scholarly journals The Day House

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 415-417
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
General Psychiatry ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Abstract Ideas

There is increasing recognition that people with a mental handicap who also suffer from psychiatric disorder will need specialised services. Those with major psychiatric disorders may need periods of hospital in-patient care but treatment as out-patients or day-patients may be more appropriate for those with neurotic disorders, behaviour or conduct disorders, problems of adjustment or personality problems. Many such psychiatric difficulties are amenable to treatment by therapies commonly used in general psychiatry. However, the treatment process can be prolonged and may need modifying so that there is always a ‘concrete’ or ‘practice’ base for handicapped persons who may have limited or no ability to conceptualise abstract ideas, although able to gain insight and modify their behaviour when taught appropriate skills and strategies.

The identification of psychiatric disorders in children who fail to attend school: a cluster analysis of a non-clinical population

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bools ◽  
Janet Foster ◽  
Imogen Brown ◽  
Ian Berg
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
School Refusal ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Neurotic Disorders

SYNOPSISInterviews were conducted with parents of 100 children taken to a ‘School attendance committee’, because of persistent failture to attend School. Clinical assessmen t of the attendance problem was carried out so that children were categorized as ‘School refusers’ (N = 24), ‘truants’ (N =53), ‘both refusers and truants’ (N =9), or as ‘neither’ (N =14). Any ICD-9 psychiatirc disorder was separately identified. Cluster analysis of information collected in a standard way indicated that there was a group of children with the features of ‘School refusal’ who often had genralized neurotic disorders as well and who were mostly girls, another group with the feature of ‘truancy’ all of whom had conduct disorders who were mainly boys, and a third cluster of childrsen who were usually ‘truants’ but less often psychiatrically disturbed. The study provided evidence for the existence of School refusal with and without generalized neurotic disturbance in a non-clinical population.

Psychiatry and Learning Disability

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew H. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
General Psychiatry ◽  
The University

My involvement with the psychiatry of learning disability began in 1968 when Professor Batchelor, then Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Dundee, suggested that mental illness in people with learning disability was a clinically interesting and under-researched topic which merited further investigation. At that time, mental illness was not usually considered even a part of the medical specialty of learning disability – or at least, not in Scotland. People in mental handicap hospitals who developed signs of mental illness were normally passed on to colleagues in general psychiatry who were considered to have the investigative and treatment expertise. If admission to in-patient care was considered necessary, it was usually to the local general psychiatry service.

Attainment and Adjustment in Two Geographical Areas

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rutter ◽  
Bridget Yule ◽  
David Quinton ◽  
Olwen Rowlands ◽  
William Yule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
London Borough ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Specific Reading ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Large differences have been found between the Isle of Wight (IOW) and a (former) inner London borough (ILB) with respect to the rates of emotional (neurotic) disorders, conduct disorders and specific reading retardation in ten-year-old boys and girls (Rutter et al., 1975; Berger et al., 1975). This paper presents preliminary considerations on possible reasons for these differences. Any explanation must account for the fact that the differences in the rates apply to three rather disparate disorders. The epidemiological characteristics and psychosocial correlates of emotional disorders in childhood differ quite markedly from those of conduct disorders, and it appears highly likely that the causes of the two disorders are different (Rutter, 1965, 1970a; Rutter, Tizard and Whitmore, 1970). Although specific reading retardation overlaps markedly with conduct disorders, to a considerable extent it seems to have a separate set of aetiological influences (Rutter and Yule, 1973). Furthermore, there is little association between specific reading retardation and emotional disorder in childhood. It is also notable that the higher rates of disorder in London compared with the Isle of Wight apply just as much to girls as to boys, in spite of the marked differences between the two sexes in the correlates of psychiatric disorder (Rutter, 1970b).

scholarly journals The use of computerised tomography in mental handicap patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 616-618
Author(s):  
S. K. Lekh ◽  
B. K. Puri ◽  
I. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Since its inception (Hounsfield, 1973), computerised tomography (CT) has become an invaluable diagnostic and research tool, particularly in clinical neurology and neurosurgery. Clinically, CT has proved useful in differentiating between ‘functional’ and ‘organic’ psychiatric disorders where it is particularly helpful in the diagnosis of potentially treatable organic disorders. For example, Owens et al (1980) found clinically unsuspected intracranial pathology in 12 of 136 chronic schizophrenic patients examined by CT and Roberts & Lishman (1984) found diagnosis, management, and/or prognosis were influenced in approximately 12% of cases referred by psychiatrists for CT imagining.

scholarly journals Relationship Pattern of Personality Disorder Traits in Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 025371762199953
Author(s):  
Bhavneesh Saini ◽  
Pir Dutt Bansal ◽  
Mamta Bahetra ◽  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Priyanka Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurotic Disorders

