scholarly journals Impacts of land-use history on the recovery of ecosystems after agricultural abandonment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Krause ◽  
Thomas A. M. Pugh ◽  
Anita D. Bayer ◽  
Mats Lindeskog ◽  
Almut Arneth
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Vegetation Carbon

Abstract. Land-use changes have been shown to have large effects on climate and biogeochemical cycles, but so far most studies have focused on the effects of conversion of natural vegetation to croplands and pastures. By contrast, relatively little is known about the influence of past agriculture on vegetation regrowth and carbon sequestration following land abandonment, decades or even centuries later. We used the LPJ-GUESS dynamic vegetation model to study the legacy effects of different land-use histories (in terms of type and duration) across a range of ecosystems. To this end, we performed six idealized simulations for Europe and Africa in which we made a transition from natural vegetation to either pasture or cropland, followed by a transition back to natural vegetation after 20, 60 or 100 years. The simulations identified substantial differences in recovery trajectories of four key variables (vegetation composition, vegetation carbon, soil carbon, Net Biome Productivity) after agricultural cessation. Vegetation carbon and composition typically recovered faster than soil carbon in sub-tropical, temperate and boreal regions, and vice versa in the tropics. While the effects of different land-use histories on recovery periods of soil carbon stocks often differed by centuries across our simulations, differences in recovery times across simulations were typically small for Net Biome Productivity (a few decades) and modest for vegetation carbon and composition (several decades). Spatially, we found the greatest sensitivity of recovery times to prior land-use in boreal forests and subtropical grasslands where post-agricultural productivity was strongly affected by prior land management. Our results suggest that land-use history is a relevant factor affecting ecosystems long after agricultural cessation and it should be considered not only when assessing historical or future changes in simulations of the terrestrial carbon cycle, but also when establishing long-term monitoring networks and interpreting data derived therefrom, including analysis of a broad range of ecosystem properties or local climate effects related to land cover changes.

scholarly journals Impacts of land-use history on the recovery of ecosystems after agricultural abandonment

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Krause ◽  
Thomas A. M. Pugh ◽  
Anita D. Bayer ◽  
Mats Lindeskog ◽  
Almut Arneth
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Vegetation Carbon

Abstract. Land-use changes have been shown to have large effects on climate and biogeochemical cycles, but so far most studies have focused on the effects of conversion of natural vegetation to croplands and pastures. By contrast, relatively little is known about the long-term influence of past agriculture on vegetation regrowth and carbon sequestration following land abandonment. We used the LPJ-GUESS dynamic vegetation model to study the legacy effects of different land-use histories (in terms of type and duration) across a range of ecosystems. To this end, we performed six idealized simulations for Europe and Africa in which we made a transition from natural vegetation to either pasture or cropland, followed by a transition back to natural vegetation after 20, 60 or 100 years. The simulations identified substantial differences in recovery trajectories of four key variables (vegetation composition, vegetation carbon, soil carbon, net biome productivity) after agricultural cessation. Vegetation carbon and composition typically recovered faster than soil carbon in subtropical, temperate and boreal regions, and vice versa in the tropics. While the effects of different land-use histories on recovery periods of soil carbon stocks often differed by centuries across our simulations, differences in recovery times across simulations were typically small for net biome productivity (a few decades) and modest for vegetation carbon and composition (several decades). Spatially, we found the greatest sensitivity of recovery times to prior land use in boreal forests and subtropical grasslands, where post-agricultural productivity was strongly affected by prior land management. Our results suggest that land-use history is a relevant factor affecting ecosystems long after agricultural cessation, and it should be considered not only when assessing historical or future changes in simulations of the terrestrial carbon cycle but also when establishing long-term monitoring networks and interpreting data derived therefrom, including analysis of a broad range of ecosystem properties or local climate effects related to land cover changes.

Soil carbon and nitrogen in a pine-oak sand plain in central Massachusetts: Role of vegetation and land-use history

Oecologia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana E. Compton ◽  
Richard D. Boone ◽  
Glenn Motzkin ◽  
David R. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Sand Plain

Les temps de résidence du carbone et le potentiel de stockage de carbone dans quelques sols cultivés français

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Balesdent ◽  
Sylvie Recous
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Soil Carbon Storage ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
C Storage

