Experimental Investigation on the Seismic Behavior of Palletized Merchandise in Steel Storage Racks

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Sideris ◽  
Andre Filiatrault ◽  
Martin Leclerc ◽  
Robert Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Frictional Coefficient ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Earthquake Excitation ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Frictional Behavior ◽  
Pull Tests ◽  
Storage Racks

The seismic hazard associated with failure of storage racks in retail facilities open to public depends on the behavior of the rack frames and the response of stored merchandise. In this study, the seismic behavior of palletized merchandise stored on shelves of pallet-type steel storage racks is investigated and the concept of incorporating slightly inclined shelving is proposed as a measure for mitigating merchandise shedding. Pull tests and shake table tests are conducted. The main objective of the pull tests is to investigate the frictional behavior at the interface between loaded pallets and rack shelves. The major objective of the shake table tests is to characterize the dynamic response of the palletized merchandise under earthquake excitation imposed at the base of rack structures, and determine experimentally the pallet shedding fragility under an ensemble of ground excitations representative of the seismicity of the Western United States. The combination of wooden pallets and shelves with wire decking of waterfall type, typical of many rack installations, is considered. The results of the pull tests indicate that the frictional coefficient at the pallet-to-shelf interface varies between 0.37 and 0.45 for a range of loads between 0.55 kN and 13.00 kN. From the results of the shake table tests, the concept of inclined shelving appears to be very effective. An inclination of only 3.5° reduced the observed seismic merchandise shedding fragility to zero for the ground excitations considered.

Seismic Behavior of Brick Cave Dwellings: Shake Table Tests

2021 ◽  
pp. 102886
Author(s):  
Jianyang Xue ◽  
Pengchun Hu ◽  
Fengliang Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhuge
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Shake Table Tests

scholarly journals Investigation of Seismic Behavior of Container Crane Structures by Shake Table Tests and Mathematical Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Oktay Azeloglu ◽  
Ayse Edincliler ◽  
Ahmet Sagirli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Earthquake Ground Motion ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Container Cranes ◽  
Container Crane

This paper is concerned with the verification of mathematical modeling of the container cranes under earthquake loadings with shake table test results. Comparison of the shake table tests with the theoretical studies has an important role in the estimation of the seismic behavior of the engineering structures. For this purpose, a new shake table and mathematical model were developed. Firstly, a new physical model is directly fixed on the shake table and the seismic response of the container crane model against the past earthquake ground motion was measured. Secondly, a four degrees-of-freedom mathematical model is developed to understand the dynamic behaviour of cranes under the seismic loadings. The results of the verification study indicate that the developed mathematical model reasonably represents the dynamic behaviour of the crane structure both in time and frequency domains. The mathematical model can be used in active-passive vibration control studies to decrease structural vibrations on container cranes.

scholarly journals Data set from shake table tests of free-standing rocking bodies

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110200
Author(s):  
Michalis F Vassiliou ◽  
Cihan Cengiz ◽  
Matt Dietz ◽  
Luiza Dihoru ◽  
Marco Broccardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time History ◽  
Stochastic Comparison ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Earthquake Excitation ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Data Set

In earthquake engineering, structural models are validated by performing a time history analysis and comparing its maximum to the maximum response obtained by a shake table test. It has been shown that this is a sufficient (but not a necessary) precondition to accept a numerical model. Numerical models can fail to predict the planar rocking response of a rigid block, but may succeed in predicting the statistics of the response to an ensemble of ground motions. As seismic response is inherently stochastic, comparison of the statistics of the numerically simulated response to the statistics of the experimentally obtained benchmark response for the same ensemble of earthquake excitation is a sufficient (and easier to pass) model validation test. This article describes the publicly available data of a set of 12 free rocking vibration and 115 shake table tests of six three-dimensional rocking and sliding columns, designed at ETH Zurich and performed at EQUALS Laboratory, University of Bristol. The data can be used to statistically validate different approaches that aim to model three-dimensional rocking structures.

scholarly journals Shake Table Tests of a Novel Low-rise Bolt-Assembled Precast Concrete Sandwich Wall Panel Structure

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xiong ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Qi Ge ◽  
Jiang Chen ◽  
Yang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Wall Panel ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Earthquake Excitation ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Sandwich Wall ◽  
Sandwich Wall Panel

