Synergism between Insect Pathogens and Entomophagous Insects, and Its Potential to Enhance Biological Control Efficacy

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Wraight
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Insect Pathogens

scholarly journals Genetic variation in Drosophila melanogaster pathogen susceptibility

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. TINSLEY ◽  
S. BLANFORD ◽  
F. M. JIGGINS
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Host Ecology ◽  
Insect Pathogens ◽  
Immunological Research ◽  
Pathogen Exposure

Genetic variation in susceptibility to pathogens is a central concern both to evolutionary and medical biologists, and for the implementation of biological control programmes. We have investigated the extent of such variation in Drosophila melanogaster, a major model organism for immunological research. We found that within populations, different Drosophila genotypes show wide-ranging variation in their ability to survive infection with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Furthermore, striking divergence in susceptibility has occurred between genotypes from temperate and tropical African locations. We hypothesize that this may have been driven by adaptation to local differences in pathogen exposure or host ecology. Genetic variation within populations may be maintained by temporal or spatial variation in the costs and benefits of pathogen defence. Insect pathogens are employed widely as biological control agents and entomopathogenic fungi are currently being developed for reducing malaria transmission by mosquitoes. Our data highlight the need for concern about resistance evolution to these novel biopesticides in vector populations.

Biological Control Efficacy of Bacillus Licheniformis Hg03 Against Soft Rot Disease of Postharvest Peach

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Jingfeng Zhu ◽  
Huan Wei ◽  
Zhipeng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Screening Sugars Can Benefit the Parasitoid Cotesia chilonis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Without Benefiting Its Host, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2142-2148
Author(s):  
Jun-Ce Tian ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Anthony M Shelton ◽  
Xu-Song Zheng ◽  
Hong-Xing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Chilo Suppressalis ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Rich Food ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Cotesia Chilonis

Abstract Most adult parasitoids depend on carbohydrate-rich food as an energy source for longevity, fecundity, and mobility. Thus, providing sugars has been proposed as a technique to maximize the biological control efficacy of parasitoids. However, the sugars provided for parasitoids need to be carefully selected because herbivore hosts might also benefit. Here we explore the effects of 12 naturally occurring sugars on the longevity and fecundity of the rice pest, Chilo suppressalis, and the longevity of its parasitoid, Cotesia chilonis, as well as the effect of sugars on sugar consumption of C. chilonis. Results showed that none of the tested sugars significantly impacted the longevity of C. suppressalis, but fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose significantly increased its fecundity. The longevity of C. chilonis was significantly increased when fed fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, and melezitose. Our data suggest that C. chilonis consumed larger quantities of glucose, fructose, and sucrose followed by maltose, melezitose, and trehalose and the longevity of C. chilonis was positively correlated to sugar consumption. Our data also suggest that the herbivore C. suppressalis and its parasitoid C. chilonis responded differently to trehalose and melezitose. Although additional studies are needed, our data suggest that these sugars could be considered as candidate components for sugar sprays to enhance the activity and efficacy of C. chilonis, but without benefiting its pest host.

Insect Pathogens as Biological Control Agents: Do They Have a Future?

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A Lacey ◽  
R Frutos ◽  
H.K Kaya ◽  
P Vail
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Insect Pathogens

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on development, reproduction and size of Trichogramma achaeae: implications for biological control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Jesper Givskov Sorensen ◽  
Annie Enkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Thermal Biology ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Trichogramma Achaeae ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The performance of biological control agents (BCAs) in outdoor crops is strongly regulated by ambient temperature. Understanding the thermal biology of BCAs and manipulating their thermal performance could improve biological control efficacy. In this study, the effects of temperature on several life history parameters (longevity, fecundity, development time, wing size) of the recently commercialised egg parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja & Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was examined. First, parasitoids were reared at 23 °C and tested in the laboratory at four constant temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C). Results demonstrated that temperature significantly altered all above parameters. Second, developmental acclimation was applied to manipulate the laboratory performance. Parasitoids were allowed to develop at either of the above four temperatures and their performance were compared at 23 °C. Results showed that developmental acclimation had a significant impact on fecundity, development time and wing size but not on female longevity. Our results have implications for improving the performance of T. achaeae in mass production and for its application for biological control under different thermal conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of flowers on parasitoid longevity and fecundity

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Wratten ◽  
B.I. Lavandero ◽  
J. Tylianakis ◽  
D. Vattala ◽  
T. Cilgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Conservation Biological Control ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Research Questions

Conservation biological control (CBC) enhances biological control efficacy by providing pollen nectar shelter and/or alternative prey to biological control agents It is a fastgrowing subdiscipline of biological control with notable recent successes In contrast classical biological control in spite of its long history has not risen above a 10 success rate since 1880 and can have muchpublicised negative consequences This paper presents recent data on CBC research in brassicas in New Zealand and discusses how understanding and effectiveness can be improved The provision of floral nectar to parasitoids such as Diadegma can enhance longevity from two days in the presence of water only to 30 days and can lead to higher fecundity The paper outlines key research questions for the future

scholarly journals Dysbacteriosis of the Intestinal Flora Is an Important Reason for the Death of Adult House Flies Caused by Beauveria bassiana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiling Zhang ◽  
Shuo Feng ◽  
Xiaochen Xie ◽  
Zhendong Huang ◽  
Qing Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Negative Interaction ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Virulence Marker ◽  
Insect Pathogens

Beauveria bassiana is one of the most widespread insect pathogens and can be used in the biological control of agricultural, forestry and medical pests. The mechanisms by which B. bassiana leads to mortality in different host insects are also different. For house flies, B. bassiana has strong virulence, but its microecological mechanism is not clear. In this paper, the virulence of three strains of B. bassiana (TB, CB and BB) isolated from different hosts to house flies was studied. The results showed that the three strains of B. bassiana had strong pathogenicity to house fly adults. Specifically, TB was the strongest, CB was the second strongest, and BB was the weakest, with maximum lethal effects on house fly populations 5, 6, and 7 days after infection, respectively. Further study showed that the intestinal flora of house flies was disordered 3, 4, and 5 days after B. bassiana TB, CB and BB strain infection, respectively. Intestinal flora dysbacteriosis may be an important reason for the death of house flies caused by B. bassiana. After infection, the negative interaction ratio of bacteria in the house fly intestine decreased, and the stronger the virulence was, the lower the negative interaction ratio was. The time from B. bassiana infection to intestinal flora dysbacteriosis was not fixed. We named this period the “spring stage”. The stronger the virulence of the B. bassiana strain was, the shorter the “spring stage” was. Therefore, the “spring stage” can be used as a virulence marker for evaluating the pathogenicity of different B. bassiana strains.

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