Soil Carbon in Permafrost-Dominated Boreal Forests

2002 ◽  
pp. 259-277
Author(s):  
John Hom
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Boreal Forests

scholarly journals Winter climate controls soil carbon dynamics during summer in boreal forests

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 024017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Haei ◽  
Mats G Öquist ◽  
Juergen Kreyling ◽  
Ulrik Ilstedt ◽  
Hjalmar Laudon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Soil Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Climate Controls

scholarly journals Vegetation distribution and terrestrial carbon cycle in a carbon-cycle configuration of JULES4.6 with new plant functional types

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna B. Harper ◽  
Andrew J. Wiltshire ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Pierre Friedlingstein ◽  
Chris D. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Vegetation Distribution ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
Global Vegetation ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are used for studying historical and future changes to vegetation and the terrestrial carbon cycle. JULES (the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) represents the land surface in the Hadley Centre climate models and in the UK Earth System Model. Recently the number of plant functional types (PFTs) in JULES were expanded from 5 to 9 to better represent functional diversity in global ecosystems. Here we introduce a more mechanistic representation of vegetation dynamics in TRIFFID, the dynamic vegetation component of JULES, that allows for any number of PFTs to compete based solely on their height, removing the previous hardwired dominance hierarchy where dominant types are assumed to outcompete subdominant types. With the new set of 9 PFTs, JULES is able to more accurately reproduce global vegetation distribution compared to the former 5 PFT version. Improvements include the coverage of trees within tropical and boreal forests, and a reduction in shrubs, which dominated at high latitudes. We show that JULES is able to realistically represent several aspects of the global carbon cycle. The simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) is within the range of observations, but simulated net primary productivity (NPP) is slightly too high. GPP in JULES from 1982–2011 was 133 PgC yr−1, compared to observation-based estimates between 123±8 (over the same time period) and 150–175 PgC yr−1. NPP from 2000–2013 was 72 PgC yr−1, compared to satellite-derived NPP of 55 PgC yr−1 over the same period and independent estimates of 56.2±14.3 PgC yr−1. The simulated carbon stored in vegetation is 542 PgC, compared to an observation-based range of 400–600 PgC. Soil carbon is much lower (1422 PgC) than estimates from measurements (>2400 PgC), with large underestimations of soil carbon in the tropical and boreal forests. We also examined some aspects of the historical terrestrial carbon sink as simulated by JULES. Between the 1900s and 2000s, increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels enhanced vegetation productivity and litter inputs into the soils, while land-use change removed vegetation and reduced soil carbon. The result was a simulated increase in soil carbon of 57 PgC but a decrease in vegetation carbon by of PgC. JULES simulated a loss of soil and vegetation carbon of 14 and 124 PgC, respectively, due to land-use change from 1900–2009. The simulated land carbon sink was 2.0±1.0 PgC yr−1 from 2000–2009, in close agreement to estimates from the IPCC and Global Carbon Project.

scholarly journals Impacts of land-use history on the recovery of ecosystems after agricultural abandonment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Krause ◽  
Thomas A. M. Pugh ◽  
Anita D. Bayer ◽  
Mats Lindeskog ◽  
Almut Arneth
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Vegetation Carbon

Abstract. Land-use changes have been shown to have large effects on climate and biogeochemical cycles, but so far most studies have focused on the effects of conversion of natural vegetation to croplands and pastures. By contrast, relatively little is known about the influence of past agriculture on vegetation regrowth and carbon sequestration following land abandonment, decades or even centuries later. We used the LPJ-GUESS dynamic vegetation model to study the legacy effects of different land-use histories (in terms of type and duration) across a range of ecosystems. To this end, we performed six idealized simulations for Europe and Africa in which we made a transition from natural vegetation to either pasture or cropland, followed by a transition back to natural vegetation after 20, 60 or 100 years. The simulations identified substantial differences in recovery trajectories of four key variables (vegetation composition, vegetation carbon, soil carbon, Net Biome Productivity) after agricultural cessation. Vegetation carbon and composition typically recovered faster than soil carbon in sub-tropical, temperate and boreal regions, and vice versa in the tropics. While the effects of different land-use histories on recovery periods of soil carbon stocks often differed by centuries across our simulations, differences in recovery times across simulations were typically small for Net Biome Productivity (a few decades) and modest for vegetation carbon and composition (several decades). Spatially, we found the greatest sensitivity of recovery times to prior land-use in boreal forests and subtropical grasslands where post-agricultural productivity was strongly affected by prior land management. Our results suggest that land-use history is a relevant factor affecting ecosystems long after agricultural cessation and it should be considered not only when assessing historical or future changes in simulations of the terrestrial carbon cycle, but also when establishing long-term monitoring networks and interpreting data derived therefrom, including analysis of a broad range of ecosystem properties or local climate effects related to land cover changes.

