Experimental Studies on Frontal Lobe Functions in Monkeys in Relation to Leucotomy

1950 ◽  
Vol 96 (402) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Freudenberg ◽  
P. Glees ◽  
S. Obrador ◽  
B. Foss ◽  
M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Operative Method ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions

Prefrontal leucotomy as an operative method of treatment for mental disease greatly stimulated research into the functions of the frontal lobes. The operation was a direct result of the observation of Fulton and Jacobsen (1935) that rage reactions seen in monkeys in the course of increasingly difficult experimental tasks do not occur after extirpation of the frontal lobes.

Beyond the Homunculus: The Executive Brain: Frontal Lobe and the Civilized Mind, by Elkhonon Goldberg. 2001. New York: Oxford University Press. 251 pp., $29.95 (HB).

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
William B. Barr
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Good News ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions ◽  
The Brain

There is an old saying that one of mankind's biggest challenge will be to fully understand the functioning of the human brain. Some point out the ultimate irony of needing to utilize all 1400 grams of this organ to understand itself. When confronted with the riddle of frontal lobe functions, this argument can be extended further: the part of the brain that is considered to be most responsible for the highest forms of mental activity is likely to be pushed to its own limits in an effort to understand its own functions. While this might seem like an endless loop to some, the good news is that our field has been making serious advances in understanding the executive functions, those abilities we commonly attribute to the frontal lobes. Many of these successes are presented in a clear and engaging manner in this monograph.

Cognitive Bias, Functional Cortical Geometry, and the Frontal Lobes: Laterality, Sex, and Handedness

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elkhonon Goldberg ◽  
Richard Harner ◽  
Mark Lovell ◽  
Kenneth Podell ◽  
Silvma Riggio
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Frontal Systems ◽  
Cognitive Selection ◽  
Selection Mechanisms

Performance of patients with quadrant lesions on the inherently ambiguous Cognitive Bias Task (CBT) suggests sexual dimorphism in the fundamental aspects of functional cortical geometry, by emphasizing different cerebral axes. In right-handed males, extreme context-dependent and context-independent response selection biases are reciprocally linked to left vs. right frontal systems. In right-handed females, these complementary biases appear to be reciprocally linked to posterior vs. frontal cortices. Frontal lobe functions are more lateralized in males than females due to sexual dimorphism of the left frontal systems. Both in males and females, patterns of CBT scores in non-right-handers with quadrant lesions are opposite to those found in right-handers. This suggests the existence of two functionally and neurally distinct cognitive selection mechanisms. Both mechanisms involve the frontal lobes, but their exact neuroanatomy depends on sex and handedness.

Frontal lobe functions and psychopathology during acute schizophrenia

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Jörg Püschel ◽  
Barbara Hauser ◽  
Markus Rentsch ◽  
Hans H. Stassen ◽  
Sohee Park
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Acute Schizophrenia ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions

scholarly journals Schizophrenia as a process of mental dissolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Aneta Perzyńska-Starkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Etiological Factor ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Level

Abstract In creating his Psychophysiological Theory, Jan Mazurkiewicz transplanted John Hughlings Jackson’s method into the field of psychiatry. Like his precursor, he distinguished four evolutionary levels, but this time with regard to mental activity. According to Mazurkiewicz’s approach, disease is the reverse of evolution. Doing damage to the highest evolutionary level, it allows evolutionarily lower levels to take control of the patient’s psyche. Distorted by the etiological factor, the lower mental levels manifest as mental disease. In his Psychophysiological Theory, Mazurkiewicz distinguishes three types of dissolution: intra-level dissolution (psychoneuroses), slow dissolution or dissociation proper (schizophrenia), and rapid, delirium-like dissolution (impaired consciousness). Kaczyński noted that, based on an in-depth analysis of the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of the successive evolutionary levels of the nervous system, Mazurkiewicz transposed the principles of the Jacksonian concept of hierarchical evolution – dissolution. Within a dozen or so years from birth to maturity, the process of evolution of mankind is recapitulated, with the speed of lightning, in an individual – from instincts, which are phylogenetically the oldest, to the highest functions of the frontal lobes. The present paper makes mention of research conducted at Lublin’s Department of Psychiatry which expands on Mazurkiewicz’s theory.

