Basal Metabolism in Mental Disorders, especially Dementia Prócox, and the Influence of the Diathermic Current on the Same

1924 ◽  
Vol 70 (288) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Chemical Changes

Metabolism means the chemical changes of materials under the influence of living cells, and basal metabolism as the rate of energy exchange during rest when only the essential vital processes of the body are at work.

scholarly journals Evaluation of body composition, resting metabolic rate and frequency of metabolic disorders in adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Daria A. Bespalyuk ◽  
Pavel L. Okorokov ◽  
Igor S. Chugunov
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Soft Mass ◽  
Adipose Mass

BACKGROUND: Kleinfelter syndrome (KS) is a common genetic disease characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The high risk of developing of metabolic disorders in patients with KS is be explained by the presence of androgen deficiency, which leads to a decrease in the amount of lean soft mass and an increase of the adipose tissue content. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is determined by the amount of lean soft mass, and its reduction can contribute to weight gain and the progression of metabolic disorders in KS. AIM: Body composition, assessment of basal metabolism and metabolic profile in adolescents with KS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 28 adolescents with KS, comparable in age and stage of sexual maturation. All patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of clinical laboratory signs of hypogonadism. Patients passed through the evaluation of metabolic profile, bioelectrical impedance analysis for the body composition and chamber-based indirect calorimetry for the evaluation of BMR. RESULTS: Normal indicants of body composition were determined in 20 (71.4%) adolescents, excess of adipose mass in 6 (21.4%) patients, and deficit of adipose mass in 7.2% of cases. Among 6 patients with excess of adipose mass, three were obese or overweight, while the rest had normal SDS body mass index (BMI). 64.3% of adolescents showed normal indicants of energy exchange at rest, 6 (21.4%) a decrease of BMR, 4 (14.3%) - an increase of BMR. A comparative analysis of patient groups did not reveal statistically significant differences in BMR adjusted to a lean soft mass (OO/TM) (p=0.36). Insulin resistance was detected in 11 patients (39.3%), and the incidence of dyslipidemia was 3.6%. The groups did not significantly differ in terms of glycemia levels in the fasted state and lipid profile indicants. CONCLUSION: Most adolescents with KS have normal indicants of body composition and basal metabolism, as well as a low frequency of metabolic disorders, regardless of the level of total testosterone in blood. In some patients with normal SDS BMI, excess of adipose mass is detected. The lack of correlation between the level of testosterone and the intensity of BMR may indicate a slight effect of androgen deficiency on energy exchange at rest in adolescents with KS.

The history of anabolic steroids and a review of clinical experience with anabolic steroids

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (3_Suppla) ◽  
pp. S11-S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kopera
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anabolic Effect ◽  
Vital Functions

Metabolism is the term employed to embrace the various physical and chemical processes occurring within the tissues upon which the growth and heat production of the body depend and from which the energy for muscular activity, for the maintenance of vital activity and for the maintenance of vital functions is derived (Best & Taylor 1950). The destructive processes by which complex substances are converted by living cells into more simple compounds are called catabolism. Anabolism denotes the constructive processes by which simple substances are converted by living cells into more complex compounds, especially into living matter. Catabolism and anabolism are part of all metabolic processes, the carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. The term anabolic refers only to substances that exert an anabolic effect on protein metabolism and are unlikely to cause adverse androgenic effects. They shift the equilibrium between protein synthesis and degradation in the body as a whole in the direction of synthesis, either by promoting protein synthesis or reducing its breakdown. The protein anabolic effect of anabolic steroids is not restricted to single organs but is the result of stimulated biosynthesis of cellular protein in the whole organism.

Occupational Hot Exposures: Body Physiology and An Approach to Numerical Assessment

1989 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C McLean ◽  
G H Galbraith ◽  
D Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Numerical Assessment ◽  
Physiological Reactions

This paper summarizes the factors which influence the energy exchange processes between an individual and his surroundings and the mechanisms by which the body attempts to maintain itself in a heat balance situation. Thereafter, the important physiological reactions to hot working conditions are described and, on this basis, a numerical assessment procedure is proposed. Examples are given of the use of this method in investigating the possibility of heat stress and estimating the time for which an acclimatized worker can safely be exposed in such circumstances. An increase in the permissible exposure time through a manipulation of the environmental parameters is also considered.

scholarly journals Correlation between BMI and ADLs with Mental Emotional Disorder among Elderly

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nabilah Qonitah ◽  
Muhammad Atoillah Isfandiari
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Function ◽  
Physical Independence

