The Role of Anions in the Foliar Uptake of Nutrients as Influenced by Edta and Tween-20 Adjuvants

2018 ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
C. D. McPhail ◽  
H. J. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Tween 20 ◽  
Foliar Uptake ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

Studies on Water in Barnacle Muscle Fibres II. Role of ions and Organic Solutes in Swelling of Chemically-skinned Fibres

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-63
Author(s):  
M. E. CLARK ◽  
J. A. M. HINKE ◽  
M. E. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Skinned Fibres ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Organic Solute

Single muscle fibres from the giant barnacle, Balanus nubilis, were chemically skinned (2% Tween 20), then equilibrated for 40 h in salt solutions ranging in ionic strength from 0·025 to 0·6M at pH 7·0. The water content of the fibres and the net charge on the myofilaments increased with increasing salt concentration. Cation accumulation in the fibres was about equal to anion exclusion at all salt concentrations. When an organic solute (trimethylamine oxide, glycine, alanine, serine, proline, or glycerol) in the concentration range from 0·1 to 0·6 M was added to the salt solution, cation accumulation increased and water content decreased. Myofilament architecture was disrupted when the fibres were equilibrated in high salt (> 0·4 M) solutions and preserved when 0·5 M-triethylamine oxide was also added. The results are consistent with the view that organic solutes enhance the association between the fixed charge sites and their counterions. This hypothesis is examined quantitatively using the Oosawa relationship between the volume and the counterion association for cylindrical polyelectrolytes. The results illustrate that organic solutes can influence fibre volume in a way other than through osmo-regulation.

Do macrophytes play a role in constructed treatment wetlands?

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Brix
Keyword(s):  
Surface Flow ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Aquatic Mosses ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Constructed Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

The larger aquatic plants growing in wetlands are usually called macrophytes. These include aquatic vascular plants, aquatic mosses and some larger algae. The presence or absence of aquatic macrophytes is one of the characteristics used to define wetlands, and as such macrophytes are an indispensable component of these ecosystems. As the most important removal processes in constructed treatment wetlands are based on physical and microbial processes, the role of the macrophytes in these has been questioned. This paper summarizes how macrophytes influence the treatment processes in wetlands. The most important functions of the macrophytes in relation to the treatment of wastewater are the physical effects the presence of the plants gives rise to. The macrophytes stabilise the surface of the beds, provide good conditions for physical filtration, prevent vertical flow systems from clogging, insulate the surface against frost during winter, and provide a huge surface area for attached microbial growth. Contrary to earlier belief, the growth of macrophytes does not increase the hydraulic conductivity of the substrate in soil-based subsurface flow constructed wetlands. The metabolism of the macrophytes affects the treatment processes to different extents depending on the type of the constructed wetland. Plant uptake of nutrients is only of quantitative importance in low-loaded systems (surface flow systems). Macrophyte mediated transfer of oxygen to the rhizosphere by leakage from roots increases aerobic degradation of organic matter and nitrification. The macrophytes have additional site-specific values by providing habitat for wildlife and making wastewater treatment systems aesthetically pleasing.

Some Observations on the Role of the Body Wall of Acanthocephalus Ranae in Lipid Uptake

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
R. A. HAMMOND
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients ◽  
Lipid Excretion

1. Acanthocephalus ranae has been found to take up glyceryl tri[oleate-9,10-3H] solely through the surface of the trunk. The proboscis and lemnisci play no part in the uptake of this material. The large amounts of lipid present in the latter organs may be evidence of their involvement in lipid excretion. 2. Fat-soluble dyes are taken up by the animal and accumulate in lipid droplets in the lemnisci and proboscis wall. It is suggested that such dyes do not enter the animal through the surface of the proboscis, as has been suggested previously, but through the surface of the trunk. 3. The structure of the acanthocephalan body wall is discussed in relation to the uptake of nutrients.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and nodulation of the annual legume messina (Melilotus siculus) under saline and non-saline conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. L. Wilson ◽  
G. J. Ash ◽  
J. D. I. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients ◽  
Saline Land

