Analysis of foliar uptake of pesticides in barley leaves: Role of epicuticular waxes and compartmentation

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schreiber ◽  
Jörg Schönherr
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Uptake ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Barley Leaves

Role of protein synthesis and light in the regulation of senescence in detached barley leaves

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Cuello ◽  
Maria J. Quiles ◽  
Bartolome Sabater
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Barley Leaves

scholarly journals Role of needle surface waxes in dynamic exchange of mono- and sesquiterpenes

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 7813-7823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Joensuu ◽  
Nuria Altimir ◽  
Hannele Hakola ◽  
Michael Rostás ◽  
Maarit Raivonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Conifer Needles ◽  
Air Chemistry ◽  
Surface Waxes ◽  
Dynamic Exchange ◽  
Outdoor Location

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) produced by plants have a major role in atmospheric chemistry. The different physicochemical properties of BVOCs affect their transport within and out of the plant as well as their reactions along the way. Some of these compounds may accumulate in or on the waxy surface layer of conifer needles and participate in chemical reactions on or near the foliage surface. The aim of this work was to determine whether terpenes, a key category of BVOCs produced by trees, can be found on the epicuticles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and, if so, how they compare with the terpenes found in shoot emissions of the same tree. We measured shoot-level emissions of pine seedlings at a remote outdoor location in central Finland and subsequently analysed the needle surface waxes for the same compounds. Both emissions and wax extracts were clearly dominated by monoterpenes, but the proportion of sesquiterpenes was higher in the wax extracts. There were also differences in the terpene spectra of the emissions and the wax extracts. The results, therefore, support the existence of BVOC associated to the epicuticular waxes. We briefly discuss the different pathways for terpenes to reach the needle surfaces and the implications for air chemistry.

Aspects of programmed cell death during early senescence of barley leaves: possible role of nitric oxide

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 232 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kołodziejek ◽  
J. Kozioł-Lipińska ◽  
M. Wałęza ◽  
J. Korczyński ◽  
A. Mostowska
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Barley Leaves

scholarly journals Phytoglobin overexpression promotes barley growth in the presence of enhanced level of atmospheric nitric oxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (17) ◽  
pp. 4521-4537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangli Zhang ◽  
Franz Buegger ◽  
Andreas Albert ◽  
Andrea Ghirardo ◽  
Barbro Winkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Dry Matter Weight ◽  
Quantum Yield Of Psii

Abstract To investigate the effect of high atmospheric NO concentrations on crop plants and the role of phytoglobins under these conditions, we performed a long-term study on barley ‘Golden Promise’ wild type (WT), class 1 phytoglobin knockdown (HvPgb1.1−) and class 1 phytoglobin overexpression (HvPgb1.1+) lines. Plants were cultivated with nitrogen-free nutrient solution during the entire growth period and were fumigated with different NO concentration (ambient, 800, 1500, and 3000 ppb). Analysis of fresh weight, stem number, chlorophyll content, and effective quantum yield of PSII showed that NO fumigation promoted plant growth and tillering significantly in the HvPgb1.1+ line. After 80 d of NO fumigation, dry matter weight, spikes number, kernel number, and plant kernel weight were significantly increased in HvPgb1.1+ plants with increasing NO concentration. In contrast, yield decreased in WT and HvPgb1.1− plants the higher the NO level. Application of atmospheric 15NO and 15NO2 demonstrated NO specificity of phytoglobins. 15N from 15NO could be detected in RNA, DNA, and proteins of barley leaves and the 15N levels were significantly higher in HvPgb1.1+ plants in comparison with HvPgb1.1− and WT plants. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of phytoglobins allows plants to more efficiently use atmospheric NO as N source.

Critical Review: Role of Inorganic Nanoparticle Properties on Their Foliar Uptake and in Planta Translocation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Avellan ◽  
Jie Yun ◽  
Bruno P. Morais ◽  
Emma T. Clement ◽  
Sonia M. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Foliar Uptake ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticle

scholarly journals Ramularia collo-cygni: a new pathogen spreading in barley fields in Estonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Mäe ◽  
Pille Sooväli ◽  
Lee Põllumaa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Ramularia Leaf Spot ◽  
Barley Leaves

Ramularia leaf spot (RLS) caused by the fungus Ramularia collo-cygni (Rcc) is affecting barley fields throughout temperate regions worldwide. The first finding of RLS in Estonia was reported on spring barley in 2012 and since then the area of RLS infection has been widening in Estonia. This work has been carried out to monitor the natural infection of Rcc in two winter barley cultivars and to follow artificial fungal infection by a PCR-based assay. Using our approach, we could detect presence of the fungal pathogen in barley leaves before the appearance of disease symptoms at early growth stages. Response of two tested cultivars to Rcc infection in the field conditions was different, showing genotype-environment interaction in the development and spreading of Rcc. In harvested grain samples at the end of growing season no Rcc infection was detected. The role of external inoculum, Rcc conidia transmitted from various grasses (Poaceae) growing next to crop fields, is discussed. These results provide further insight into the epidemiology of Rcc.

scholarly journals The role of cytokinins in the development and metabolism of barley leaves. I. The effect of cytokinins on leaf senescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Woźny ◽  
A. Szweykowska ◽  
J. Legocka
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Cytokinin Action ◽  
Natural Cytokinin

The loss of chlorophyll during dark-induced ageing of barley leaves was prevented to a similar extent by kinetin and the natural cytokinin, 6-Δ<sup>2</sup>-iso-pentenylarninopurine (2iP). A concentration of 400 μM appeared to be optimal in both cases. In the presence of 2iP the structure of mesophyll cells in dark-incubated leaves was maintained unchanged. A distinct correlation has been found between the retardation by 2iP of the chlorophyll loss, the rate of S2P-incorporation into nucleic acids and the maintaining of the RNase activity at a low level. The importance of the RNA synthesis and the rate of its de-gradation in the cytokinin action in barley leaf senescence will be subjected to future experiments.

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