Seismic Response of Levees in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahiro Kishida ◽  
Ross W. Boulanger ◽  
Norman A. Abrahamson ◽  
Michael W. Driller ◽  
Timothy M. Wehling
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Seismic Coefficient ◽  
Hazard Curves ◽  
Reduction Factors

The seismic response of levees in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, where the subsurface soils include thick deposits of highly organic soils, is evaluated. One-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) equivalent-linear analyses were performed that accounted for variability in ground motions, dynamic properties, and soil profiles. Regression models were developed for: (1) the ratio of spectral accelerations at levee crests computed by 2-D versus 1-D response analyses, (2) stress reduction factors from 1-D site response analyses and seismic coefficient reduction factors for various failure surface depths from the 2-D response analyses, and (3) Newmark sliding block displacements computed for the input NEHRP site D ground motions and the computed seismic coefficient time series. The results of these regression models are compared to those obtained in previous studies involving different soil conditions, geometries, and motions. Newmark sliding block displacement hazard curves were calculated for a representative site in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, and the contributions of various uncertainties to the displacement hazard curves are described.

Site Effects for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahiro Kishida ◽  
Ross W. Boulanger ◽  
Norman A. Abrahamson ◽  
Michael W. Driller ◽  
Timothy M. Wehling
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Wave ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Site Effects ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Wave Amplification ◽  
Seismic Wave Amplification

Seismic site response and site effects models are presented for levees in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta where the subsurface soils include thick deposits of highly organic soils. Sources of uncertainty that contribute to the variation of seismic wave amplification are investigated, including variations in the input ground motions, soil profiles, and dynamic soil properties through Monte Carlo simulations of equivalent-linear site response analyses. Regression models for seismic wave amplification for levees in the Delta are presented that range from a function of peak outcrop acceleration alone to a vector of response spectra ordinates and soil profile parameters. The site effects models were incorporated into a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for a representative location, and the relative impacts of the various models on the computed hazard are evaluated.

Regression Models for Dynamic Properties of Highly Organic Soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahiro Kishida ◽  
Ross W. Boulanger ◽  
Norman A. Abrahamson ◽  
Timothy M. Wehling ◽  
Michael W. Driller
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Organic Soils

scholarly journals Methodology for Validation of Simulated Ground Motions for Seismic Response Assessment: Application to CyberShake Source-Based Ground Motions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawad Fayaz ◽  
Sarah Azar ◽  
Mayssa Dabaghi ◽  
Farzin Zareian
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
Simulated Ground Motions

ABSTRACT A comprehensive methodology for the validation of simulated ground motions is presented. The suggested methodology can be geared toward any ground-motion simulation method and seismic response assessment, in a target engineering application. The methodology is founded on the comparison between conforming groups of ground-motion waveforms from recordings and simulations and their effect on a representative collection of structures that represent the engineering application. The comparison considers the statistics of earthquake scenarios at the level of the event and site parameters, the resulting waveform characteristics, and the subsequent structural responses. Regression models are developed at three levels (between structural responses and waveform characteristics, structural responses and event and site parameters, and waveform characteristics and event and site parameters). Similarities between the models from groups of recorded and simulated ground motions guide the validation process. The validation methodology is applied to CyberShake (v.15.12) simulations and for the estimation of the column drift ratio of a bridge structure. It is shown that CyberShake (v.15.12) can be used to assess the median seismic response of the used bridge. Some discrepancies between simulations and recordings are observed, which could be attributed to the basin and site-response models used for simulations. Further implementation and refinement of the suggested methodology are recommended to make broader conclusions.

ANALYSIS OF LOCAL SITE EFFECTS ON SEISMIC RESPONSE OF FRAME STRUCTURES SUPPORTED BY FOUNDATIONS AT DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Special Issue on First SACEE'19) ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Yangyang Tang ◽  
Yingmin Li ◽  
Zongming Huang ◽  
Liping Liu ◽  
Yishun Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Site Effect ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Local Site Effect ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Set Up

Frame structures supported by foundations with different elevations (such as a structure on the slope) undergo different ground motions because of the local site effect. Seismic response of the structure under non-uniform excitation of ground motion is different from that under uniform excitation on upper embedding end or lower embedding end. Sites with the same height difference and different soil conditions were set up in this paper to subject them to ground motions related to different positions and the seismic response of structures built on the sites under uniform and non-uniform strong seismic excitation were compared. The results show that the predominant period and amplitude of ground motions on upper embedding end and lower embedding end are different and affected by soil conditions. The extent and law of amplification of shear force, displacement and storey drift of structures under non-uniform excitation differ from those under uniform excitation when soil changes from soft to medium-hard soil. In addition, the position and degree of plastic hinges change under non-uniform excitation compared to uniform excitation. The uniform excitation using the ground motion on the upper embedding end is not always safe for the frame structure supported by foundations at different elevations.