Messina [Melilotus siculus (Turra) Vitman ex. B. D Jacks] is a salt- and waterlogging-tolerant annual legume that could be highly productive on saline land. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a symbiotic relationship with the majority of terrestrial plant species, and improved productivity of plants inoculated with AM fungi under saline conditions has been attributed to the increased uptake of nutrients such as phosphorus (P). However, the mycorrhizal status of M. siculus under saline or non-saline conditions is unknown, as is the role of AM in improved nutrition and nodulation. In this study, the role of AM fungi in growth improvement and nodulation of M. siculus was examined in saline and non-saline soil. The M. siculus plants were inoculated with either a single AM species or mixed AM species, or remained uninoculated, and were grown at three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 80, and 250 mm NaCl). AM-inoculated plants had significantly greater nodulation than plants that did not receive AM inoculum, regardless of salinity level. Plants inoculated with mixed AM species at 250 mm NaCl showed improved survival (90%) compared with the plants inoculated with single AM species or uninoculated control plants (30%). Within each salinity level, plants inoculated with mixed AM species had significantly greater dry weight than all other treatments. In addition, plants inoculated with mixed AM species had increased total uptake of P. It is likely that the increased growth observed in AM-inoculated M. siculus plants is due to improved P nutrition, showing the potential of AM fungi to enhance the growth of M. siculus on saline land.

Critical Review: Role of Inorganic Nanoparticle Properties on Their Foliar Uptake and in Planta Translocation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Avellan ◽  
Jie Yun ◽  
Bruno P. Morais ◽  
Emma T. Clement ◽  
Sonia M. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Foliar Uptake ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticle

Role of the Tsc1-Tsc2 Complex in Signaling and Transport Across the Cell Membrane in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 1053-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanae Matsumoto ◽  
Amitabha Bandyopadhyay ◽  
David J Kwiatkowski ◽  
Umadas Maitra ◽  
Tomohiro Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Protein Trafficking ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Amino Acid Permease ◽  
Human Proteins ◽  
P Factor ◽  
Yeast Genes ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients

Abstract Heterozygous inactivation of either human TSC1 or TSC2 causes tuberous sclerosis (TSC), in which development of benign tumors, hamartomas, occurs via a two-hit mechanism. In this study, fission yeast genes homologous to TSC1 and TSC2 were identified, and their protein products were shown to physically interact like the human gene products. Strains lacking tsc1+ or tsc2+ were defective in uptake of nutrients from the environment. An amino acid permease, which is normally positioned on the plasma membrane, aggregated in the cytoplasm or was confined in vacuole-like structures in Δtsc1 and Δtsc2 strains. Deletion of tsc1+ or tsc2+ also caused a defect in conjugation. When a limited number of the cells were mixed, they conjugated poorly. The conjugation efficiency was improved by increased cell density. Δtsc1 cells were not responsive to a mating pheromone, P-factor, suggesting that Tsc1 has an important role in the signal cascade for conjugation. These results indicate that the fission yeast Tsc1-Tsc2 complex plays a role in the regulation of protein trafficking and suggest a similar function for the human proteins. We also show that fission yeast Int6 is involved in a similar process, but functions in an independent genetic pathway.

scholarly journals Development and Optimization of Naringenin-Loaded Chitosan-Coated Nanoemulsion for Topical Therapy in Wound Healing

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah H. Akrawi ◽  
Bapi Gorain ◽  
Anroop B. Nair ◽  
Hira Choudhury ◽  
Manisha Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Globule Size ◽  
Nih 3T3

The potential role of naringenin (NAR), a natural flavonoid, in the treatment of chronic wound has prompted the present research to deliver the drug in nanoemulsion (NE) form, where synergistic role of chitosan was achieved through development of chitosan-coated NAR NE (CNNE). The NE consisted of Capryol 90, Tween 20 and Transcutol P, which was fabricated by low-energy emulsification method to encapsulate NAR within the oil core. The optimization of the formulated NEs was performed using Box–Behnken statistical design to obtain crucial variable parameters that influence globule size, size distribution and surface charge. Finally, the optimized formulation was coated with different concentrations of chitosan and subsequently characterized in vitro. The size of the CNNE was found to be increased when the drug-loaded formulation was coated with chitosan. Controlled release characteristics depicted 67–81% release of NAR from the CNNE, compared to 89% from the NE formulation. Cytotoxicity study of the formulation was performed in vitro using fibroblast cell line (NIH-3T3), where no inhibition in proliferation of the cells was observed with CNNE. Finally, the wound healing potential of the CNNE was evaluated in an abrasion-created wound model in experimental animals where the animals were treated and compared histologically at 0 and 14 days. Significant improvement in construction of the abrasion wound was observed when the animals were treated with formulated CNNE, whereas stimulation of skin regeneration was depicted in the histological examination. Therefore, it could be summarized that the chitosan coating of the developed NAR NE is a potential platform to accelerate healing of wounds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document