Attainment and Adjustment in Two Geographical Areas

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rutter ◽  
Bridget Yule ◽  
David Quinton ◽  
Olwen Rowlands ◽  
William Yule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
London Borough ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Specific Reading ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Large differences have been found between the Isle of Wight (IOW) and a (former) inner London borough (ILB) with respect to the rates of emotional (neurotic) disorders, conduct disorders and specific reading retardation in ten-year-old boys and girls (Rutter et al., 1975; Berger et al., 1975). This paper presents preliminary considerations on possible reasons for these differences. Any explanation must account for the fact that the differences in the rates apply to three rather disparate disorders. The epidemiological characteristics and psychosocial correlates of emotional disorders in childhood differ quite markedly from those of conduct disorders, and it appears highly likely that the causes of the two disorders are different (Rutter, 1965, 1970a; Rutter, Tizard and Whitmore, 1970). Although specific reading retardation overlaps markedly with conduct disorders, to a considerable extent it seems to have a separate set of aetiological influences (Rutter and Yule, 1973). Furthermore, there is little association between specific reading retardation and emotional disorder in childhood. It is also notable that the higher rates of disorder in London compared with the Isle of Wight apply just as much to girls as to boys, in spite of the marked differences between the two sexes in the correlates of psychiatric disorder (Rutter, 1970b).

A Behavioural Approach to Remedial Reading

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Ruth Levere
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Remedial Reading ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Reading Problems ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
London Borough ◽  
Specific Reading ◽  
Definition Of

The prevalence of reading difficulties varies according to the definition of the problem used and the region in which the survey takes place. The methodologically sound epidemiological studies on the Isle of Wight (Rutter et al 1970) and in an Inner London Borough (Berger et al 1975), which investigated the presence of reading backwardness and specific reading retardation in 10 year olds, indicate the extent of reading problems in this country. Reading backwardness was defined as a level of reading attainment 28 months behind chronological age on the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability (Neale 1958). Specific reading retardation refers to level of attainment 28 months below that expected taking IQ as well as chronological age into account. On the Isle of Wight 8.3% and 3.9% of 10 year olds were reading backward and reading retarded respectively. The corresponding figures for the Inner London Borough were 19.0% and 9.9%.

Attainment and Adjustment in Two Geographical Areas

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rutter ◽  
Antony Cox ◽  
Celia Tupling ◽  
Michael Berger ◽  
William Yule
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
London Borough ◽  
Psychiatric Referral ◽  
Specific Reading ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Child Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Specific Disability

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the observation that rates of psychiatric disorder and of educational problems in children may vary considerably according to area and to types of living conditions. However, very little is known concerning the extent to which rates actually differ, and even less about how particular area characteristics co-vary with the rates of different types of child disorder. Gath et al. (1972) found that child psychiatric referral rates were higher in areas of low social status, but data were not available to determine whether the difference lay in the preyalence of disorder or in the likelihood of detection or referral. Reading backwardness has also been associated with low social class areas (Miller et al., 1957; Eisenberg, 1966). In addition, it has been found that reading standards are lower in England than in Scotland (Davie et al., 1972). None of the studies of reading have taken IQ, into account, and it is not known whether the correlates are mainly with IQ or with a specific disability in reading. The present investigation was designed to examine these issues by determining if there were differences in the rates of child psychiatric disorder and of specific reading retardation between an inner London borough and the Isle of Wight. If differences were found, it also sought to examine the reasons for them, in order to elucidate possible causal or precipitating factors.

scholarly journals The Day House

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 415-417
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
General Psychiatry ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Abstract Ideas

There is increasing recognition that people with a mental handicap who also suffer from psychiatric disorder will need specialised services. Those with major psychiatric disorders may need periods of hospital in-patient care but treatment as out-patients or day-patients may be more appropriate for those with neurotic disorders, behaviour or conduct disorders, problems of adjustment or personality problems. Many such psychiatric difficulties are amenable to treatment by therapies commonly used in general psychiatry. However, the treatment process can be prolonged and may need modifying so that there is always a ‘concrete’ or ‘practice’ base for handicapped persons who may have limited or no ability to conceptualise abstract ideas, although able to gain insight and modify their behaviour when taught appropriate skills and strategies.

scholarly journals Mental Emotional Disorder due to Inhalant in Medan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
Rinaldi Fajri ◽  
Mustafa M. Amin ◽  
Elmeida Effendy
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Volatile Hydrocarbons ◽  
Broken Home

BACKGROUND: Inhalants, also known as volatile substances or solvents, are volatile hydrocarbons, which become gases at room temperature. Inhalants are substances commonly used by homeless teenagers. The effects of this substance vary including stamina enhancing effect, self-resistance, agitation, paranoid, hallucinations, and chest pain. We expect that this case report is able to show how vulnerable teens are to become users of illegal substance, such as inhalants, particularly those who come from low socio-economical background. CASE REPORT: Mental emotional disorders are commonly found among a 14–18-year-old man who engages in glue sniffing that may end up with jail. Most of the cases in Medan were found in children from broken home families or with low financial background, dropping out of school, and those suffering from bullying. Therefore, we particularly report a case of a 14-year-old boy who uses inhalant (glue) in Medan. CONCLUSION: Several studies show that the use of inhalants in street children is quite high.

scholarly journals Correlation between BMI and ADLs with Mental Emotional Disorder among Elderly

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nabilah Qonitah ◽  
Muhammad Atoillah Isfandiari
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Function ◽  
Physical Independence