Background: Normal personality development, gone awry due to genetic or environmental factors, results in personality disorders (PD). These often coexist with other psychiatric disorders, affecting their outcome adversely. Considering the heterogeneity of data, more research is warranted. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on personality traits in psychiatric patients of a tertiary hospital, over 1 year. Five hundred and twenty-five subjects, aged 18–45 years, with substance, psychotic, mood, or neurotic disorders were selected by convenience sampling. They were evaluated for illness-related variables using psychiatric pro forma; diagnostic confirmation and severity assessment were done using ICD-10 criteria and suitable scales. Personality assessment was done using the International Personality Disorder Examination after achieving remission. Results: Prevalence of PD traits and PDs was 56.3% and 4.2%, respectively. While mood disorders were the diagnostic group with the highest prevalence of PD traits, it was neurotic disorders for PDs. Patients with PD traits had a past psychiatric history and upper middle socioeconomic status (SES); patients with PDs were urban and unmarried. Both had a lower age of onset of psychiatric illness. Psychotic patients with PD traits had higher and lower PANSS positive and negative scores, respectively. The severity of personality pathology was highest for mixed cluster and among neurotic patients. Clusterwise prevalence was cluster C > B > mixed > A (47.1%, 25.2%, 16.7%, and 11.4%). Among subtypes, anankastic (18.1%) and mixed (16.7%) had the highest prevalence. Those in the cluster A group were the least educated and with lower SES than others. Conclusions: PD traits were present among 56.3% of the patients, and they had many significant sociodemographic and illness-related differences from those without PD traits. Cluster C had the highest prevalence. Among patients with psychotic disorders, those with PD traits had higher severity of psychotic symptoms.

Simple versus Complex Conduct Disorders: Identification and Phenomenology

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Margaret Kerr ◽  
Steven R. Forness ◽  
Kenneth A. Kavale ◽  
Bryan H. King ◽  
Connie Kasari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Versus Complex

Children with conduct disorders are among the most frequent referrals for psychiatric or other mental health treatment; yet the diagnosis of conduct disorders is also frequently seen as a reason to exclude children or youth from special education and related mental health services. This article highlights the possibility that associated with conduct disorders or its symptoms may be a variety of other psychiatric disorders requiring very different interventions. Extrapolation of symptoms from classroom inattention or disruptive behavior and estimated prevalence are discussed.

scholarly journals Attitudes of the general population to psychiatric and physical illness

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Clinical Vignette ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Negative Attitudes

Aims and methodThe attitudes of members of the general population to people with psychiatric and physical illnesses were examined. We took a random sample of 280 members of the general population listed in the phone directory and sent them a brief clinical vignette about a neighbour with either schizophrenia, depression, diabetes or no illness.ResultsOnly 103 (41%) of the surveyed general population responded. Some unsolicited comments revealed negative attitudes from a small number of subjects. There were, however, no statistically significant differences in general attitudes to sufferers of psychiatric and physical illnesses suggestive of discrimination against the former. Indeed, respondents showed a general tendency to be more supportive of a neighbour with any illness than to those without. In a sub-analysis, however, those who knew someone with schizophrenia were significantly less likely to be sympathetic towards them.Clinical implicationsWe have not detected any general stigmatisation of those with psychiatric disorders, but our results may be attributable to response bias. Discrimination against those with psychiatric disorder may be limited to a relatively small sector of society or may only be manifest in relatively close relationships.

scholarly journals Psychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3a) ◽  
pp. 664-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Martins Fazzito ◽  
Sérgio Semeraro Jordy ◽  
Charles Peter Tilbery
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Variable Clinical Presentation

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease showing variable clinical presentation. Optic neuritis is the most common symptom, followed by motor and sensitive manifestations. It is known that this disease may be related to several psychiatric disorders, especially depression. In this study we will discribe 5 cases of MS patients harboring psychiatric disorder related or unchained by the disease itself.

Pharmacogenomics variants are associated with BMI differences between individuals with bipolar and other psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 749-760
Author(s):  
Aggeliki Charalampidi ◽  
Zoe Kordou ◽  
Evangelia-Eirini Tsermpini ◽  
Panagiotis Bosganas ◽  
Wasun Chantratita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Aim: Regardless of the plethora of next-generation sequencing studies in the field of pharmacogenomics (PGx), the potential effect of covariate variables on PGx response within deeply phenotyped cohorts remains unexplored. Materials & methods: We explored with advanced statistical methods the potential influence of BMI, as a covariate variable, on PGx response in a Greek cohort with psychiatric disorders. Results: Nine PGx variants within UGT1A6, SLC22A4, GSTP1, CYP4B1, CES1, SLC29A3 and DPYD were associated with altered BMI in different psychiatric disorder groups. Carriers of rs2070959 ( UGT1A6), rs199861210 ( SLC29A3) and rs2297595 ( DPYD) were also characterized by significant changes in the mean BMI, depending on the presence of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Specific PGx variants are significantly associated with BMI in a Greek cohort with psychiatric disorders.

Culture-related specific psychiatric syndromes

2012 ◽  
pp. 979-986
Author(s):  
Wen-Shing Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Formation Reaction ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Stress Formation ◽  
Minor Psychiatric Disorders

In certain ways, all psychiatric disorders are more or less influenced by cultural factors, in addition to biological and psychological factors, for their occurrence and manifestation. ‘Major’ psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders) are more determined by biological factors and relatively less by psychological and cultural factors, but ‘minor’ psychiatric disorders (such as anxiety disorders, conversion disorders, or adjustment disorders) are more subject to psychological causes as well as cultural factors. In addition to this, there are groups of psychiatric disorders that are heavily related to and influenced by cultural factors, and therefore addressed as culture-related specific psychiatric syndromes. Even though the encounter of culture-related specific psychiatric disorder in our daily psychiatric practice is relatively rare, the purpose of examining such specific syndromes has its significant purpose and implications. Through such unique examples, it helps us to appreciate the cultural attribution to the stress formation, reaction pattern, symptom manifestation, occurrence of frequency of disorders, and reaction to the disorders. It also concerns how to work on therapy for the disorder by complying patient’s cultural background.

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