Basic Anatomy and Muscle Biology

2001 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Biology

scholarly journals Modulation of alternative splicing of trafficking genes by genome editing reveals functional consequences in muscle biology

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Eric Blue ◽  
Amrita Koushik ◽  
Nichlas M. Engels ◽  
Hannah J. Wiedner ◽  
Thomas A. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Muscle Biology

Recent X-ray diffraction studies of muscle

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Regular Structure ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
Natural State ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Muscle Biology

An intact living muscle has such a regular structure that it diffracts light or X-rays, thereby providing patterns that contain uniquely valuable information. Interpretation of these patterns is not straightforward, but is helped by light microscopy and electron microscopy, which can often provide similar though less reliable information. At all levels of complexity, from that of the fibrils to that of the molecules, structure in a muscle is orderly. No other natural cell assembly is so suited to study by the diffraction method, and the results obtained in recent years are an outstanding example of how this method can elucidate a biological problem. In contrast to protein crystallography, where the system studied is artificial, muscle can be examined in its natural state, during normal activity. The levels of structure explored as yet in muscle are above that of the atoms in the molecules. Such structure is more commonly investigated by electron microscopy, and the application of the diffraction method to living muscle has provided a valuable check on the preparative artifacts that worry the microscopist. The great complexity of a muscle, as compared with a protein crystal, and the fact that the system is only semi-crystalline, giving a much less detailed diffraction pattern, make the problems of interpretation especially difficult. But a great deal of useful information is available about other properties of muscle and its constituents, and the flourishing state of muscle biology at present is a major factor contributing to the successful application of the diffraction method.

scholarly journals 16th Meeting of the Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM) - Assisi (Italy), October 17-20, 2019: Foreword, Program and Abstracts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Gabellini ◽  
Antonio Musarò
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Poster Sessions ◽  
Muscle Research ◽  
Muscle Biology ◽  
October 17 ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scientific Collaborations

The 16th Meeting of the Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), October 17-20, 2019, Assisi, Italy brought together scientists, pharma and patient organization representatives discussing new results on muscle research. Internationally renowned Keynote speakers presented advances on muscle development, homeostasis, metabolism, and disease. Speakers selected among submitted abstracts presented their new, unpublished data in seven scientific sessions. The remaining abstracts were showcased in two poster sessions. Young trainees where directly involved in the selection of keynote speakers, the organizing scientific sessions and roundtables discussions tailored to the interests of their peers. A broad Italian, European and North-American audience participated to the different initiatives. The meeting allowed muscle biology researchers to discuss ideas and scientific collaborations aimed at better understanding the mechanisms underlaying muscle diseases in order to develop better therapeutic strategies. The active participation of young trainees was facilitated by the friendly and inclusive atmosphere, which fostered lively discussions identifying emerging areas of myology research and stimulated scientific cross-fertilization. The meeting was a success and the IIM community will continue to bring forward significant contributions to the understanding of muscle development and function, the pathogenesis of muscular diseases and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we report abstracts of the meeting illustrating novel results of basic, translational, and clinical research, which confirms that the Myology field is strong and healthy.

Skeletal Muscle Wasting: The Estrogen Side of Sexual Dimorphism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawna L. McMillin ◽  
Everett C. Minchew ◽  
Dawn A. Lowe ◽  
Espen E. Spangenburg
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Wasting ◽  
Muscle Biology ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Equal Efficacy

The importance of defining sex differences across various biological and physiological mechanisms is more pervasive now than it has been over the last 15-20 years. As the muscle biology field pushes to identify small molecules and interventions to prevent, attenuate or even reverse muscle wasting, we must consider the effect of sex as a biological variable. It should not be assumed that a therapeutic will affect males and females with equal efficacy or equivalent target affinities under conditions where muscle wasting is observed. With that said, it is not surprising to find that we have an unclear or even a poor understanding of the effects of sex or sex hormones on muscle wasting conditions. Although recent investigations are beginning to establish experimental approaches that will allow investigators to assess the impact of sex-specific hormones on muscle wasting, the field still has not established enough published scientific tools that will allow the field to rigorously address critical hypotheses. Thus, the purpose of this review is to assemble a current summary of knowledge in the area of sexual dimorphism driven by estrogens with an effort to provide insights to interested physiologists on necessary considerations when trying to assess models for potential sex differences in cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle wasting.

scholarly journals Single-nucleus RNA-seq identifies transcriptional heterogeneity in multinucleated skeletal myofibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Petrany ◽  
Casey O. Swoboda ◽  
Chengyi Sun ◽  
Kashish Chetal ◽  
Xiaoting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Myotendinous Junction ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Muscle Biology ◽  
Single Nucleus ◽  
Aging Muscle

AbstractWhile the majority of cells contain a single nucleus, cell types such as trophoblasts, osteoclasts, and skeletal myofibers require multinucleation. One advantage of multinucleation can be the assignment of distinct functions to different nuclei, but comprehensive interrogation of transcriptional heterogeneity within multinucleated tissues has been challenging due to the presence of a shared cytoplasm. Here, we utilized single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) to determine the extent of transcriptional diversity within multinucleated skeletal myofibers. Nuclei from mouse skeletal muscle were profiled across the lifespan, which revealed the presence of distinct myonuclear populations emerging in postnatal development as well as aging muscle. Our datasets also provided a platform for discovery of genes associated with rare specialized regions of the muscle cell, including markers of the myotendinous junction and functionally validated factors expressed at the neuromuscular junction. These findings reveal that myonuclei within syncytial muscle fibers possess distinct transcriptional profiles that regulate muscle biology.

scholarly journals Analysis of mRNA expression of CNN3, DCN, FBN2, POSTN, SPARC and YWHAQ genes in porcine foetal and adult skeletal muscles

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bílek ◽  
A. Knoll ◽  
A. Stratil ◽  
K. Svobodová ◽  
P. Horák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Muscle Biology ◽  
Fetal Muscle

Skeletal muscle growth is determined by the number of prenatally formed fibres and by the degree of their postnatal hypertrophy; i.e. prenatal development may influence the postnatal growth. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to identify genes more expressed in fetal hind limb muscles of Piétrain pigs (44 days of gestation) compared to the adult biceps femoris. Six potential functional candidate genes (<i>CNN3</i>, <i>DCN</i>, <i>FBN2</i>, <i>POSTN</i>, <i>SPARC</i> and <i>YWHAQ</i>) were selected to verify the SSH results using real-time RT-PCR. Expression levels of the studied genes were significantly higher (<i>P</i>< 0.05) in the fetal muscle compared to the adult muscle. <i>FBN</i>2 and <i>POSTN</i> exhibited the highest mRNA levels (mean relative ratios were 182.7 and 121.6, respectively). The studied genes may play an important role in muscle biology and may be candidates for muscling traits.

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