Biological Diversity Loss and the March of Invasive Species

2009 ◽  
pp. 437-452
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Diversity Loss

scholarly journals Interactions Between the Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail (Potamopyrgus Antipodarum) and a Native Snail (Fossaria Bakerilymnaea Bulimoides Group) in the Greater Yeelowstone

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Heather Thon ◽  
Amy Krist
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
American West ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Potamopyrgus Antipodarum ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
And Function ◽  
New Zealand Mud Snail ◽  
The Impact

Understanding invasive species impacts is critical to determining how an ecosystem may function after an introduction. Invasive species can alter the structure and function of ecosystems, reduce biological diversity, and alter communities through predation, facilitation and competition. In the past 30 years, the invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) has established in areas of conservation concern in the American West including Yellowstone National Park. To develop a greater understanding of the impact of P. antipodarum on the native co-occurring snail, Fossaria (Bakerilymnaea) bulimoides group, we conducted two experiments to assess the interactions occurring between these snails. We found that F. bulimoides growth was reduced by all interactors, but especially by P. antipodarum. In addition, growth of F. bulimoides was much more affected by high biomass of snails than P. antipodarum. P. antipodarum grew more in the presence of interactors and their growth was facilitated by the presence of the native snail F. bulimoides.

The Quiet Invasion: Legal and Policy Responses to Aquatic Invasive Species in North America

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Aquatic Invasive Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Species Problem ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
And Control

AbstractInvasive species are a serious threat to biological diversity and cause economic losses to such industries as agriculture, aquaculture, and forestry. The magnitude of the aquatic invasive species problem has increased exponentially with the expansion of world trade. In response, there have been some efforts made internationally and domestically to prevent, eradicate and control aquatic invasive species in recent years. This article provides an overview of those efforts. It is becoming clear, however, that the response to date has been inadequate, and much remains to be done. New pathways and new invasions are still being discovered, often at a stage when invaders have become well established, thereby making prevention, eradication and control very expensive and difficult to achieve. This study provides a survey of legal tools available to address aquatic invasive species, and suggests possible responses.

scholarly journals Wikipedia, a Tool for Knowledge Dissemination on Invasive Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Groom ◽  
Vanessa Lozano ◽  
Sofie Meeus ◽  
Carlos Olmedo Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
General Public ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
English Edition ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Issue

One of the most important issues for controlling the spread of invasive species is public awareness (Dehnen-Schmutz et al. 2018). Passively, the public are responsible for the spread of invasive species, for example by moving dirty boats from one water body to another. But they also actively spread invasive species by releasing them in the wild. The spread of some invasive species could be slowed or even halted if the general public were more aware of the risks. Furthermore, this is a global issue, not restricted to one country or language, and hence needs to be tackled at an international level. The Convention on Biological Diversity has a specific target to identify pathways of introduction and manage invasive species (Convention on Biological Diversity 2014). As part of this awareness-raising, the public needs information on how to identify invasive species, as well as how to know their regulatory status, distribution and transmission. They also need to be aware of how invasive species impact biodiversity, ecosystem services and health. This information needs to be up-to-date, reliable and unbiased, but also supported by evidence. Many information platforms exist on invasive species and new information is being generated all the time on this dynamic issue. However, pre-eminent among information sources on the internet is Wikipedia. Consistently ranked in the top ten of most visited websites, with more than 15 billion page views a month across 300 language editions, it is the go-to website on many subjects (Wikimedia 2019). Invasive species such as the zebra mussel and water hyacinth receive over 500 daily page views, just on the English edition alone. Wikipedia is arguably one of the largest citizen science projects, containing information on every area of science and connecting, through its citations, scientific literature with the general public. Wikipedia has been criticized about many aspects of its content and editorship, including its quality and neutrality (Kumar et al. 2016, Wagner et al. 2016, Hargittai and Shaw 2014). Nevertheless, its dominance in the provision of information cannot be ignored and addressing Wikipedia's problems by direct engagement might be more productive than ignoring it. Increasingly, different disciplines are engaging with Wikipedia for communication, recognizing that it can be a productive communication channel (Murray 2018). Invasive species are a global problem and tackling them is a global issue. We have been investigating the current status of invasive species information on Wikipedia, whether it contains relevant information on impacts and control, and whether the information is consistent across different language versions. We will present what we have found and make recommendations on what to improve and how we can engage with Wikipedia.

scholarly journals Population Structure and Curative Uses of Invasive Plants in and around the Protected Forests of Bangladesh: A Means of Utilization of Potential Invasive Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
Bishwajit Roy
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Protected Forests

Invasive plants were planted in Bangladesh to improve the stand stock quickly and meet the country’s rapidly growing demand for timber. Although invasive species have negative impacts on local ecosystems, but some species are useful too. Therefore, the present study was conducted in and around two protected forests of Bangladesh to assess the status, species diversity, and curative uses of invasive plants. A total of 60 sample plots were surveyed from 5 habitat types, for example, forest, roadside, homestead, fallow land, and others. Plants uses data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions. Study recorded 43 invasive medicinal plant species belonging to 28 families, of which Asteraceae constituted the highest family importance value (21.9). Among the habitat types, fallow land (32 species) and roadside (29 species) possess the highest number of species. Based on people’s perceptions, plants were categorized into three level of invasion: low (11 species), moderate (19 species), and high (13 species). The use of aerial plant parts was higher (68%) than the whole plant (17%). Consensus of local community’s (ICF) was high in managing gastrointestinal (0.65) followed by respiratory (0.60) diseases. A number of biological diversity indices were applied to quantify definite diversity. Therefore, a national programme must be initiated to increased invasive plant inventory, monitoring, and research on distinguishing the harmful from the harmless species and identifying the potential uses of invasive species.

