Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination with Munition Constituents in North America

2009 ◽  
pp. 305-336
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
North America ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Munition Constituents

Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination with Munition Constituents in North America

2009 ◽  
pp. 277-307
Author(s):  
Pierre Yves Robidoux ◽  
Sonia Thiboutot ◽  
Mark Johnson ◽  
Ronald Checkai ◽  
Roman Kuperman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
North America ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Munition Constituents

scholarly journals The Ecological Risk Assessment and the Chemical Speciation of Heavy Metals in Ash after the Incineration of Municipal Sewage Sludge

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Latosińska ◽  
Przemysław Czapik
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
Sludge Ash

Popular incineration of sewage sludge results in the increase in heavy metals content in ash. The knowledge of the total content of heavy metals in sewage sludge ash does not demonstrate a potential hazard. The toxicity of heavy metals in great measure depends on the form of their occurrence. The prevailing norms do not require the ecological risk assessment of the environmental burden with heavy metals for the choice of the method of the utilization of sewage sludge ash. The paper presents the research results on the mobility of heavy metals in sewage sludge ash after its incineration. The geo-accumulation index (IGAI), the potential ecological risk index (PERI) and the risk assessment code (RAC) were used for the evaluation of the potential soil contamination with heavy metals. The authors also suggested a new formula, which took into consideration more factors influencing the risk of the contamination of a water-soil environment with heavy metals—the water and soil environment risk index (WSERI). The calculated indices for sewage sludge ash indicate the risk of soil contamination with heavy metals.

The ecological risk assessment of soil contamination with Ti and Fe at military sites in Ukraine: avoidance and reproduction tests with Folsomia candida

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Iwona Gruss ◽  
Tatyana Stefanovska ◽  
Jacek Twardowski ◽  
Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽  
Pavlo Shapoval
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Folsomia Candida ◽  
Avoidance Test ◽  
Reproduction Test ◽  
Reproduction Tests

Abstract The aim of this research was to assess the effect of soil contamination with titanium (Ti) and iron (Fe) at military sites in Ukraine using the avoidance and reproduction tests with Folsomia candida (springtail). The soil used for the tests was sampled in 2017 from Dolyna, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine from two plots, namely a contaminated and a control site. The sample site is a former military site previously used for tank training. At the control site mainly the concentrations of Ti and Fe were exceeded. The control soil was free from contamination. The avoidance test and reproduction test were conducted with the use of springtail species F. candida. The following nine levels of contamination with heavy metals were established: 1%, 1.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The duration of the avoidance test was 7 days, and that of the reproduction test was 28 days. Overall, the results show that the avoidance and reproduction tests with collembolans have the potential to be used as screening tools in an ecological risk assessment of heavy metals. In the avoidance test, the concentrations from 1.5 to 100% significantly decreased the number of F. candida in the contamination site in comparison to the control site. At the same time, avoidance was not observed in the first concentration (1%). According to the reproduction test, the negative effect on the number of F. candida juveniles was observed beginning at the 10% dose. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) for the avoidance test was 50.12%, while that for the reproduction test was 22.39%. The contamination with heavy metals at the military areas indicated the short- and long-term toxicity risk on the springtail F. candida.

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