Do tree species influence soil carbon stocks in temperate and boreal forests?

2013 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 4-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Vesterdal ◽  
Nicholas Clarke ◽  
Bjarni D. Sigurdsson ◽  
Per Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks

The effect of clear cutting on podzolisation and soil carbon dynamics in boreal forests (Middle Taiga zone, Russia)

Geoderma ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 177-178 ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Falsone ◽  
L. Celi ◽  
A. Caimi ◽  
G. Simonov ◽  
E. Bonifacio
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Soil Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Clear Cutting

scholarly journals Vegetation distribution and terrestrial carbon cycle in a carbon cycle configuration of JULES4.6 with new plant functional types

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2857-2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna B. Harper ◽  
Andrew J. Wiltshire ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Pierre Friedlingstein ◽  
Chris D. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Vegetation Distribution ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
Global Vegetation ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are used for studying historical and future changes to vegetation and the terrestrial carbon cycle. JULES (the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) represents the land surface in the Hadley Centre climate models and in the UK Earth System Model. Recently the number of plant functional types (PFTs) in JULES was expanded from five to nine to better represent functional diversity in global ecosystems. Here we introduce a more mechanistic representation of vegetation dynamics in TRIFFID, the dynamic vegetation component of JULES, which allows for any number of PFTs to compete based solely on their height; therefore, the previous hardwired dominance hierarchy is removed. With the new set of nine PFTs, JULES is able to more accurately reproduce global vegetation distribution compared to the former five PFT version. Improvements include the coverage of trees within tropical and boreal forests and a reduction in shrubs, the latter of which dominated at high latitudes. We show that JULES is able to realistically represent several aspects of the global carbon (C) cycle. The simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) is within the range of observations, but simulated net primary productivity (NPP) is slightly too high. GPP in JULES from 1982 to 2011 is 133 Pg C yr−1, compared to observation-based estimates (over the same time period) between 123 ± 8 and 150–175 Pg C yr−1. NPP from 2000 to 2013 is 72 Pg C yr−1, compared to satellite-derived NPP of 55 Pg C yr−1 over the same period and independent estimates of 56.2 ± 14.3 Pg C yr−1. The simulated carbon stored in vegetation is 542 Pg C, compared to an observation-based range of 400–600 Pg C. Soil carbon is much lower (1422 Pg C) than estimates from measurements (> 2400 Pg C), with large underestimations of soil carbon in the tropical and boreal forests. We also examined some aspects of the historical terrestrial carbon sink as simulated by JULES. Between the 1900s and 2000s, increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels enhanced vegetation productivity and litter inputs into the soils, while land use change removed vegetation and reduced soil carbon. The result is a simulated increase in soil carbon of 57 Pg C but a decrease in vegetation carbon of 98 Pg C. The total simulated loss of soil and vegetation carbon due to land use change is 138 Pg C from 1900 to 2009, compared to a recent observationally constrained estimate of 155 ± 50 Pg C from 1901 to 2012. The simulated land carbon sink is 2.0 ± 1.0 Pg C yr−1 from 2000 to 2009, in close agreement with estimates from the IPCC and Global Carbon Project.

The carbon balance of forest soils: detectability of changes in soil carbon stocks in temperate and Boreal forests

2004 ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frauz Conen ◽  
Argyro Zerva ◽  
Dominique Arrouays ◽  
Claude Jolivet ◽  
Paul G. Jarvis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks

SAFARI 2000 ORGANIC SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN DATA (ZINKE ET AL.)

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. EMANUEL ◽  
J. S. OLSON ◽  
W. M. POST ◽  
A. G. STANGENBERGER ◽  
P. J. ZINKE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Carbon And Nitrogen

LBA REGIONAL ORGANIC SOIL CARBON AND NITROGEN DATA (ZINKE ET AL.)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. EMANUEL ◽  
J. S. OLSON ◽  
W. M. POST ◽  
A. G. STANGENBERGER ◽  
P. J. ZINKE
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Carbon And Nitrogen
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