Performance of Water Systems during the Maule Mw 8.8 Earthquake of 27 February 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl1) ◽  
pp. 605-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Eidinger
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Rural Water Systems ◽  
Water Tanks

The Maule Mw 8.8 earthquake of 27 February 2010 impacted a number of water and wastewater lifelines. Ground shaking and liquefaction heavily damaged the Essbio water and wastewater systems, particularly in Concepción. Ground shaking destroyed more than 70 elevated water tanks in rural water systems built by the national government. A fire water tank collapsed at the Santiago Airport. There was damage to canals. Despite more than 3,000 repairs to other types of water pipe, the high-density polyethylene pipe used in the Concepción water distribution system was undamaged.

Instrumentation, control and automation in the water industry – state-of-the-art and new challenges

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
New Challenges

Instrumentation, control and automation (ICA) are key technologies in modern water and wastewater systems. Ever present disturbances make it necessary to automatically attenuate their consequences. A wastewater treatment system is load driven, while a water distribution system is demand driven. Despite the variability the system outputs have to be satisfactory. Economic realities encourages the application of ICA to make a maximum use of plant capacities. An increasing complexity of competing processes in a modern nutrient removal plant makes more elaborate control necessary. The final goal of protecting the environmental resources necessitates an integrated view of several interdependent systems, the collection, transport and treatment processes. In this integrating development ICA will be a decisive technology.

scholarly journals Student of Water Tanks Characteristics for Residential and Commerical Buildings in Oman

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Rashid Said Al Ismaili ◽  
Adeel H. Suhail
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Steel Tank ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stainless Steel Tank

Water tank is an important element in water distribution system. The project is studied the characteristics of water tanks and the main objective of it to identify the selection criteria for the water tank. Furthermore, Selection of water tank is a challenge for many individuals and companies. The study is gathers information from many sources such as literature reviews, companies, questionnaire and experts in order to reach to the main important characteristic of water tanks. The selection of water tank depends heavily on the applications. As a result, it found that the best type of storage tanks for sweet water used for human consumption are two types, one of which is polyvinyl chloride to store a quantity of less than five cubic meters and the other is stainless steel tank to store more than five cubic meters. The study found that the best reservoir for irrigation and sewage uses is the carbon steel tank. On the other hand, the study found that the stainless-steel tank is best suited for storage of seawater, which requires a material that can withstand corrosion.

scholarly journals Draining of Water Tank using Runge-Kutta Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2342-2348
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Euler Method ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Implicit Midpoint Rule ◽  
Midpoint Rule ◽  
Runge Kutta ◽  
Fourth Order Method ◽  
Stability And Accuracy ◽  
Water Tanks

The use of water tanks as a tool for storing water before being distributed for daily use has become a widely used system today. Among the attempts to develop a water distribution system is optimization in terms of system and operating costs. In this study, four methods of the Runge Kutta method are the Implicit such as Explicit Euler method, Implicit Euler method, Implicit Midpoint Rule, Runge Kutta Fourth-order method are used and compared with the exact solution method. The method will be compared in terms of accuracy and efficiency in solving differential equations based on set parameters for optimum design of water tank. The accuracy and efficiency of each method can be determined based on error graph. At the end of the study, numerical results obtained indicate that the Implicit Midpoint Rule provides greater stability and accuracy for the fixed stepsize given compared to other numerical methods.

scholarly journals Elevated Water Tank

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
The Way

Water tanks are the capacity booths for putting away water. Raised water tanks are built to be able to deliver required head with the purpose that the water will movement affected by gravity the development exercise of water tanks is as antique as enlightened guy. The water tanks project has an firstrate want as it serves ingesting water for amazing populace from exceptional metropolitan urban groups to the little population dwelling in cities and towns. The smaller than ordinary project is led for a time of 15 days to have total all the way right down to earth information on unique tactics and issues appeared within the field. An change issue like construction factors, layout Parameters, information of Formwork, information of aid, process of Water treatment Plant and Execution had been controlled over the span of our smaller than regular undertaking."improved water tanks" via raising water tank, the enlargement upward push makes a conveyance strain at the tank outlet. The profile of water tanks begins offevolved with the utility parameters, consequently the type of materials applied and the form of water tank become directed by way of approach of those factors: 1. Vicinity of the water tank (inner, out of doors, over the floor or underground). 2. Volume of water tank need to preserve. 3. What the water may be utilized for? Four. Temperature of territory wherein might be located away, fear for solidifying. Five. Weight required conveying water. 6. How the water to be conveys to the water tank. 7. Wind and quake plan contemplations allow water tanks to endure seismic and excessive wind occasions

Determinants of Legionella pneumophila Contamination of Water Distribution Systems: 15-Hospital Prospective Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Vickers ◽  
Victor L. Yu ◽  
S. Sue Hanna ◽  
Paul Muraca ◽  
Warren Diven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
One Year