Epilepsy and Arson

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter K. Carpenter ◽  
Alan L. King
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Direct Result

A man temporarily developed an organic personality change, psychosis and epilepsy after a frontal lobe operation for a subarachnoid haemorrhage. While affected, he set fire to his house. The arson is thought to have been a direct result of a seizure. The case and its legal management are discussed.

Human Frontal Lobe Function Revealed

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-649
Author(s):  
D.S. Knopman
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Psychiatric Diseases ◽  
Frontal Lobe Function ◽  
Human Disorders

All you ever wanted to know about the human frontal lobes seems to be contained in this multiauthored text, at least up to 1996 or 1997. The editors, Miller and Cummings, are acknowledged experts on the topic of human disorders of the frontal lobes. They have done a monumental job of collecting 53 authors and 34 chapters. The book is divided into five sections, frontal lobe neuroanatomy, frontal lobe neurochemistry and neurophysiology, frontal lobe neuropsychology, neurological diseases involving the frontal lobes, and psychiatric diseases involving the frontal lobes.

1. Pathological Retrospect

1893 ◽  
Vol 39 (167) ◽  
pp. 576-581
Author(s):  
Edwin Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
The Other

Derkum (“Journ. Nervous and Mental Disease,” 1892, xvii.) gives an anatomical description of a (Chinese brain, the seventh which has been carefully examined. In this the features characteristic of the other brains were again noted, namely, unusual degree of convolution, disposition to anastomosis in the perpendicular and horizontal directions, and marked obliquity of the orbital surfaces of the frontal lobes (with the last-mentioned may probably be associated the peculiar position of the eyes in the Chinese). Blending of the central and Sylvian fissures is said to be a frequent feature of such brains. For other details see the original paper.

Movement disorders and psychological tests of frontal lobe function in schizophrenic patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Brown ◽  
T. White ◽  
D. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Psychological Tests ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Frontal Lobe Function ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions ◽  
Psychological Functions

SYNOPSISNeuropsychological tests of frontal lobe functions were undertaken in 46 chronic schizophrenic patients who were also rated for movement disorders. Tardive dyskinesia was found to have significant associations with most of these psychological tests. The possible mechanisms are discussed within the context of known neostriatal psychological functions.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Profiles Differ among the Three Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa M. Butts ◽  
Mary M. Machulda ◽  
Joseph R. Duffy ◽  
Edythe A. Strand ◽  
Jennifer L. Whitwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluation ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions ◽  
Visuospatial Functions

AbstractThe objective of this study was to describe the neuropsychological profiles of the three variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Based on a comprehensive speech and language evaluation, 91 subjects were classified as logopenic (lvPPA=51), semantic (svPPA=13), or agrammatic (agPPA=27). All subjects completed a separate neuropsychological evaluation assessing verbal and visual memory, processing speed, executive function, and visuospatial function. The groups did not differ on demographic variables or on measures of disease duration or aphasia severity. There were group differences on aspects of learning and memory, as well as aspects of executive and visuospatial functions, primarily with the lvPPA group performing lower than the agPPA and svPPA groups. The agPPA group showed subtle deficits consistent with frontal lobe impairment, whereas neurocognitive weaknesses in the svPPA group were restricted to temporal lobe functions. The pattern of neurocognitive dysfunction in lvPPA suggests disease involvement of frontal lobe functions in addition to temporoparietal functions. These neurocognitive findings emphasize the value of a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation of individuals who present with primary language disturbance, given the pattern of cognitive deficits may provide additive information for differentiating these clinical syndromes. (JINS, 2015, 21, 429–435)

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