tolerance and Na Allocation in Sorghum bicolor under Variable Soil and Water Salinity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Calone ◽  
Rabab Sanoubar ◽  
Carla Lambertini ◽  
Maria Speranza ◽  
Livia Vittori Antisari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Sensitive Organ

Salinity is a major constraint for plant growth in world areas exposed to salinization. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a species that has received attention for biomass production in saline areas thanks to drought and salinity tolerance. To improve the knowledge in the mechanisms of salt tolerance and sodium allocation to plant organs, a pot experiment was set up. The experimental design combined three levels of soil salinity (0, 3, and 6 dS m−1) with three levels of water salinity (0, 2–4, and 4–8 dS m−1) and two water regimes: no salt leaching (No SL) and salt leaching (SL). This latter regime was carried out with the same three water salinity levels and resulted in average +81% water supply. High soil salinity associated with high water salinity (HSS-HWS) affected plant growth and final dry weight (DW) to a greater extent in No SL (−87% DW) than SL (−42% DW). Additionally, HSS-HWS determined a stronger decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content under No SL than SL. HSS-HWS with No SL resulted in a higher Na bioaccumulation from soil to plant and in translocation from roots to stem and, finally, leaves, which are the most sensitive organ. Higher water availability (SL), although determining higher salt input when associated with HWS, limited Na bioaccumulation, prevented Na translocation to leaves, and enhanced selective absorption of Ca vs. Na. At plant level, higher Na accumulation was associated with lower Ca and Mg accumulation, especially in No SL. This indicates altered ion homeostasis and cation unbalance.

Comparative salt tolerance of some tropical and temperate legumes and tropical grasses

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (78) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Russell
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance ◽  
Temperate Legumes

The dry matter yield of 11 tropical legumes, 10 temperate legumes and 11 tropical grasses was examined in pot experiments on a clay soil with increasing levels of sodium chloride. A mathematical model was fitted to the yield-salt level curves for each species and both the half yield soil salinity level and zero yield soil salinity level were estimated. Species were ranked in relation to their salt tolerance at half and zero yield and these values were expressed in terms of the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract. Grasses showed a greater ability to persist at high salt levels than the legumes. The most tolerant grasses were Chloris gayana, Panicum coloratum, Pennisetum clandestinum, Sorghum almum and Digitaria decumbens. Medicago sativa, which was included in both temperate and tropical groups, was the most tolerant legume of both groups. The tropical legumes Macroptilium lathyroides and Macroptilium atropurpureum were almost equivalent to M. sativa in their salt tolerance. The least tolerant grass was Setaria anceps and the least tolerant tropical and temperate legumes were Desmodium uncinatum and Trifolium semipilosum respectively. Both Na and Cl percentages in the plant generally increased with increasing salt but no consistent relationship was found between plant salt tolerance and Na and Cl content. The field implications of the high salt tolerance of certain grasses is discussed in relation to the establishment of permanent grass-legume pastures on saline-sodic soils.

Salt Tolerance of N. Co. Varieties of Sugar Cane. II. Effects of Soil Salinity and Sprinkling on Chemical Composition 1

1966 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Bernstein ◽  
R. A. Clark ◽  
L. E. Francois ◽  
M. D. Derderian
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Sugar Cane

scholarly journals Seedling Growth of Wheat as Affected by Soil Salinity

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
E Sultana ◽  
MA Hasan ◽  
S Sikder ◽  
MS Rana ◽  
F Alam
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Salt Tolerance Index

An experiment was conducted to evaluate seedling growth of wheat under saline condition. Thirty wheat genotypes were grown in trays containing different levels of salinity (Control, 6 and 12 dSm-1) during October to December, 2013. Seedling emergence index, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight were found to be reduced with the increases of soil salinity level but the degree of reduction were not similar for all wheat genotypes. Salt tolerance index (STI) also indicated a wide difference in salt tolerance among the wheat genotypes. Sourav, Gourav, Shatabdi, BAW 1185, BAW 1186, BAW 1187, BAW 1189 and BAW 1193 were more salt tolerance while BAW 1177, BAW 1190 and BAW 1198 showed greater salt sensitivity than the other wheat genotypes at 6 dS m-1. However, at 12 dS m-1, Sourav, Gourav, Shatabdi, Sufi and BAW 1184 showed more salt tolerance and BAW 1183, BAW 1190, BAW 1192, BAW 1194 and BAW 97 provided greater stress sensitivity among the testing wheat genotypes. Considering both saline stress Sourav, Gourav and Shatabdi were found to be salt tolerant and BAW 1190 was saline sensitive wheat genotypes.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(2): 53-66

scholarly journals Gradual Exposure to Salinity Improves Tolerance to Salt Stress in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Santangeli ◽  
Concetta Capo ◽  
Simone Beninati ◽  
Fabrizio Pietrini ◽  
Cinzia Forni
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Psii Photochemistry