The increasing of life expectancy led to a growing number of elderly. There are many thing that occurs caused by aging process, one of them is decreases of body function. Decreasing body function can cause variety of health problems. The problem that may occurs are malnutrition, chronic disease, and lack of independence in performing daily activities. All of them are risk factor of mental emotional disorder. This study was conducted to determined the relationship between mental emotional disorders in the Elderly Care Unit Jombang in Kediri. This research was analytical study and used cross sectional. Dependent variable was mental emotional disorders. Independent variables were BMI, physical independence and characteristic. Interview was conducted to obtain information about variables in this study. Data analyzed by chi square and pearson correlation. The prevalence of mental disorders found in this study was 23,4%. Respondents who didn’t have physical independence were 4,3%. Respondents who had body mass index that wasn’t normal is 26,2%. The variables showed correlation only variable physical independence and mental emotional disorders (p = 0,008). While the body mass index and characteristic were not showed correlation with mental emotional disorders. The conclusion of this study was the elderly at risk for emotional suffering mental disorders. Physical independence associated with mental disorders in elderly emotional. So the need for more attention especially from the psychological to the elderly who do not have physical independence.Keywords: risk factors, BMI, physical independence, mental emotional disorder, elderly

Influence of the Basal Metabolic Profile on the Evolution of the Pediatric Patient with Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernández Fernandez B ◽  
◽  
Sarasua Miranda ◽  
Lorente Blazquez I ◽  
Diez López ID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Protection Factor

Purpose: To study how basal metabolism influences the somatometric evolution of the child and adolescent population with obesity in a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Material and Methods: Study of the entire population diagnosed with childhood obesity in a tertiary hospital by means of a multichannel impedanceometry study, TANITA BF 430. Results: 100 patients were selected by chance and studied from a database with 1400 records. Most of the patients who attend to these consultations for obesity are girls, between 8 and 11 years old. All the patients studied had a basal metabolism lower than the calculated theoretical ideal. The group of boys at the beginning of their follow-up showed a higher basal metabolism and more similar than the group of girls. Girls had a higher amount of fat mass compared to boys at the beginning of their follow up. After their first year of follow-up, both groups achieved a decrease in the percentage of fat mass, double in the case of boys compared to girls. After three years of the study, it was observed that 54% of the boys achieved a reduction in their FM compared to 36% of the girls. In overall terms, weight reduction is not achieved in this pediatric population. However it is observed a decrease in fat content in the medium term (1-3 years). The reduction of this fat mass could be a protection factor against cardiovascular diseases in adults. Given the same adherence to nutritional programs, it is believed that physical exercise rates influence this reduction. It was also observed that the most relevant data in the evolution of obesity in these patients is the basal metabolism that they present at the beginning of their follow-up. Discussion: Childhood obesity is a problem of increasing importance in our society. Understanding its characteristics would allow different strategies to be taken for a better treatment and diagnosis of these cases. Boys, in general, achieve a greater reduction in fat mass in the same follow-up time. Due to sexual dimorphism, or a higher rate of physical activity. Bioelectrical impedanceometry measurement is a simple, cheap and easy to use method in clinical practice to evaluate the energy consumption and the body composition of the patient. In “healthy child” health programs and even in schools, an impedanceometry machine could be purchased to focus physical activity efforts on those boys and girls with a lower basal metabolism, adding a greater consumption factor such as physical exercise. Thus, it would be possible to increase the requirements and the basal metabolism of the patient would increase, favoring the loss of fat mass. Regarding the use of conventional scales, in this type of patients, if we only look at the weight variable, a bias could be created since it would not be noticed that there has been a decrease in fat content at the cost of an increase in muscle mass. Conclusion: We consider that it should be recommendable to supply with a multichannel impedanceometry every pediatric endocrine consultation room as it is a non-invasive, and easy-to-use test that can provide a great amount of information about the evolution of these patients, since we believe that focusing efforts on those boys and girls who have a worse basal metabolism could contribute to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the scarce health resources that we have.

Influence of the Basal Metabolic Profile on the Evolution of the Pediatric Patient with Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Fernández ◽  
Ainhoa Sarasua Miranda ◽  
Isabel Lorente Blázquez ◽  
Ignacio Diez López
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Endocrinology Clinic

Childhood obesity is a problem of growing importance globally. It is associated with significant health problems. Knowing how to treat it effectively would improve the quality of life of these children. The aim of this chapter is to study how basal metabolism influences the somatometric evolution of the child and adolescent population with obesity in a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Study childhood obesity in a tertiary hospital by means of a multichannel impedanceometry study. All the patients had a basal metabolism lower than the calculated theoretical ideal. In overall terms, weight reduction is not achieved in this pediatric population. However, it is observed a decrease in fat content in the medium term (1-3 years). Bioelectrical impedanceometry measurement is a simple method in clinical practice to evaluate the energy consumption and the body composition. Knowing the body composition of these children would help to intervene more effectively to help control obesity and its health consequences.

