The Rôle of Infection in the Treatment of General Paralysis

1924 ◽  
Vol 70 (288) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. McAlister
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
British Medical Journal ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Royal Hospital ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Active Investigation

Ever since Wagner von Jauregg directed attention to the results of the treatment of general paralysis by various infective agencies, this matter has been the subject of active investigation in several centres. From a perusal of the literature it seems clear that the best results have been obtained from infection with benign tertian malaria. Moreover, this mode of treatment appears preferable to many others suggested, in view of the fact that it involves a minimum of risk in its application. Once a suitable malarial patient has been found, it is easy to inoculate many more from him, and the type of malaria which results can be controlled with great facility by means of quinine. An experiment of this sort has been in progress in the Royal Hospital at Morningside under the direction of Prof. George M. Robertson since March, 1922, and the results which have so far accrued are shown in the accompanying table. The method of inoculating the general paralytic and the details of the subsequent treatment need not be recapitulated here, as they are fully dealt with in the issue of the British Medical Journal dated October 20, 1923.

TheOrvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal)in the network of medical journals

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (22) ◽  
pp. 876-879
Author(s):  
András Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
The Subject

The role of networks is swiftly increasing in the production and communication of scientific knowledge. Network aspects have, therefore, an ever growing importance in the analysis of the scientific enterprise, as well. The present paper demonstrates some techniques of studying the network of scientific journals on the subject of seeking the position of Orvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal) in the international journal network. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(22), 876–879.

Madness and Unsoundness of Mind

1917 ◽  
Vol 63 (263) ◽  
pp. 488-494
Author(s):  
Charles A. Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
British Medical Journal ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Exception ◽  
Psychological Medicine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
What Matters

It is considerably more than a quarter of a century since I first promulgated the doctrine that madness and unsoundness of mind are not the same thing; that madness includes more than unsoundness of mind, and that unsoundness of mind very often occurs in the sane, and is, indeed, one of the most frequent disorders of the sane. This doctrine has always seemed to me as manifestly true as the doctrine of natural selection, and, like the doctrine of natural selection, needs, it appears to me, only to be stated to secure the adhesion of every reasonable mind. In fact, I have found by experience that to the immense majority of my acquaintance it does only need to be stated to secure their adherence. Nearly everyone—everyone outside the membership of this Association—to whom I have stated it, without a single exception, has, in fact, accepted as self-evident that what matters in influencing our judgment of madness or sanity is not what a man thinks or feels, but what he says or does; not his mind, but his conduct. Even within this Association the doctrine has many adherents among the younger members, for I often receive letters from them, telling me how great an assistance it has been to them; so that things are moving, and I trust that before long we shall reach the stage that I predicted in a correspondence in the British Medical Journal, when not only will the doctrine be universally admitted to be true, but also we shall all declare that we never held any other, and that any claim of mine to have originated it will be strenuously denied. However, litera scripta manet. The minute-book of the Educational Committee will show that when I urged that conduct, as being the most important factor in madness, should be systematically studied, I could not secure even a seconder. When I subsequently brought the subject forward in this Association I had not one supporter. Nor had I when I brought it before the Royal Society of Medicine three years ago. In the third edition of Dr. Craig's book on Psychological Medicine, which has just appeared, the doctrine is not so much as even mentioned, and Dr. Craig says that insanity cannot be defined. This he says in face of the fact that at the Royal Society of Medicine I showed that there are several different concepts confused under the name of insanity, and I carefully defined every one of them; nor has any one of my definitions ever been impugned. I venture to assert that if these definitions had emanated from a German source they would have been welcomed with enthusiasm and received with reverence.

scholarly journals The new biological test for blood in relation to zoological classification

1902 ◽  
Vol 69 (451-458) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
British Medical Journal ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Biological Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Zoological Classification

In recent publications which have appeared in the ‘British Medical Journal’ and in the ‘Journal of Hygiene’ I have described the technical methods whereby the so-called specific anti-sera may be produced, and in the article in the latter journal, the reader will find the literature on the subject exhaustively treated. The anti-sera are produced briefly as follows: Assuming that we wish to obtain an anti-serum for human blood, we inject human blood intra-peritoneally into rabbits. After about five injections, given at intervals of three or more days, the rabbit is bled to death, and its bloodserum collected.