Soil salinity is considered one of the most severe abiotic stresses in plants; plant acclimation to salinity could be a tool to improve salt tolerance even in a sensitive genotype. In this work we investigated the physiological mechanisms underneath the response to gradual and prolonged exposure to sodium chloride in cultivars of Brassica napus L. Fifteen days old seedlings of the cultivars Dynastie (salt tolerant) and SY Saveo (salt sensitive) were progressively exposed to increasing soil salinity conditions for 60 days. Salt exposed plants of both cultivars showed reductions of biomass, size and number of leaves. However, after 60 days the relative reduction in biomass was lower in sensitive cultivar as compared to tolerant ones. An increase of chlorophylls content was detected in both cultivars; the values of the quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and those of the electron transport rate (ETR) indicated that the photochemical activity was only partially reduced by NaCl treatments in both cultivars. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was higher in treated samples with respect to the controls, indicating its activation following salt exposure, and confirming its involvement in salt stress response. A gradual exposure to salt could elicit different salt stress responses, thus preserving plant vitality and conferring a certain degree of tolerance, even though the genotype was salt sensitive at the seed germination stage. An improvement of salt tolerance in B. napus could be obtained by acclimation to saline conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological Response and Proteomics Analysis of Reaumuria soongorica Under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shipeng Yan ◽  
Peifang Chong ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Hongmei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Reaumuria Soongorica ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Low Salt

Abstract Soil salinity can severely restrict plant growth. Yet Reaumuria soongorica can tolerate salinity well. However, large-scale proteomic studies of this plant’s salinity response have yet to reported. Here, R. soongorica seedlings (4 months old) were used in an experiment where NaCl solutions simulated levels of soil salinity stress. The fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, leaf relative conductivity, proline content, and total leaf area of R. soongorica under CK (0 mM NaCl), low (200 mM NaCl), and high (500 mM NaCl) salt stress were determined. The results showed that the proline content of leaves was negatively correlated with salt concentration. With greater salinity, the plant fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, and total leaf area increased initially but then decreased, and vice-versa for the relative electrical conductivity of leaves. Using iTRAQ proteomic sequencing, 47, 177, 136 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in low-salt vs. CK, high-salt vs. control, and high-salt vs. low-salt comparisons, respectively. A total of 72 DEPs were further screened from the groups, of which, 34 DEPs increased and 38 DEPs decreased in abundance. These DEPs are mainly involved in translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis. Finally, 21 key DEPs (SCORE value ≥ 60 point) were identified as potential targets for salt tolerance of R. soongolica. By comparing the protein structure of treated vs. CK leaves under salt stress, we revealed the key candidate genes underpinning R. soongolica’s salt tolerance ability. This works provides fresh insight into its physiological adaptation strategy and molecular regulatory network, and a molecular basis enhancing breeding, under salt stress conditions.

Salt tolerance of five muskmelon cutivars

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mangal ◽  
P. S. Hooda ◽  
S. Lal
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Yield Drop ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Salinity Increase ◽  
Field Plots

SummaryThe salt tolerance of five muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars Hara Madhu, Punjab Sunhari, Punjab Hybrid, Pusa Madhuras and Durgapur Madhu was assessed in field plots artificially salinized with NaCl and CaCl2. Percentage germination and melon yield of all the cultivars decreased linearly with increasing soil salinity. Decline in percentage germination with increasing salinity differed with cultivar. If soil salinity exceeded 1·11 dS/m, mean germination of muskmelon decreased at a rate of 9% per unit increase in soil salinity. Similarly melon yield decreased at a rate of 8·73% for each unit of EC exceeding 103 dS/m. Hara Madhu had the highest rate of yield drop per unit salinity increase. The salt tolerance limit of muskmelon was found to be associated with soil ECe value of about 5·20–6·32 dS/m.

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