AbstractWe conducted a prospective environmental study for Legionella pneumophila in 15 hospitals in Pennsylvania. Hot water tanks, cold water sites, faucets, and show-erheads were surveyed four times over a one-year period. Sixty percent (9/15) of hospitals surveyed were contaminated with L pneumophila. Although contamination could not be linked to a specific municipal water supplier, most of the contaminated supplies came from rivers. Parameters found to be significantly associated with contamination included elevated hot water temperature, vertical configuration of the hot water tank, older tanks, and elevated calcium and magnesium concentrations of the water (P < 0.05). This study suggests that L pneumophila contamination could be predicted based on design of the distribution system, as well as physicochemical characteristics of the water.

scholarly journals Sources of and Solutions to Toxic Metal and Metalloid Contamination in Small Rural Drinking Water Systems: A Rapid Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7076
Author(s):  
J. Wren Tracy ◽  
Amy Guo ◽  
Kaida Liang ◽  
Jamie Bartram ◽  
Michael Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Drinking Water Systems

Exposure to toxic metals and metalloids (TMs) such as arsenic and lead at levels of concern is associated with lifelong adverse health consequences. As exposure to TMs from paint, leaded gasoline, canned foods, and other consumer products has decreased in recent decades, the relative contribution of drinking water to environmental TM exposure and associated disease burdens has increased. We conducted a rapid review from June to September 2019 to synthesize information on the sources of TM contamination in small rural drinking water systems and solutions to TM contamination from these sources, with an emphasis on actionable evidence applicable to small rural drinking water systems worldwide. We reviewed publications from five databases (ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Global Health Library) as well as grey literature from expert groups including WHO, IWA, and others; findings from 61 eligible review publications were synthesized. Identified sources of TMs in included studies were natural occurrence (geogenic), catchment pollution, and corrosion of water distribution system materials. The review found general support for preventive over corrective actions. This review informs a useful planning and management framework for preventing and mitigating TM exposure from drinking water based on water supply characteristics, identified contamination sources, and other context-specific variables.

Investigation of the Impact of Anti-Negative Pressure Facility on a Water Distribution System

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 719-722
Author(s):  
Huan Huan Wang ◽  
Shu Ming Liu ◽  
Fan Lin Meng ◽  
Lu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

High level water tank is a commonly used facility to satisfy water demand for people living in high building, which is also the so-called secondary water supply system (SWSS) in China. Due to lack of maintenance, water quality problem has been frequently reported in the SWSS. In the last few decades, anti-negative pressure facility (ANPF) has emerged as a revolutionary approach for solving the pollution in the SWSS. ANPF makes good use of the municipal pipeline pressure, which is the improvement of traditional water supply. However, most of recent research activities mainly focus on the influence of part of water distribution system (WDS). In this paper, the software of EPANET has been applied in the SWSS calculation and simulation. Besides that, the SWSS with ANPF simulation method is proposed to evaluate the effect of other all nodes pressure in the WDS using hydraulic model. As the cases study, the paper analyzed two WDSs with ANPF. After simulation of the SWSS, the result of WDS, which is smaller, indicates that 6 out of the 9 nodes are affected with ANPF and that of WDS, which is larger, demonstrates that 37 out of the 41 nodes are affected and the affected nodes are focused on the confluent of pipes, especially around the ANPF.

scholarly journals Innovative Experimentation on Hollow Cylindrical Shells of Reinforced Concrete under Axial Compressive Load

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2044-2049
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Axial Compressive Load ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Water Tanks

Reinforced concrete elevated water tanks supported on shaft type staging system are popularly constructed now a days for storage of water for water supply schemes. If slip form is used for casting of the shaft staging, the water towers generally require lesser time for construction. Elevated water tanks are top heavy structure especially in the tank full condition. It is often a critical question in structural design that what should be the proper structural model adopted for design of such class of structure. Should the shaft be designed as a hollow cylindrical column subjected to axial compression or is it essentially a R.C. cylindrical shell subjected to membrane forces under axial compression. To better understand it is proposed to cast such R.C. shells and after water curing for 28 days shall be subjected to axial compressive load in a compressive strength testing machine. The failure pattern of the shells shall be observed critically to get a proper understanding of behavior of such R.C shaft supported elevated water tank structures.

scholarly journals Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Intze Water Tank with Different Staging Heights in Different Seismic Zones

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Hydrodynamic Pressure ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Lateral Forces ◽  
Seismic Forces ◽  
Water Tanks

RC intze water tanks are constructed for storage and suppling of water through a certain height with adequate pressure of water distribution. Many overhead water tanks affected due to certainty like earthquake that can induce large lateral forces. So, there is a necessity to Understand and examine the behavior of intze tank supported on framing in context to different soil types under the seismic forces. This paper evaluates the experimental output of seismic analysis that compares shear and moments at base and also hydrodynamic pressure at wall and base slab for various seismic zone and different type of soil condition at different staging heights.

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