scholarly journals Potensi Environmental DNA (e-DNA) Untuk Pemantauan dan Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Siti Marfuah ◽  
Beivy Jonathan Kolondam ◽  
Trina Ekawati Tallei
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Oxidase Subunit

(Article History: Received January 6, 2021; Revised February 12, 2021; Accepted February 28, 2021) ABSTRAK Hilangnya spesies dan adanya spesies invasif dalam suatu habitat dapat menjadi ancaman bagi spesies asli dalam satu ekosistem. Untuk itu diperlukan teknik terkini yang mampu mendeteksi keberadaan suatu organisme. Salah satu teknik yang dapat mendeteksi organisme target di lingkungan secara cepat dan akurat yaitu environmental DNA (e-DNA).Tujuan dari ulasan artikel ini yaitu untuk mengeksplorasi kemampuan e-DNA secara ekogenomik untuk pemantauan dan konservasi keanekaragaman hayati. Ulasan artikel ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari berbagai database yang berbasis dalam jaringan. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa dengan menggunakan pendekatan e-DNA pemantauan dan konsevasi keanekaragaman hayati dapat dideteksi sesuai dengan taksonomi organisme dan penanda molekuler. Penanda molekuler Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit 1 (COI) mampu mendeteksi berbagai spesies baik langka dan invasif. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan e-DNA dapat dijadikan sebagai metode untuk pemantauan dan konsevasi keanekaragaman hayati pada berbagai ekosistem.Kata - kata kunci: environmental DNA; keanekaragaman hayati dan konservasi; penanda molekuler  ABSTRACTThe loss of species and the presence of invasive species in a habitat can be a threat to native species in an ecosystem. So we need the latest techniques that are able to detect the presence of an organism. One technique that can detect target organisms in the environment quickly and accurately is environmental DNA (e-DNA). The purpose of this review article is to explore the ecogenomic ability of e-DNA for monitoring and conservation of biodiversity. This article reviews using secondary data obtained from various network-based databases. The results of the analysis show that by using the e-DNA approach, monitoring and conservation of biological diversity can be detected according to the taxonomy of organisms and molecular markers. Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit 1 (COI) molecular markers are capable of detecting a variety of both rare and invasive species. Thus it can be concluded that the e-DNA approach can be used as a method for monitoring and conservation of biological diversity in various ecosystems.Keywords: environmental DNA; biodiversity and conservation; molecular markers

scholarly journals Invasive species and habitat degradation in Iberian streams: an analysis of their role in freshwater fish diversity loss

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio Hermoso ◽  
Miguel Clavero ◽  
Francisco Blanco-Garrido ◽  
José Prenda
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Diversity Loss

scholarly journals How Can Phytochemists Benefit from Invasive Plants?

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401
Author(s):  
Peihong Fan ◽  
Andrew Marston
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Plant Resource

The phenomenon of invasive alien species has become one of the greatest threats to the biological diversity of the planet, placing major constraints on development. In order to provide the tools needed to address this pervasive issue, the current knowledge on invasive species must be further developed with a cross-sectoral and multidisciplinary approach. Recent theories of invasion propose that exotic plants probably produce secondary metabolites which can be allelopathic, antiherbivore, antimicrobial and which are either unique or underrepresented in the plants’ new range. This review attempts to attract the attention of phytochemists to study either the mechanisms of plant invasion or to use this widespread plant resource for humans.

scholarly journals Ecological significance of some kenophytes in Lower Silesian national parks

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Fabiszewski ◽  
Teresa Brej
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
Reproduction Strategies

The paper presents the results of several years investigations (2003-2007) on two invaders: the Himalayans <em>Impatiens glandulifera</em> and Asiatic <em>Reynoutria japonica</em>. The Sudety Mountains and their national parks are under strong pressure of both species, threatening the local vegetation. The four-year investigations have been carried out in field, glasshouse and in laboratory. Invasive species have their peculiar life histories which help them to occupy new areas. Those are above all the specific generative reproduction strategies (<em>Impatiens</em>) or vegetative reproduction strategies (<em>Reynoutria</em>). Both strategies secure the reproductive success and to capture more and more highly situated areas of the mountains. Very significant characteristics connected with the expansion of invaders is the excessively over and above the average production of seeds (<em>Impatiens</em>) and a huge annual increment aboveground biomass (<em>Reynoutria</em>). The investigated invasive species are probably not equipped with influence of allelopatic type as of greater importance is their competitive strength. The invaders can eliminate a part of the early spring flora belonging to the geophyte group and impoverish the regional biological diversity. Both the invasive plants enter also into some moist mountain forest communities.

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