In order to predict the potential of soils to store carbon in response to land use or climate changes, we measured the fluxes and distribution of residence times of C in French cultivated soils. We used the natural abundances in 13C and 14C to measure this distribution in long-term experiments of maize cultivation in France. 75% of the topsoil carbon had a mean residence time of 40 yr. Coarse particle-size fractions contained most of the younger carbon. A compartment of stable C was estimated using radiocarbon dating. Belowground plant material inputs stored as much as C as aboveground inputs. The effect of temperature on soil carbon mineralization affected only rate constants, with a Q10 = 3.1 constant in the range 1–25 °C. The data were summerized in a simple simulation model, which predicted a nil or low effect of climatic change on soil carbon storage in the next 50 yr. In France, land use changes will have more influence than atmospheric changes on C storage. Key words: France, greenhouse gases, mineralization, model, soil carbon, storage, temperature

scholarly journals Effect of Land Use History and Pattern on Soil Carbon Storage in Arid Region of Central Asia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e68372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Li ◽  
Yugang Wang ◽  
Lijuan Liu ◽  
Geping Luo ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
Soil Carbon Storage

scholarly journals Vegetation distribution and terrestrial carbon cycle in a carbon-cycle configuration of JULES4.6 with new plant functional types

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna B. Harper ◽  
Andrew J. Wiltshire ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Pierre Friedlingstein ◽  
Chris D. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Vegetation Distribution ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
Global Vegetation ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are used for studying historical and future changes to vegetation and the terrestrial carbon cycle. JULES (the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) represents the land surface in the Hadley Centre climate models and in the UK Earth System Model. Recently the number of plant functional types (PFTs) in JULES were expanded from 5 to 9 to better represent functional diversity in global ecosystems. Here we introduce a more mechanistic representation of vegetation dynamics in TRIFFID, the dynamic vegetation component of JULES, that allows for any number of PFTs to compete based solely on their height, removing the previous hardwired dominance hierarchy where dominant types are assumed to outcompete subdominant types. With the new set of 9 PFTs, JULES is able to more accurately reproduce global vegetation distribution compared to the former 5 PFT version. Improvements include the coverage of trees within tropical and boreal forests, and a reduction in shrubs, which dominated at high latitudes. We show that JULES is able to realistically represent several aspects of the global carbon cycle. The simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) is within the range of observations, but simulated net primary productivity (NPP) is slightly too high. GPP in JULES from 1982–2011 was 133 PgC yr−1, compared to observation-based estimates between 123±8 (over the same time period) and 150–175 PgC yr−1. NPP from 2000–2013 was 72 PgC yr−1, compared to satellite-derived NPP of 55 PgC yr−1 over the same period and independent estimates of 56.2±14.3 PgC yr−1. The simulated carbon stored in vegetation is 542 PgC, compared to an observation-based range of 400–600 PgC. Soil carbon is much lower (1422 PgC) than estimates from measurements (>2400 PgC), with large underestimations of soil carbon in the tropical and boreal forests. We also examined some aspects of the historical terrestrial carbon sink as simulated by JULES. Between the 1900s and 2000s, increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels enhanced vegetation productivity and litter inputs into the soils, while land-use change removed vegetation and reduced soil carbon. The result was a simulated increase in soil carbon of 57 PgC but a decrease in vegetation carbon by of PgC. JULES simulated a loss of soil and vegetation carbon of 14 and 124 PgC, respectively, due to land-use change from 1900–2009. The simulated land carbon sink was 2.0±1.0 PgC yr−1 from 2000–2009, in close agreement to estimates from the IPCC and Global Carbon Project.

scholarly journals STRATIFIKASI SIMPANAN KARBON DIATAS PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA LAHAN GAMBUT PASANG SURUT DAN LEBAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Zakiah ◽  
Nur Wakhid ◽  
Dedi Nursyamsi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive

The carbon stored in peatlands is huge not only from soil but also from vegetation. Carbon stocks can decrease when there are human activities such as land use changes. Measuring and monitoring carbon stocks are necessary as the basis for assessment of the impact of land management technology applications to conservation and carbon emissions associated with sustainable management system of peatland. The purpose of this study was to determine the stratification of above ground C-stock in tidal peatland and fresh water swampland. Above ground C-stock stratification based on the types of vegetation. The stratification was conducted to distinguish vegetation conditions based on the volume of biomass and carbon content in an observation plot. The measurement of above ground C-stock was carried out by destructive and non destructive refers to Hairiah K and Rahayu (2007), after that the estimation of carbon stockswas conducted on tidal peatland (land use rubber + pineapple, rubber folk and shrubs) and peat in fresh water swampland (land use rubber 4-5 years and 2-3 years). The results showed that the types of vegetation, plant density and management affect of carbon stocks. Carbon stocks in tree vegetation are higher than shrubs. The high of plant density affects the sunlight used for photosynthesis, through photosynthesis, CO2 is absorbed and converted by plants into organic carbon in the form of biomass. Arrangement and maintenance of the plant affects the storage of carbon in a land use.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Land Use and Occupation on the Biophysical Variables of the Cerrado Biome in Southwest Goiano, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Victor H. Moraes ◽  
Pedro R. Giongo ◽  
Marcio Mesquita ◽  
Thomas J. Cavalcante ◽  
Matheus V. A. Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Quantitative Classification ◽  
The Impact

