The Therapeutic Factors of Group-Analytical Treatment

1950 ◽  
Vol 96 (405) ◽  
pp. 976-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kräupl Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Therapeutic Factors ◽  
Analytical Treatment ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Environmental Agencies

The term “therapeutic factor” will be used to denote any agency which is potentially capable of producing such changes in the personality of a patient that an alleviation or cure of clinical symptoms may result. Such agencies originate either in the environment of the patient or in his organism. In psychotherapy we are primarily concerned with environmental agencies, namely those which are introduced, regulated and controlled by the therapist, and which are therapeutic only if the patient responds to them in a manner that is conducive to producing the desired changes in his personality. We can therefore distinguish three elements in a therapeutic process: environmental factors, responses by the patient, and ultimate personality changes.

scholarly journals Risk and Environmental Factors Associated with the Presence of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 in Diarrheic Dogs from Thessaly, Central Greece

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Maria Kantere ◽  
Labrini V. Athanasiou ◽  
Alexios Giannakopoulos ◽  
Vassilis Skampardonis ◽  
Marina Sofia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Working Dogs ◽  
Canine Parvovirus Type 2

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) primarily infects dogs, which are the main host reservoir, causing severe gastrointestinal disease associated with immunosuppression. The present study was conducted in Thessaly, Greece and aimed to identify risk and environmental factors associated with CPV-2 infection in diarrheic dogs. Fecal samples were collected from 116 dogs presenting diarrhea and were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of CPV-2 DNA. Supplementary data regarding clinical symptoms, individual features, management factors and medical history were also gathered for each animal during clinical evaluation. Sixty-eight diarrheic dogs were found to be positive for the virus DNA in their feces. Statistical analysis revealed that CPV-2 DNA was less likely to be detected in senior dogs, while working dogs, namely hounds and shepherds, had higher odds to be positive for the virus. Livestock density and land uses, specifically the categories of discontinuous urban fabric and of human population density, were identified as significant environmental parameters associated with CPV-2 infection by using Geographical Information System (GIS) together with the Ecological Niche Model (ENM). This is the first description of the environmental variables associated with the presence of CPV-2 DNA in dogs’ feces in Greece.

scholarly journals A Case of Previously Unsuspected Huntington Disease Diagnosed at Autopsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Miller ◽  
Nobby C. Mambo ◽  
Jianli Dong ◽  
Gerald A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Cag Repeats ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbances ◽  
Personality Changes

Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a worldwide prevalence of four to ten per 100 000. It is characterized by choreiform movements, behavioral/psychiatric disturbances, and eventual cognitive decline. Symptoms usually present between 30 and 50 years of age and the diagnosis is based on the combination of clinical symptoms, family history, and genetic testing. A variation of HD, juvenile Huntington disease (JHD), presents earlier, with more severe symptoms and with a worse prognosis. Symptoms are different in JHD, with personality changes and learning difficulties being the predominant presenting features. Seizures are common in JHD, and chorea is uncommon; movement disorders at presentation of JHD are predominantly nonchoreiform. The inheritance pattern for both HD and JHD is autosomal dominant and the disease is caused by an elongation of the CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene. There are many published case reports of Huntington disease that were confirmed at autopsy, but to our knowledge, there are no reports in the literature where the diagnosis of Huntington disease was first made at autopsy. We present a case of a 28-year-old African-American male who was in a state of neglect due to a lifetime of abuse, cognitive difficulties, and seizures, whose cause of death was pneumonia. The gross autopsy findings included bilateral caudate nucleus atrophy and lateral ventricular dilation. Microscopically, severe bilateral neuronal loss and gliosis of the caudate and putamen nuclei were seen. Genetic testing for the number of CAG repeats confirmed the diagnosis and was consistent with JHD.

scholarly journals A Case of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration with Progressive Dysarthria

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nami Ihori ◽  
Shigeo Araki ◽  
Kenji Ishihara ◽  
Mitsuru Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Frontotemporal Degeneration ◽  
Behavioral Abnormalities ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Neuropsychological Characteristics ◽  
Opercular Syndrome ◽  
Rate Of Speech ◽  
Clinical Subtype ◽  
Post Onset