An interesting but forgotten publication of Frederick Gowland Hopkins, F. R. S

1952 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-352
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Medical Journal ◽  
British Medical Journal ◽  
Daily Mail ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Brown Bread ◽  
Wholemeal Bread

I have recently come across some printed work of the late Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins which is not included in any of the lists of his published papers. Since it is both interesting and characteristic, some persons have felt that it should find a place among the Notes and Records of the Society . It has accordingly been decided to re-publish it, accompanied by a few notes to help to place it in its correct perspective. In 1909 the Bread and Food Reform League issued a pamphlet setting out the case for a ‘ standard ’ bread, and persuaded a number of physicians to sign it. (1) * This report was not very clearly worded, but its object was to encourage the consumption of a bread with some germ and bran in it, and it was really rather a clever modernization of the campaign for wholemeal bread which the League had been carrying on for a great many years. The term ‘ Standard ’ bread was not new and had been applied to a similar bread intermediate between ‘ white ’ and ‘ wholemeal ’ during the eighteenth century. (2) The Daily Mail took up the matter and in 1910 and early 1911 there was widespread discussion of the pros and cons of ‘ standard ’ bread. The daily press was full of it, and articles appeared on the subject in The Lancet (3) and the British Medical Journal . (4) Questions were asked about it in Parliament. (5) It was, of course, opposed by the millers, who pronounced the milling of the standard flour suggested by the Reform League as unworkable and impossible. (6) The Daily Mail was publishing the views of eminent persons on the matter and sent reporters to Cambridge to interview Hopkins. He made a statement which was published in full on 28 February 1911. To appreciate the quality of this, it is necessary to have some idea of the state of knowledge at that time. Fourteen years before, Eijkman had published his experimental observations on beriberi, (7) and in 1907 Holst and Frolich had reproduced scurvy in guinea-pigs and compared the effects of white and brown bread on pigeons. (8)

scholarly journals Peer review – issues, limitations, and future development

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Velterop
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
British Medical Journal ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Actual Cost ◽  
Peer Reviewers ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
To Come

Abstract Peer review is almost universally seen as the crux of scientific journal publishing. The role of peer reviewers is (1) to help avoid unnecessary errors in the published article, and (2) to judge publication-worthiness (in the journal that arranges for the review). This happens. Sometimes. But the notion of peer review is rather vague, and since most of it is anonymous, it is very difficult – arguably impossible – for researchers to know if the articles they read have been reliably peer reviewed and which criteria have been used to come to the decision to accept for publication. On top of that, peer review is very expensive. Not the peer review itself, as it is mostly done by researchers without being paid for it, but the process as arranged by publishers. This has several underlying causes, but it is clear that the actual cost of technically publishing an article is but a fraction of the average APC (Article Processing Charge) income or per-article subscription revenues publishers routinely realize. Some (e.g. Richard Smith, ex-Editor of the British Medical Journal) advocate abolishing peer review altogether. This is certainly not without merit, but even without abolishing it, there are ways to make peer review more reliable and transparent, and much cheaper to the scientific community.

3. Note on Grouse Disease

1875 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
Maclagan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
British Medical Journal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tape Worm

The result of the author's examination of diseased birds has been to confirm the statements of Drs Cobbold and Crisp, lately published in the “British Medical Journal,” that diseased grouse, or at least the emaciated birds commonly known as “piners,” owe their depraved condition to a small thread-like worm (Strongylus pergracilis, Cobbold) which infests the cæca. The author concurs in the opinion entertained by most of those who have written on the subject, that the tape-worm (Tœnia calva), which is well known to infest the grouse, is not the cause of the disease. The Tœnia is undoubtedly often present along with the Strongylus in diseased birds, but is often found by itself in plump healthy grouse. The worst cases seem to be those in which both are present in quantity, as in one examined by the author, whose cæca was crowded with Strongyli, whilst the intestine contained ten tape-worms, the whole weight of the bird, a full-grown cock, being only 15½ ounces.

scholarly journals Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. On telegony in man. &c

1897 ◽  
Vol 60 (359-367) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
British Medical Journal ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Peculiar Characteristic ◽  
The Subject

(1) The term telegony has been used to cover cases in which a female A, after mating with a male B, bears to a male C offspring having some resemblance to or some peculiar characteristic of A’s first mate B. The instances of telegony usually cited are (i) cases of thoroughbred bitches when covered by a thoroughbred dog, reverting in their litter to half-breds, when they have been previously crossed by dogs of other races. Whether absolutely unimpeachable instances of this can be produced is, perhaps, open to question, but the strong opinion on the subject among dog-fanciers is at least remarkable; (ii) the case of the quagga noted by Darwin (see 'Origin of Species,’ 4th edition, p. 193), and still more recently (iii) a noteworthy case of telegony in man cited in the ‘British Medical Journal’ (see No. 1834, February 22, 1896, p. 462).

Letter to the British Medical Journal

2016 ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
British Medical Journal ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Personal Medicine

In this letter to the British Medical Journal on responsibility and freedom, Winnicott discusses the role of the state and personal medicine as it pertains to what would later be called socialized medicine.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

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