Modeling Grain Protein Formation in Relation to Nitrogen Uptake and Remobilization in Rice

2008 ◽  
pp. 147-168
Author(s):  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Hongbao Ye ◽  
Gregory S. McMaster ◽  
Weiguo Li ◽  
Weixing Cao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Grain Protein

The effects of triazole and strobilurin fungicide programmes on nitrogen uptake, partitioning, remobilization and grain N accumulation in winter wheat cultivars

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. RUSKE ◽  
M. J. GOODING ◽  
S. A. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Relationship

Field experiments were conducted over 3 years to assess the effect of a triazole fungicide programme, and additions of strobilurin fungicides to it, on nitrogen uptake, accumulation and partitioning in a range of winter wheat cultivars. Commensurate with delayed senescence, fungicide programmes, particularly when including strobilurins, improved grain yield through improvements in both crop biomass and harvest index, although the relationship with green area duration of the flag leaf (GFLAD) depended on year and in some cases, cultivar. In all years fungicide treatments significantly increased the amount of nitrogen in the above-ground biomass, the amount of nitrogen in the grain and the nitrogen harvest index. All these effects could be linearly related to the fungicide effect on GFLAD. These relationships occasionally interacted with cultivar but there was no evidence that fungicide mode of action affected the relationship between GFLAD and yield of nitrogen in the grain. Fungicide treatments significantly reduced the amount of soil mineral N at harvest and when severe disease had been controlled, the net remobilization of N from the vegetation to the grain after anthesis. Fungicide maintained the filling of grain with both dry matter and nitrogen. The proportionate accumulation of nitrogen in the grain was later than that of dry matter and this difference was greater when fungicide had been applied. Effects of fungicide on grain protein concentration and its relationship with GFLAD were inconsistent over year and cultivar. There were several instances where grain protein concentration was unaffected despite large (1·5 t/ha) increases in grain yield following fungicide use. Dilution of grain protein concentration following fungicide use, when it did occur, was small compared with what would be predicted by adoption of other yield increasing techniques such as the selection of high yielding cultivars (based on currently available cultivars) or by growing wheat in favourable climates.

Nitrogen efficiency of wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Anderson ◽  
F. C. Hoyle
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Summary. Experiments were conducted at 3 sites in Western Australia in 1993 using 33 wheat cultivars and crossbreds. Two rates of applied nitrogen fertiliser (0 and 40 kg/ha of nitrogen) were used to screen the lines for efficiency of nitrogen uptake, grain yield and grain protein production per unit of nitrogen applied, and nitrogen translocation to the grain. This information can be useful in determining nitrogen fertiliser strategies for wheat cultivars in the field. Nitrogen uptake in the plant tops was measured during the season and in the grain and straw at maturity. Grain yield, grain protein and nitrogen efficiency parameters were not markedly different between grain quality grades which are largely based on grain hardness. Yield efficient lines (high net yield increase per unit of applied nitrogen) were characterised by greater net uptake and net utilisation efficiencies but had similar yields and grain protein percentages as yield inefficient lines. Protein efficient lines (high net grain protein increase per unit of applied nitrogen) also had greater uptake efficiencies but lower utilisation efficiencies than protein inefficient lines. No lines were both yield and protein efficient suggesting that lines either use fertiliser nitrogen preferentially in yield production or in production of protein. The results indicate that in nitrogen-responsive situations it will be more profitable to use yield-efficient lines. Further investigation is needed to examine the suggestion that where soil nitrogen levels are higher (and yield responses to nitrogen are less) a greater economic return may come from using protein efficient lines. Some wheat lines had a high ability to recover fertiliser nitrogen applied to the crop. Others had a high ability to take up soil nitrogen. It is postulated that these differences may be due to differences in root systems. Some mid- and long-season lines that had high concentrations of nitrogen in the tops at anthesis metabolised that nitrogen poorly into grain yield or protein. This suggests that nitrogen efficiency may be partly related to maturity relative to length of growing season.

Physiology of genetic improvements in yield and grain protein of Canadian Western Amber Durum wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
R. M. DePauw
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Large Spike

Two relatively new Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) cultivars used different strategies to increase yield and maintain high grain protein relative to older cultivars. AC Navigator (semi-dwarf) increased kernel weight and spikes per plant. AC Avonlea (conventional height) reduced height and increased spike size. AC Avonlea remobilized more nitrogen (N) to the grain than AC Navigator, which could be attributed to its large spike sink.Key words: Triticum turgidum, yield, protein, spike size, nitrogen uptake and remobilization

Effects of duration of grazed lucerne on long-term yields and nitrogen uptake of subsequent wheat

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
New South ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
South Wales

The long-term effects of varying durations of lucerne Icy, extended fallowing, and continuous wheat growing on the growth, yield, and nitrogen uptake of subsequent wheat crops were determined on two contrasting soils in northern New South Wales. Durations of lucerne ley were 3+, 2+ and 1+ years on a black earth and 5+, 3+ and 1+ years on a red-brown earth. With the exception of the first wheat crop, wheat production for several years following lucerne exceeded that following extended fallow or continuous wheat growing, whether measured as vegetative yield at anthesis, grain yield, nitrogen uptake, or grain protein. The beneficial effects of lucerne on vegetative yield, nitrogen uptake, and grain protein reached a maximum in the second crop after lucerne, and the effects of 2+ or more years of lucerne remained significant for the next five crops on the black earth and the next two crops on the red-brown earth. Grain yields fluctuated widely with season, the magnitude of the lucerne effect being much more dependent on rainfall, but the duration of the effect was similar for grain and vegetative parameters. The shorter duration of the lucerne effect on the red-brown earth appeared to be associated with its more freely draining nature and consequent loss of accumulated nitrogen. The optimum duration of lucerne for maintaining nitrogen-dependent wheat yields was 3+ years on both soil types. It eliminated the need for nitrogen fertilizer for the following five wheat crops on the black earth and three wheat crops on the red-brown earth. Extended fallowing also had a beneficial effect on all parameters, particularly in the first and second crops after the fallow ended. Its effect was generally significantly smaller than the lucerne effect except in the first crop after fallow.

Modeling grain protein formation in relation to nitrogen uptake and remobilization in rice plant

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Weiguo Li ◽  
Qi Jing ◽  
Weixing Cao ◽  
Takeshi Horie
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Grain Protein
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