We investigated the evolution of the neurological and neuropsychological characteristics in a right-handed woman who was 53-years-old at the onset and who showed personality changes and behavioral disorders accompanied by progressive dysarthria. She had hypernasality and a slow rate of speech with distorted consonants and vowels, which progressed as motor disturbances affecting her speech apparatus increased; finally, she became mute two years post onset. Her dysarthria due to bilateral voluntary facio-velo-linguo-pharyngeal paralysis accompanied with automatic-voluntary dissociation fit the description of anterior opercular syndrome. She showed personality changes and behavioral abnormalities from the initial stage of the disease, as is generally observed in frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), and her magnetic resonance image showed progressive atrophy in the frontotemporal lobes; thus, she was clinically diagnosed with FTLD. This patient’s symptoms suggest that FTLD, including bilateral anterior operculum degeneration, causes progressive pseudobulbar paretic dysarthria accompanied by clinical symptoms of FTD, which raises the possibility of a new clinical subtype in the FTLD spectrum.

Uncommon neurodegenerative causes of dementia

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (s1) ◽  
pp. S35-S49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander F. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Subcortical Nuclei ◽  
Vertical Gaze ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Visual Disturbances

A group of neurodegenerative diseases is outlined that affect cortical and subcortical areas of the brain. These diseases give rise to atypical forms of dementia and, unlike Alzheimer's disease (AD), are often associated with neurological symptoms. Clinical symptoms reflect the localization of the degenerative process rather than the nature of the underlying histopathology. Degeneration of the frontal and anterior temporal lobe presents initially with behavioral alterations, but later in the course, impairment of cognition and activities of daily living develops. Posterior cortical atrophy affects the parietal and occipital association cortices and causes complex visual disturbances. In corticobasal degeneration (CBD) the focus of pathology includes the frontoparietal cortex and several subcortical nuclei, causing symmetrical rigidity, bradykinesia, myoclonus and dystonia. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) involves the frontal, temporal and parietal cortex as well as parts of the brain stem. Clinical features include a hypokinetic rigid syndrome with nuchal dystonia and vertical gaze palsy. Huntington's disease is a prototypical autosomal dominant disorder that affects the extrapyramidal system and causes choreatic movements in combination with personality changes and cognitive deterioration. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with dementia is a neurodegeneration of the frontotemporal cortex and of the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Behavioral change similar to frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is paralleled or followed by the classic features of motor neuron disease.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Process in Brief Psychotherapy Group: The Role of Therapeutic Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Marogna ◽  
Floriana Caccamo
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Brief Psychotherapy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Therapeutic Factors ◽  
High Internal Consistency

In all group therapeutic processes, there are interacting and interdependent mechanisms and changing conditions: the therapeutic factors (Corsini & Rosenberg, 1955; Yalom, 1995). These factors are intrinsic to the therapeutic process and unrelated to the type of group (Rorhbaugh & Bartels, 1975). The present study examines the factor structure of the questionnaire Factors Aspecific and Specific in the Group Therapy (FAT.A.S.-G.; Marogna, 2009), designed to investigate specific and non-specific therapeutic factors. The questionnaire was administered to 167 patients involved in a short-term psychotherapy group. The factor analysis identified two main dimensions: interdependence and the group as Object-Self. The Cronbach Alpha coefficients range from .88 to .93, showing high internal consistency between items.

Abstract 9: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study and Kawasaki disease

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Ito ◽  
Kiwako Yamamoto ◽  
Kimie Ishizuka ◽  
Hisako Komuro ◽  
Hidetoshi Mezawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Secondary Survey

