Lifestyle Interventions to Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Reduce Breast Cancer Recurrence

2017 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Mark J. Haykowsky ◽  
Jessica M. Scott ◽  
Kathryn Hudson ◽  
Neelima Denduluri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Breast Cancer Recurrence

As patients are living longer after a cancer diagnosis, survivorship is becoming increasingly important in cancer care. The sequelae of multimodality therapies include weight gain and decreased cardiorespiratory fitness, which increase cardiovascular risk. Evidence suggests that physical activity reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence and death. Avoidance of weight gain after therapy also improves outcomes after a diagnosis of breast cancer. Prospective randomized trials must be performed to determine the benefits of specific physical activity and dietary habits for survivors of breast cancer. This review outlines the important physiologic changes that occur with antineoplastic therapy and the important role of exercise and diet.

scholarly journals Weight Gain, Metabolic Syndrome, and Breast Cancer Recurrence: Are Dietary Recommendations Supported by the Data?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin E. Champ ◽  
Jeff S. Volek ◽  
Joshua Siglin ◽  
Lianjin Jin ◽  
Nicole L. Simone
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Metabolic syndrome, which can include weight gain and central obesity, elevated serum insulin and glucose, and insulin resistance, has been strongly associated with breast cancer recurrence and worse outcomes after treatment. Epidemiologic and prospective data do not show conclusive evidence as to which dietary factors may be responsible for these results. Current strategies employ low-fat diets which emphasize supplementing calories with increased intake of fruit, grain, and vegetable carbohydrate sources. Although results thus far have been inconclusive, recent randomized trials employing markedly different dietary strategies in noncancer patients may hold the key to reducing multiple risk factors in metabolic syndrome simultaneously which may prove to increase the long-term outcome of breast cancer patients and decrease recurrences. Since weight gain after breast cancer treatment confers a poor prognosis and may increase recurrence rates, large-scale randomized trials are needed to evaluate appropriate dietary interventions for our breast cancer patients.

scholarly journals Post-diagnosis weight gain and breast cancer recurrence in women with early stage breast cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bette J. Caan ◽  
Jennifer A. Emond ◽  
Loki Natarajan ◽  
Adrienne Castillo ◽  
Erica P. Gunderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Recurrence

The role of FDG PET/CT in patients with locoregional breast cancer recurrence: A comparison to conventional imaging techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Aukema ◽  
E.J.Th. Rutgers ◽  
W.V. Vogel ◽  
H.J. Teertstra ◽  
H.S. Oldenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Breast Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Is obesity associated with increased recurrence risk in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer?

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 171-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. L. Yap ◽  
D. N. Efiom-Ekaha
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Oncotype Dx ◽  
Breast Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

171 Background: Oncotype DX Score is a 21-gene expression analysis that has been validated clinically as a reliable predictor of breast cancer recurrence for ER-positive, node-negative breast cancers. Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for many cancers, including breast cancer. Additionally obesity has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. The primary objective of this study is to determine the correlation between obesity and Oncotype DX score, hence the relationship between obesity and breast cancer recurrence in ER-positive breast cancer. The secondary objective is to investigate the association between weight gain after diagnosis and breast cancer recurrence. Methods: An IRB-exempted retrospective chart review of female patients at Wellspan Group with ER-positive breast cancer who had Oncotype DX analysis in 2008 and 2009. Data collected included Oncotype DX score and BMI (at diagnosis, 6 months and 12 months). Data were analyzed to determine the correlation between Oncotype DX score and BMI at diagnosis, at 6 months and at 12 months. The correlation between Oncotype DX score and BMI changes at 12 months also was determined. Results: A total of 125 patients were identified; 103 had BMI recorded at diagnosis, 88 had BMI recorded at 6 months and 87 had BMI recorded at 12 months. Of these, we were able to determine the BMI changes at 12 months for 82 patients. The Pearson correlation scores were 0.091 (p = 0.361), 0.074 (p = 0.492), and 0.047 (p = 0.669) for BMI at diagnosis, at 6 months and at 12 months respectively. The Pearson correlation score was 0.007 (p = 0.948) for BMI changes at 12 months. Conclusions: Obesity and weight gain are not independent predictors of recurrence in patients with ER-positive breast cancer. The reported adverse prognostic associations may be more prominent in ER-negative breast cancers. This is consistent with the reports suggesting a higher rate of ER-negative, high-grade cancers in obese women as well as a greater magnitude of benefit from dietary and weight reduction interventions seen in women with ER-negative cancers.

Weight, Weight Gain, and Survival After Breast Cancer Diagnosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1370-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candyce H. Kroenke ◽  
Wendy Y. Chen ◽  
Bernard Rosner ◽  
Michelle D. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Breast Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Death

Purpose To determine whether weight prior to diagnosis and weight gain after diagnosis are predictive of breast cancer survival. Methods Patients included 5,204 Nurses' Health Study participants diagnosed with incident, invasive, nonmetastatic breast cancer between 1976 and 2000; 860 total deaths, 533 breast cancer deaths, and 681 recurrences (defined as secondary lung, brain, bone, or liver cancer, and death from breast cancer) accrued to 2002. We computed the change in body mass index (BMI) from before to the first BMI reported ≥ 12 months after the date of diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations of categories of BMI before diagnosis and of BMI change with time to event. We stratified by smoking, menopausal status, and breast cancer–related variables. Results In multivariate-adjusted analyses, weight before diagnosis was positively associated with breast cancer recurrence and death, but this was apparent only in never smokers. Similarly, among never-smoking women, those who gained between 0.5 and 2.0 kg/m2 (median gain, 6.0 lb; relative risk [RR], 1.35; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.95) or more than 2.0 kg/m2 (median gain, 17.0 lb; RR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.51) after diagnosis had an elevated risk of breast cancer death during follow-up (median, 9 years), compared with women who maintained their weight (test for linear trend, P = .03). Associations with weight were stronger in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women. Similar findings were noted for breast cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality. Conclusion Weight and weight gain were related to higher rates of breast cancer recurrence and mortality, but associations were most apparent in never-smoking women.

scholarly journals The Role of Metastasectomy in Women with Solitary Metastatic Breast Cancer Recurrence

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Mun Yew Chan ◽  
Sherwin Kuah ◽  
Mui Heng Goh ◽  
Sarah Qinghui Lu ◽  
Juliana Jia Chuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Breast Cancer Recurrence

scholarly journals CCL5 promotes breast cancer recurrence through macrophage recruitment in residual tumors

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Walens ◽  
Ashley V DiMarco ◽  
Ryan Lupo ◽  
Benjamin R Kroger ◽  
Jeffrey S Damrauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Breast Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
Conditional Mouse Model

Over half of breast-cancer-related deaths are due to recurrence 5 or more years after initial diagnosis and treatment. This latency suggests that a population of residual tumor cells can survive treatment and persist in a dormant state for many years. The role of the microenvironment in regulating the survival and proliferation of residual cells following therapy remains unexplored. Using a conditional mouse model for Her2-driven breast cancer, we identify interactions between residual tumor cells and their microenvironment as critical for promoting tumor recurrence. Her2 downregulation leads to an inflammatory program driven by TNFα/NFκB signaling, which promotes immune cell infiltration in regressing and residual tumors. The cytokine CCL5 is elevated following Her2 downregulation and remains high in residual tumors. CCL5 promotes tumor recurrence by recruiting CCR5-expressing macrophages, which may contribute to collagen deposition in residual tumors. Blocking this TNFα-CCL5-macrophage axis may be efficacious in preventing breast cancer recurrence.

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