The change in the use of natural vegetation by annual or perennial crops, sugarcane and fast-growing forests causes changes in the biophysical variables, and these changes can be monitored by remote sensing. The objective of this work was to evaluate, on a temporal scale, the impacts of land use changes on biophysical variables in the county of Santa Helena de Goias-Goias/Brazil. Between the years of 2000 to 2015 areas were identified for agricultural crops 1 (annual crops), water, agricultural crops 2 (sugarcane), natural vegetation, pasture and urban areas. The MODIS (Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer) sensor products were selected for study: MOD11A2-Surface temperature; MOD16A2-Real evapotranspiration, MOD13Q1-Enhanced Vegetation Index and rainfall data from TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission). The geographic coordinates referring to the land uses were inserted in the LAPIG platform, searching the information of the biophysical variables referring to the selected pixel. The impact of land use change was evaluated by calculating the weighted average through the quantitative classification of the areas. It is concluded for the period of study that the index of average vegetation of the county had increase. There was an increase in the evapotranspiration volume of the county from 28% from 2000 to 2013 and the average surface temperature of the county showed a reduction of 2 °C in the period from 2000 to 2015.

scholarly journals Carbon stocks and dynamics of different land uses on the Cerrado agricultural frontier

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241637
Author(s):  
Emily Ane Dionizio ◽  
Fernando Martins Pimenta ◽  
Lucas Barbosa Lima ◽  
Marcos Heil Costa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Frontier ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks

The largest and most dynamic agricultural frontier in Brazil is known as MATOPIBA, an area that covers part of the Cerrado biome. Within this region, Western Bahia stands out as a large producer of soy and cotton. There are no studies that quantify carbon stocks for different land uses and land cover types in Western Bahia, which hinders comprehension of the role of agricultural expansion in carbon dynamics and the development of sustainable agriculture policies. Here, we evaluate how the land use changes in this region have affected the carbon balance in the aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and soil reservoirs. We collected soil samples for areas with different land uses and land cover types to estimate soil carbon stocks (SCS) and combined remote sensing results and modeling techniques to develop a historical reconstruction of spatial patterns of SCS, AGB, and BGB during the period 1990–2018. The replacement of areas from the forest formations class with pasture and rainfed agriculture reduced the 100 cm depth SCS (SCS100) by 37.3% (p = 0.031) and 30.3% (p = 0.053), respectively. By contrast, the conversion of pasture and rainfed agriculture to irrigated agriculture increased SCS100 by 34% (p = 0.034) and 26.5% (p = 0.022), respectively. Spatial changes in historical carbon stocks are strongly associated with land use changes that occurred between 1990 and 2018. We estimated a non-significant loss of 61.9 Tg-C (p = 0.726) from the total carbon stocks (calculated as the sum of AGB, BGB, and SCS) of which 80% of the losses came from soil stocks, 11% from BGB, and 8% from AGB. These findings reveal the need to monitor carbon stocks in sandy soils to reduce the uncertainties of estimates and support the development of effective sustainable agriculture policies. The best alternatives for reducing carbon losses in the Cerrado are to maintain natural forest cover and to recover soils through sustainable soil management, especially in pasturelands where soil carbon stocks are lowest.

scholarly journals Soil carbon response to land-use change: Evaluation of a global vegetation model using meta-data

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia S. Nyawira ◽  
Julia E. M. S. Nabel ◽  
Axel Don ◽  
Victor Brovkin ◽  
Julia Pongratz
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Meta Data ◽  
Vegetation Models ◽  
Global Vegetation

Abstract. Global model estimates of soil carbon changes from past land-use changes remain uncertain. We develop an approach for evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) against existing observational meta-data on soil carbon changes following land-use change. Using the DGVM JSBACH, we perform idealized simulations where the entire globe is covered by one vegetation type, which then undergoes a land-use change to another vegetation type. We select the grid cells that represent the climatic conditions of the meta-data and compare the mean simulated soil carbon changes to the meta-data. Our simulated results show model agreement with the meta-data on the direction of changes in soil carbon for some, but not all land-use changes, while the magnitude of simulated changes is smaller than in the meta-data. The conversion of crop to forest results in soil carbon gain of 10 % and that of forest to crop to a loss of −15 % compared to a gain of 42 % and loss of −40 %, respectively, in the meta-data. However, the conversion of crop to grass results in a small soil carbon loss (−4 %), while the meta-data indicate a gain in soil carbon of 38 %. These model deviations from the meta-data are substantially reduced by explicitly accounting for crop harvesting and switching off burning in grasslands in the model. We conclude that our idealized simulation approach provides an appropriate framework for evaluating DGVMs against meta-data and that this evaluation helps to identify the causes of deviation of simulated soil carbon changes from the meta-data.

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