Chapter 3Physicochemical Property Changes of Foods during Microwave-Assisted Thermal Processing

Physicochemical Property Changes of Foods during Microwave-Assisted Thermal Processing

Physicochemical Aspects of Food Engineering and Processing - Contemporary Food Engineering ◽

10.1201/9781420082425-5 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 69-84

Author(s):

Arun Muthukumaran ◽

Val√©rie Orsat ◽

G Raghavan

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Property ◽

Thermal Processing ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Property Changes

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METHYLENE BLUE REMOVAL USING COCONUT SHELL BIOCHAR SYNTHESIZED THROUGH MICROWAVE-ASSISTED PYROLYSIS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v82.14359 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Dwi Nuryana ◽

Muhammad Fahrul Rahman Alim ◽

Maizatulakmal Yahayu ◽

Muhammad Abbas Ahmad ◽

Raja Safazliana Raja Sulong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Thermal Processing ◽

Raw Material ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Bet Analysis ◽

Methylene Blue Removal ◽

Energy Consuming ◽

Conventional Pyrolysis ◽

Time And Energy

Indonesia is the world’s second largest producer of coconut. This at the same time resulted in huge generation of coconut shell waste that need to be properly managed to prevent environmental contamination such as water, air and soil pollution. Current techniques of physical and thermal processing are time and energy consuming. This study reports on the conversion of coconut shell biomass into biochar using microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP). The MAP processes were carried out at different microwave power (550-650W) and residence time (15-25 minutes). Two of the highest biochar yields were obtained at 550W with the residence times of 15 minutes (91.31 wt%, termed as S1) and 20 minutes (83.88 wt%, termed as S2), respectively. Both values were higher than biochar yield obtained using conventional pyrolysis process i.e. 30.10 wt%. Both S1 and S2 showed considerable capacity to remove 0.6875 mg.g-1 and 0.5165 mg.g-1 methylene blue which had the initial concentration of 25 mg.L-1. The adsorption efficiencies of S1 and S2 biochars were 55.00% and 41.32%, respectively. Results obtained from the FTIR, FESEM and BET analysis also supported the methylene blue removal properties of both S1 and S2, respectively. As a conclusion, coconut shell showed potential as a useful raw material to produce biochar that can be used for methylene blue removal from solution. Nevertheless, more investigation need to be carried out prior to commercialization venture of the coconut-shell based biochar.

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Analytical Electron Microscopy of Ion-Implanted Metals

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011831x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 282-285

Author(s):

D.I. Potter ◽

M. Ahmed ◽

K. Ruffing

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Ion Implantation ◽

Friction And Wear ◽

Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Surface Chemical ◽

Near Surface ◽

The Past ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

Property Changes

Ion implantation, used extensively for the past decade in fabricating semiconductor devices, now provides a unique means for altering the near-surface chemical compositions and microstructures of metals. These alterations often significantly improve physical properties that depend on the surface of the material; for example, catalysis, corrosion, oxidation, hardness, friction and wear. Frequently the mechanisms causing these beneficial alterations and property changes remain obscure and much of the current research in the area of ion implantation metallurgy is aimed at identifying such mechanisms. Investigators thus confront two immediate questions: To what extent is the chemical composition changed by implantation? What is the resulting microstructure? These two questions can be investigated very fruitfully with analytical electron microscopy (AEM), as described below.

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Relationships Between Grain Boundary Structure and Material Properties

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s1431927600001550 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 366-369

Author(s):

Brian Ralph ◽

Barlow Claire ◽

Nicola Ecob

Keyword(s):

Grain Boundary ◽

Material Properties ◽

Main Property ◽

Grain Structure ◽

Boundary Structure ◽

Grain Boundary Structure ◽

Property Changes

This brief review seeks to summarize some of the main property changes which may be induced by altering the grain structure of materials. Where appropriate an interpretation is given of these changes in terms of current theories of grain boundary structure, and some examples from current studies are presented at the end of this paper.

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