Screening Sugars Can Benefit the Parasitoid Cotesia chilonis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Without Benefiting Its Host, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2142-2148
Author(s):  
Jun-Ce Tian ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Anthony M Shelton ◽  
Xu-Song Zheng ◽  
Hong-Xing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Chilo Suppressalis ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Rich Food ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Cotesia Chilonis

Abstract Most adult parasitoids depend on carbohydrate-rich food as an energy source for longevity, fecundity, and mobility. Thus, providing sugars has been proposed as a technique to maximize the biological control efficacy of parasitoids. However, the sugars provided for parasitoids need to be carefully selected because herbivore hosts might also benefit. Here we explore the effects of 12 naturally occurring sugars on the longevity and fecundity of the rice pest, Chilo suppressalis, and the longevity of its parasitoid, Cotesia chilonis, as well as the effect of sugars on sugar consumption of C. chilonis. Results showed that none of the tested sugars significantly impacted the longevity of C. suppressalis, but fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose significantly increased its fecundity. The longevity of C. chilonis was significantly increased when fed fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, and melezitose. Our data suggest that C. chilonis consumed larger quantities of glucose, fructose, and sucrose followed by maltose, melezitose, and trehalose and the longevity of C. chilonis was positively correlated to sugar consumption. Our data also suggest that the herbivore C. suppressalis and its parasitoid C. chilonis responded differently to trehalose and melezitose. Although additional studies are needed, our data suggest that these sugars could be considered as candidate components for sugar sprays to enhance the activity and efficacy of C. chilonis, but without benefiting its pest host.

scholarly journals Myco-Biocontrol of Insect Pests: Factors Involved, Mechanism, and Regulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardul Singh Sandhu ◽  
Anil K. Sharma ◽  
Vikas Beniwal ◽  
Gunjan Goel ◽  
Priya Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

The growing demand for reducing chemical inputs in agriculture and increased resistance to insecticides have provided great impetus to the development of alternative forms of insect-pest control. Myco-biocontrol offers an attractive alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. Myco-biocontrol agents are naturally occurring organisms which are perceived as less damaging to the environment. Their mode of action appears little complex which makes it highly unlikely that resistance could be developed to a biopesticide. Past research has shown some promise of the use of fungi as a selective pesticide. The current paper updates us about the recent progress in the field of myco-biocontrol of insect pests and their possible mechanism of action to further enhance our understanding about the biological control of insect pests.

Biological control ofBotrytis cinereaon tomato using naturally occurring fungal antagonists

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mónaco ◽  
G. Dal Bello ◽  
M. C. Rollán ◽  
L. Ronco ◽  
G. Lampugnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Naturally-occurring biological control of the boll weevil [Col.: Curculionidae]

Entomophaga ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Sterling ◽  
D. A. Dean ◽  
D. A. Fillman ◽  
D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Biological Control Efficacy of Bacillus Licheniformis Hg03 Against Soft Rot Disease of Postharvest Peach

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Jingfeng Zhu ◽  
Huan Wei ◽  
Zhipeng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Effect of Population Density of Pseudomonas fluorescens on Production of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol in the Rhizosphere of Wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos M. Raaijmakers ◽  
Robert F. Bonsall ◽  
David M. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Rhizosphere Population ◽  
First Time ◽  
Take All

The role of antibiotics in biological control of soilborne pathogens, and more generally in microbial antagonism in natural disease-suppressive soils, often has been questioned because of the indirect nature of the supporting evidence. In this study, a protocol for high pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry is described that allowed specific identification and quantitation of the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) produced by naturally occurring fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. on roots of wheat grown in a soil suppressive to take-all of wheat. These results provide, for the first time, biochemical support for the conclusion of previous work that Phl-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. are key components of the natural biological control that operates in take-all—suppressive soils in Washington State. This study also demonstrates that the total amount of Phl produced on roots of wheat by P. fluorescens strain Q2-87, at densities ranging from approximately 105 to 107 CFU/g of root, is proportional to its rhizosphere population density and that Phl production per population unit is a constant (0.62 ng/105 CFU). Thus, Phl production in the rhizosphere of wheat is strongly related to the ability of the introduced strain to colonize the roots.

scholarly journals ARTHROPOD PREDATORS IN CABBAGE (CRUCIFERAE) AND THEIR POTENTIAL AS NATURALLY OCCURRING BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS FOR PIERIS RAPAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Schmaedick ◽  
Anthony M. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Arthropod Predators ◽  
High Propensity ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractWe used three sampling methods to identify the arthropod predators most abundant and active in fields of cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata, and determined those most likely to be important predators of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae L., by testing the predators’ abilities to forage on cabbage plants and to feed on Pieris rapae in small arenas in the laboratory. Abundance and activity in the field were monitored with pitfall traps, sticky traps applied directly to leaves, and plant samples. Four criteria were used to assess the species’ potential value as a predator of Pieris rapae in cabbage: relatively high overall abundance in trap catches and plant samples, occurrence on plant foliage in the field, a high propensity to feed on Pieris rapae eggs and first instars, and the ability to search for larval Pieris rapae on cabbage plants. Four species, the wolf spider Pardosa milvina (Hentz) (Araneae: Lycosidae), the harvestman Phalangium opilio L. (Opiliones: Phalangiidae), and the lady beetles Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), demonstrated these attributes, although all four species appeared unable to search for prey on some parts of the cabbage plants, owing to unsure footing on the plants’ slippery cuticular wax. Linyphiids (Araneae) and syrphids (Diptera), the most abundant taxa in the plant samples, may prove better at thoroughly searching cabbage plants, but remain to be tested in future laboratory trials. Our results show that only a small portion of the predatory arthropod species that occur in cabbage fields is likely to prey on Pieris rapae on the plants, although important questions remain about the roles of some taxa. Future efforts to enhance biological control of Pieris rapae by naturally occurring predators can now focus on further elucidating and finding ways to enhance the roles of those predators that are effective.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on development, reproduction and size of Trichogramma achaeae: implications for biological control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Jesper Givskov Sorensen ◽  
Annie Enkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Thermal Biology ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Trichogramma Achaeae ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The performance of biological control agents (BCAs) in outdoor crops is strongly regulated by ambient temperature. Understanding the thermal biology of BCAs and manipulating their thermal performance could improve biological control efficacy. In this study, the effects of temperature on several life history parameters (longevity, fecundity, development time, wing size) of the recently commercialised egg parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja & Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was examined. First, parasitoids were reared at 23 °C and tested in the laboratory at four constant temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C). Results demonstrated that temperature significantly altered all above parameters. Second, developmental acclimation was applied to manipulate the laboratory performance. Parasitoids were allowed to develop at either of the above four temperatures and their performance were compared at 23 °C. Results showed that developmental acclimation had a significant impact on fecundity, development time and wing size but not on female longevity. Our results have implications for improving the performance of T. achaeae in mass production and for its application for biological control under different thermal conditions.

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