Abstract A novel low-rise bolt - assembled precast concrete sandwich wall panel structure for rural residential houses was proposed, in which the connections between wall and wall, and wall and floor were connected by high strength bolts and steel plates. The bolt joints can be easily installed and disassembled. They are replaceable to make the precast structure demountable and reassembled. All the components are connected together by the novel bolted connectors. This paper presents the shake-table tests of a full-scale two-story bolt-assembled precast concrete sandwich wall building. The results indicated that the proposed structural system had good seismic performance and remained in the elastic stage with no damage after 9-degree rare earthquake excitation for the Model-1. The Model-2 exhibited excellent capacity and performed satisfactorily under the excitation up to 0.8 g. Cracks were observed at the wall openings and the base of walls and columns, which was similar to that of a cast-in-situ structure. The damage statuses were mainly light damage and moderate damage. The bolt connection joints were not anti-seismic weak places and had good seismic performance. Equivalent base shear method is suitable for estimating the seismic demand of the proposed precast concrete sandwich wall panel structure.

scholarly journals Seismic Performance Comparison of a High-Content SDA Frame and Standard RC Frame

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. van de Lindt ◽  
R. Karthik Rechan
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Portal Frame

This study presents the method and results of an experiment to study the seismic behavior of a concrete portal frame with fifty percent of its cement content replaced with a spray dryer ash (SDA). Based on multiple-shake-table tests, the high content SDA frame was found to perform as well as the standard concrete frame for two earthquakes exceeding design-level intensity earthquakes. Hence, from a purely seismic/structural standpoint, it may be possible to replace approximately fifty percent of cement in a concrete mix with SDA for the construction of structural members in high seismic zones. This would help significantly redirect spray dryer ash away from landfills, thus, providing a sustainable greener alternative to concrete that uses only Portland cement, or only a small percentage of SDA or fly ash.

scholarly journals Validating the sliding mechanics of office-type furniture using shake-table experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Z. Yeow ◽  
Gregory A. MacRae ◽  
Rajesh P. Dhakal ◽  
Brendon A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Numerical Integration Methods ◽  
Ground Motion Records ◽  
Shake Table Experiments ◽  
Pull Tests ◽  
Sliding Mechanics

Pull-tests and shake-table tests of office-type furniture on carpet and vinyl flooring were performed to obtain friction coefficients, and validate the mechanics of content sliding and current modelling approaches. The static friction coefficient, μs, for furniture with and without wheels was between 0.13-0.30 and 0.36-0.45 on carpet flooring, respectively, and 0.07-0.13 and 0.39-0.45 on vinyl flooring, respectively. The kinetic friction coefficient, μk, was similar to μs for carpet flooring, but was up to 38% lower for vinyl flooring. Shake-table tests using sinusoidal floor excitations showed that: (i) the sliding force hysteresis loop was elasto-plastic on average, and (ii) peak total floor velocity significantly affected the extent of sliding. While it was found that the maximum sliding displacement obtained by numerical integration methods differed by a factor between 0.3 and 3.0 on a case-by-case basis, the average error was just 5%. Preliminary sliding analyses of furniture resting on single-degree-of-freedom structures of varying stiffness using a suite of ground motion records were performed. It was found that (i) the extent of sliding was not necessarily more severe in stiffer buildings despite the greater peak total floor acceleration demands, and (ii) considering only μk in content sliding analyses still produced reasonably accurate predictions.

Seismic Behavior of Flexible Conductors Connecting Substation Equipment—Part II: Shake Table Tests

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1680-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ghalibafian ◽  
G.S. Bhuyan ◽  
C. Ventura ◽  
J.H. Rainer ◽  
D. Borthwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Equipment Part ◽  
Substation Equipment

Seismic Responses and Collapse of a RC Pedestrian Cable-Stayed Bridge: Shake Table Tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zheng ◽  
You-Lin Xu ◽  
Sheng Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Collapse Mechanism ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Seismic Responses ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Seismic Collapse ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

There have been numerous experimental studies on the seismic collapse of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and RC girder bridges, but not on the seismic collapse of RC pedestrian cable-stayed bridges. Postearthquake field investigations revealed that if RC pedestrian cable-stayed bridges in seismic regions were not appropriately designed, they are likely to encounter severe damage or collapse. This paper thus presents an experimental investigation on a 1:12 scaled RC pedestrian cable-stayed bridge to explore the seismic behavior and collapse mechanism of the bridge under different levels of ground motion. The design, construction, and installation of the bridge, along with the shake table tests, were performed. The dynamic characteristic tests of the bridge were carried out, with the natural periods and mode shapes identified. The bridge was then tested by subjecting it to three levels of ground motion, i.e. small, moderate and large earthquakes. The seismic behavior and seismic-resistant capacity of the cable-stayed bridge were finally assessed at the component level and the failure mode of the bridge was identified based on the seismic responses recorded by the measurement system. The test results showed that the collapse of the RC pedestrian cable-stayed bridge was triggered from the flexure failure of its columns and ended with the flexure-shear failure of its tower.

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