The increasing of life expectancy led to a growing number of elderly. There are many thing that occurs caused by aging process, one of them is decreases of body function. Decreasing body function can cause variety of health problems. The problem that may occurs are malnutrition, chronic disease, and lack of independence in performing daily activities. All of them are risk factor of mental emotional disorder. This study was conducted to determined the relationship between mental emotional disorders in the Elderly Care Unit Jombang in Kediri. This research was analytical study and used cross sectional. Dependent variable was mental emotional disorders. Independent variables were BMI, physical independence and characteristic. Interview was conducted to obtain information about variables in this study. Data analyzed by chi square and pearson correlation. The prevalence of mental disorders found in this study was 23,4%. Respondents who didn’t have physical independence were 4,3%. Respondents who had body mass index that wasn’t normal is 26,2%. The variables showed correlation only variable physical independence and mental emotional disorders (p = 0,008). While the body mass index and characteristic were not showed correlation with mental emotional disorders. The conclusion of this study was the elderly at risk for emotional suffering mental disorders. Physical independence associated with mental disorders in elderly emotional. So the need for more attention especially from the psychological to the elderly who do not have physical independence.Keywords: risk factors, BMI, physical independence, mental emotional disorder, elderly

Transdiagnostic Assessment and Case Formulation

2017 ◽  
pp. 17-37
Author(s):  
Hannah Boettcher ◽  
Laren R. Conklin
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol ◽  
Dimensional Assessment

This chapter describes a transdiagnostic, emotion-focused approach to case formulation that facilitates individualized application of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP). We begin by highlighting the advantages of dimensional assessment and classification in the domain of emotional disorders. Next, we describe the elements of case conceptualization essential to the UP, including assessment of strong uncomfortable emotions, aversive reactions to emotional experiences, and efforts to escape or avoid these experiences. We provide examples of such processes, suggestions for how to elicit relevant information from patients, and a worksheet for conducting case formulation within the UP framework. Finally, we preview a recently developed self-report instrument that uses dimensional assessment to yield a transdiagnostic profile of emotional disorder features, which may further facilitate treatment planning.

Attentional bias to threat in children at-risk for emotional disorders: role of gender and type of maternal emotional disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Montagner ◽  
Karin Mogg ◽  
Brendan P. Bradley ◽  
Daniel S. Pine ◽  
Marcelo S. Czykiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
Children At Risk

Clinical features of neurotic disorders in internally displaced persons

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S196-S197
Author(s):  
V. Korostiy ◽  
H. Kozhyna ◽  
K. Melamud ◽  
O. Platyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Reactive Anxiety ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionAccording to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, internally displaced persons are persons who have been forced or obliged to leave their homes, in particular as a result of extreme situations, and who have not crossed an state border. As of May 21, 2015 UNHCR has information about 1,299,800 IDPs.AimTo study clinical features of neurotic disorders in IDPs.MethodsWe have a complex psychopathological and psychodiagnostic research 97 IDPs in volunteer center, located at the central train station in Kharkiv.ResultsIn total, 75.9% of IDPs observed have violations of adaptation: long-term depressive reaction (F 43.21) and predominant disturbance of other emotions (F 43.23). The men reactive alarm indicators (average – 37.7 ± 3.0), were higher than trait anxiety (average – 32.6 ± 2.9). On the contrary, women figures trait anxiety (average – 38.6 ± 2.9) were higher than reactive anxiety (average – 34.7 ± 3.0). Severity of depressive symptoms also slightly prevailed in women. The mean score on the Hamilton scale for men was 17.0 ± 2.3 points, women – 18.0 ± 2.3 points. Test results on a scale of quality of life showed no significant differences between men and women. We have developed a medical and psychological support system to correct the neurotic disorders in IDPs.ConclusionsThe majority of people who left the ATO zone have emotional disorders of different severity and require a further correction in the specialized medical institutions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Psychiatry and the Necker Cube. Neurological and Psychological Conceptions of Psychiatric Disorder

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Necker Cube ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
History Of

Neurological and psychological conceptions of psychiatric disorder are in conflict at the present time. This conflict is considered in the context of the history of psychiatry and the philosophy of science. Its practical consequences are considered for the motor disorder of schizophrenia, the cognitive impairment in psychiatric illnesses, the use of the terms organic and functional and the association of neurological disorder with psychotic and neurotic disorders. The conflict is also examined in individual cases and the implications for treatment assessed.

Features in Families of Boys with Hyperkinetic and Emotional Disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Niederhofer ◽  
B. Hackenberg ◽  
R. Stier ◽  
K. Lanzendörfer ◽  
G. Kemmler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hyperkinetic Disorder ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Matched Healthy Control ◽  
Healthy Control

Standardized assessment of a family's characteristics (conflict management, cohesion, etc.) is not used routinely, although these variables may play an important role in the course of psychological disorders in children. The present study investigated differences within the features of families of children with hyperkinetic and emotional disorders. Families of 20 boys diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder and 20 boys with Emotional Disorder (ages 6–12 years) by giving the Mannheim Parents Interview and the teacher's form of the Conners scale were included for evaluation and compared with a matched, healthy control group of 20 boys. Parents were asked to complete a form assessing the family's characteristics (“Familienklima-Testsystem”), including Cohesion, Expressiveness, Conflict Tendency, Individual Independence, Achievement Orientation, Intellectual-Cultural Orientation, Active-Recreational Orientation, Moral-Religious Emphasis, and Organization. Comparison of groups was made by the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. There are significantly more conflicts in families whose children belong to the two disorder groups. Compared with a matched healthy control group, there is low Expressiveness, Independence, and Cultural and Active-Recreational Orientation in the Emotional Disorder group and a significant lack of Organization and Cohesion in the Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder group. Altogether there seems to be a significant association of Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder symptoms with the family's Cohesion and Organization. One implication is that therapists focus their efforts not only on the children with disorders but also on their families.

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