Background: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) is a nation-wide birth cohort study involving 100,000 parent-child pairs that was conducted by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment. This study was started in 2011 to evaluate the effect of various environmental factors on children’s health and development. Health outcomes and exposure measurements will continue until the participating children become 13 years old. Method: Exposure to environmental factors was assessed by chemical analyses of bio-specimens (blood, cord blood, urine, breast milk, and hair), household environmental measurements, and computational simulations using monitoring data, as well as questionnaires. The JECS’s priority outcomes include reproduction/pregnancy complications, congenital anomalies, neuropsychiatric disorders, immune system disorders, including Kawasaki disease (KD), and metabolic/endocrine system disorders. Genetic factors, socioeconomic status, history of infection, and lifestyle factors were also examined as covariates and potential confounders. Results: Some of the questionnaires for children under 2 years old have already been collected. The numbers of patients with KD according to age were as follows: 14/71,133 (0.02%) between 0-6 months old, 102/51,351 (0.2%) between 6-12 months old, 71/34,595 (0.21%) between 12-18 months old, and 20/20,995 (0.1%) between 18-24 months old. According to these results, the estimated incidence of KD in children younger than 2 years old could reach more than 0.5%, but this number may increase after further collection of questionnaires. We also conducted a secondary survey regarding KD patients, including family history, clinical symptoms, laboratory data, treatment, and outcome. Conclusion: Recently, similar birth cohorts to JECS were already initiated in many countries, but this is the first large-scale birth cohort focusing KD. The results of this cohort may shed new light on the environmental pathogenesis of KD.

scholarly journals Perinatal hypophosphatasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Koszałka-Fornal ◽  
◽  
Dorota Paluszyńska ◽  
Barbara Królak-Olejnik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Clinical Expression ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Abnormal Structure ◽  
Costs Of Treatment ◽  
The University ◽  
Congenital Metabolic Disorder

Hypophosphatasia, also known as alkaline phosphatase deficiency, is a rare congenital metabolic disorder characterised by early bone and dental defects. First reports on hypophosphatasia date back to 1950s. The prevalence of the disorder in Europe is 1:300,000 births; data on the prevalence in Poland is missing. An abnormal structure of the region coding for the ALPL gene, which is responsible for producing tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, is the main cause of clinical symptoms. Consequently, there is a significant deficiency in the activity or even absence of this enzyme. Due to the heterogeneous clinical expression of hypophosphatasia, multiple clinical forms of the disorder, which vary in their mode of inheritance and prognosis, have been described, including rare and sporadically reported perinatal forms. There are ongoing studies on the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of different clinical forms of hypophosphatasia. We present a case report of perinatal hypophosphatasia diagnosed in the Department of Neonatology at the University Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw, with particular focus on the implemented diagnostic-therapeutic process and possible complications in the affected child during the stay in the neonatal intensive care unit. We also performed a literature review to present a wider picture of the disorder belonging to the group of the so-called rare diseases. We described current diagnostic and treatment possibilities in hypophosphatasia, based on the latest clinical trials, as well as the costs of treatment using Strensiq, the only alkaline phosphatase analogue available on the market.

scholarly journals Lasting effects of a single psilocybin dose on resting-state functional connectivity in healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112110264
Author(s):  
Drummond E-Wen McCulloch ◽  
Martin Korsbak Madsen ◽  
Dea Siggaard Stenbæk ◽  
Sara Kristiansen ◽  
Brice Ozenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Psychedelic Drug

Background: Psilocybin is a psychedelic drug that has shown lasting positive effects on clinical symptoms and self-reported well-being following a single dose. There has been little research into the long-term effects of psilocybin on brain connectivity in humans. Aim: Evaluate changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) at 1 week and 3 months after one psilocybin dose in 10 healthy psychedelic-naïve volunteers and explore associations between change in RSFC and related measures. Methods: Participants received 0.2–0.3 mg/kg psilocybin in a controlled setting. Participants completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans at baseline, 1-week and 3-month post-administration and [11C]Cimbi-36 PET scans at baseline and 1 week. We examined changes in within-network, between-network and region-to-region RSFC. We explored associations between changes in RSFC and psilocybin-induced phenomenology as well as changes in psychological measures and neocortex serotonin 2A receptor binding. Results: Psilocybin was well tolerated and produced positive changes in well-being. At 1 week only, executive control network (ECN) RSFC was significantly decreased (Cohen’s d = −1.73, pFWE = 0.010). We observed no other significant changes in RSFC at 1 week or 3 months, nor changes in region-to-region RSFC. Exploratory analyses indicated that decreased ECN RSFC at 1 week predicted increased mindfulness at 3 months ( r = −0.65). Conclusions: These findings in a small cohort indicate that psilocybin affects ECN function within the psychedelic ‘afterglow’ period. Our findings implicate ECN modulation as mediating psilocybin-induced, long-lasting increases in mindfulness. Although our findings implicate a neural pathway mediating lasting psilocybin effects, it is notable that changes in neuroimaging measures at 3 months, when personality changes are observed, remain to be identified.