Seasonality in Site Response: An Example from Two Historical Earthquakes in Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-426
Author(s):  
Rami Alshembari ◽  
Stefano Parolai ◽  
Tobias Boxberger ◽  
Denis Sandron ◽  
Marco Pilz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Ground Failure ◽  
The City

Abstract During the past 150 yr, the city of Almaty (formerly Verny) in Kazakhstan has suffered significant damage due to several large earthquakes. The 9 June 1887 Mw 7.3 Verny earthquake occurred at a time when the city mainly consisted of adobe buildings with a population of 30,000, with it being nearly totally destroyed with 300 deaths. The 3 January 1911 Mw 7.8 Kemin earthquake caused 390 deaths, with 44 in Verny itself. Remarkably, this earthquake, which occurred around 40 km from Verny, caused significant soil deformation and ground failure in the city. A crucial step toward preparing for future events, mitigating against earthquake risk, and defining optimal engineering designs, involves undertaking site response studies. With regard to this, we investigate the possibility that the extreme ground failure observed after the 1911 Kemin earthquake could have been enhanced by the presence of a shallow frozen ground layer that may have inhibited the drainage of pore pressure excess through the surface, therefore inducing liquefaction at depth. We make use of information collected regarding the soil conditions around the city at the time of the earthquakes, the results from seismic noise analysis, borehole data, and surface temperature data. From these datasets, we estimated the necessary parameters for evaluating the dynamic properties of the soil in this area. We successively characterize the corresponding sediment layers at the sites of the observed liquefaction. Although the estimated soil parameters are not optimally constrained, the dynamic analysis, carried out using selected strong‐motion recordings that are expected to be compatible with the two considered events, indicated that the extensive ground failure that occurred during the Kemin event could be due to the presence of a superficial frozen soil layer. Our results indicate that for this region, possible seasonal effects should, therefore, be considered when undertaking site effect studies.

Seismic Behavior and Dynamic Site Response of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in India

2018 ◽  
pp. 168-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen B. P. ◽  
Sitharam T. G. ◽  
Sivapullaiah P. V.
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Seismic Response ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Msw Landfill

Seismic behavior of landfills need for a better understanding of the dynamic properties of municipal solid waste (MSW) and site response of MSW landfill during seismic events. This chapter presents unit weight, shear wave velocity, strain-dependent normalized shear modulus reduction, and material damping ratio relationships for Mavallipura landfill based on field testing, laboratory measurements, and validated using semi-empirical methods. In addition, one-dimensional seismic response analysis by an equivalent linear method for Mavallipura landfill, Bangalore is done using software like SHAKE2000 and DEEPSOIL. Results indicated that the MSW landfill has less shear stiffness and more amplification due to the loose filling and damping, which need to be accounted for by seismically safe MSW landfill design in India. Also, results of seismic response analyses performed by the authors and other researchers are examined to assess the impact of stiffness and height of the landfill refuse fill on the overall response.

Effects of Fling Step and Forward Directivity on Seismic Response of Buildings

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erol Kalkan ◽  
Sashi K. Kunnath
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Moment Frames ◽  
Steel Moment Frames ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Near Fault ◽  
Forward Directivity ◽  
Fling Step ◽  
Far Fault

This paper investigates the consequences of well-known characteristics of near-fault ground motions on the seismic response of steel moment frames. Additionally, idealized pulses are utilized in a separate study to gain further insight into the effects of high-amplitude pulses on structural demands. Simple input pulses were also synthesized to simulate artificial fling-step effects in ground motions originally having forward directivity. Findings from the study reveal that median maximum demands and the dispersion in the peak values were higher for near-fault records than far-fault motions. The arrival of the velocity pulse in a near-fault record causes the structure to dissipate considerable input energy in relatively few plastic cycles, whereas cumulative effects from increased cyclic demands are more pronounced in far-fault records. For pulse-type input, the maximum demand is a function of the ratio of the pulse period to the fundamental period of the structure. Records with fling effects were found to excite systems primarily in their fundamental mode while waveforms with forward directivity in the absence of fling caused higher modes to be activated. It is concluded that the acceleration and velocity spectra, when examined collectively, can be utilized to reasonably assess the damage potential of near-fault records.

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