scholarly journals Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of Patients With Adenovirus Infection at Different Altitude Areas in Tibet, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Wang ◽  
Mengjia Peng ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Guokai Li ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Military Command ◽  
Low Altitude

BackgroundThe severities of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection are diverse in different areas of Tibet, China, where a large altitude span emerges. Serious consequences may be caused by medical staff if the clinical stages and immunological conditions of patients in high-altitude areas are misjudged. However, the clinical symptoms, immunological characteristics, and environmental factors of HAdV infection patients at different altitude areas have not been well described.MethodsIn this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, we analyzed the data of patients who were confirmed HAdV infection by PCR tests in the General Hospital of Tibet Military Command or CDC (the Center for Disease Control and Prevention) of Tibet Military Command from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and epidemiological data were collected from medical records system and compared among different altitude areas. The inflammatory cytokines as well as the subsets of monocytes and regulatory T cells of patients were also obtained and analyzed in this study.ResultsSix hundred eighty-six patients had been identified by laboratory-confirmed HAdV infection, including the low-altitude group (n = 62), medium-altitude group (n = 206), high-altitude group (n = 230), and ultra-high-altitude group (n = 188). Referring to the environmental factors regression analysis, altitude and relative humidity were tightly associated with the number of infected patients (P < 0.01). A higher incidence rate of general pneumonia (45.7%) or severe pneumonia (8.0%) occurred in the ultra-high-altitude group (P < 0.05). The incubation period, serial interval, course of the disease, and PCR-positive duration were prolonged to various extents compared with the low-altitude group (P < 0.05). Different from those in low-altitude areas, the levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, TNF-β, and VEGF in the plasma of the ultra-high-altitude group were increased (P < 0.05), while the proportion of non-classical monocytes and regulatory T cells was decreased (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings of this research indicated that patients with HAdV infection in high-altitude areas had severe clinical symptoms and a prolonged course of disease. During clinical works, much more attention should be paid to observe the changes in their immunological conditions. Quarantine of patients in high-altitude areas should be appropriately extended to block virus shedding.

scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Factors Influence Pleomorphy of lRRK2 Parkinsonism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinita Ganesh Chittoor ◽  
Jeremy Nichols ◽  
Birgitt Schüle
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Genetic Modifiers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disease Penetrance ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
To Come

Missense mutations in the LRRK2 gene were first identified as a pathogenic cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in 2004. Soon thereafter, a founder mutation in LRRK2, p.Gly2019Ser (rs34637584), was described, and it is now estimated that there are approximately 100,000 people worldwide that carry this risk variant. While the clinical presentation of LRRK2 parkinsonism has been largely indistinguishable from sporadic PD, disease penetrance and age at onset can be quite variable. In addition, its neuropathological features span a wide range from nigrostriatal loss with Lewy body pathology, lack thereof, or atypical neuropathology including a large proportion of cases with concomitant Alzheimer’s pathology, hailing LRRK2 parkinsonism as the "Rosetta stone" of parkinsonian disorders. These differences may result from interactions between LRRK2 mutant protein and other proteins or environmental factors that modify LRRK2 function, and thereby influence pathobiology. This review explores how potential genetic and biochemical modifiers of LRRK2 function may contribute to the onset and clinical presentation of LRRK2 parkinsonism. We review, which genetic modifiers of LRRK2 influence clinical symptoms, age at onset, and penetrance, what LRRK2 mutations are associated with pleomorphic LRRK2 neuropathology, and which environmental modifiers can augment LRRK2 mutant pathophysiology. Understanding how LRRK2 function is influenced and modulated by other interactors and environmental factors –either increasing toxicity or providing resilience- will inform targeted therapeutic development in the years to come. This will allow developing disease-modifying therapies for PD and LRRK2-related neurodegeneration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document