Age Changes in Body Size, Body Composition and Basal Metabolism

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Conrad ◽  
A. T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Bone Minerals

The interrelations of body size, body composition and basal metabolism were studied in 69 albino rats ranging in age from 18–174 days. The decline in metabolic rate with age was more rapid than would be predicted from the weight0.75 rule which eliminates the influence of body size in interspecific measurements. Body composition analyses indicated that the increase with age in metabolically inert fat and bone minerals was approximately balanced by a corresponding decrease in metabolically inert extracellular fluid, so that ‘active tissue mass’ was virtually unchanged. Calculations based on data in the literature indicate that about one-half the decline in metabolic rate with age may be due to the corresponding decrease in the relative weight of the viscera. The remainder of the decline in metabolic rate must be due to factors other than changes in the chemical or histological composition of the body.

scholarly journals Histochemische Untersuchungen nach subkutaner bzw. intramuskulärer Applikation von hochmolekularen Eisenpolysaccharid-Präparaten bei Saugferkeln

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
S. Ueberschär ◽  
W. Bollwahn
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trivalent Iron ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Bivalent Iron ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Organic Residual

Subcutaneous or intramuscular injections of high molecular weight iron polysaccharides (Myofer 100® and Pigdex 100®) in therapeutic doses were given to pigs. These are taken up in macrophages between 6 and 24 hours following injection. If the material is finely divided, there occurs extracellularly and also in every case intracellularly a quick transformation from trivalent iron hydroxide to bivalent iron compounds; this process is essentially complete two days following injection. The high molecular weight polysaccharide is split off intracellularly from the iron components and is subject to its own chemical changes in the body. Accompanying this, in connection with the intracellular deposition of iron, there occurs the formation of an organic residual agent which is composed of mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins and a matrix of protein and lipid.

Physical activity behaviors related with construction of the body pattern for the prevention of mental disorders in spanish youth

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 273-273
Author(s):  
A. Cocca ◽  
J. Viciana
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Body Pattern

IntroductionA suitable body pattern is necessary for health. A wrong development of it could determine disorders in mental and physical areas (Ballesteros, 1982). To be active since childhood constitutes a primary factor for developing a good Body Mass Index (BMI) and body image, the main components of body pattern (Piéron, 2005).ObjectivesTo evaluate levels of physical activity (PA) and the relation with body pattern for the prevention of disorders in spanish youth.Methods3685 subjects aged 8 to 24 were selected from various educational institutions of Granada, Spain. Researchers took antropomethric measurements and submitted pupils to IPAQ questionnaire (Booth, 2000) and Body Image Assessment Scale (Thompson & Grey, 1995).ResultsResults showed that PA levels constantly decrease from Primary School until University (p = .001), and BMI increased at the same time. Body image kept constant values at each age range. We found significative correlations between PA and BMI and between BMI and body image (p = .001), but not between PA and body image.ConclusionsThis lack of correlation could mean that subjects have a wrong perception of their body, since they consider themselves healthy despite their BMI raise. This could explain the reduction of practice. This situation could determine the progressive onset of sedentary behaviors and mental disorders as anorexia or bulimia. In the future, Physical Education teachers should aim their classes at developing the perception of body through PA, to make pupils be active and to give them the basis for a suitable construction of body pattern.

scholarly journals What do we know about sleep paralysis?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Paulina Wróbel-Knybel ◽  
Michał Flis ◽  
Rafał Dubiel ◽  
Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Sleep Paralysis ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
Hypnagogic Hallucinations

Summary Introduction: Sleep paralysis (SP) is a condition that widely occurs among people all over the world. It has been known for thousands of years and is rooted in the culture of many countries. It arouses strong emotions, though still little is known about it. The clinical picture of the disorder can be very diverse. It is often accompanied by hypnopompic and hypnagogic hallucinations, somatic complaints and the feeling of intense anxiety. A feeling of paralysis in the body with inhibited consciousness is always observed with the experience. SP pathophysiology is not fully understood, however, most theories explaining this phenomenon are based on the assumption that it results from dysfunctional overlap of REM sleep and wakefulness. It is experienced by healthy people, but it is more often associated with somatic and mental disorders, which is why it is becoming an object of interest for researchers. Aim: The aim of this work is to present the most important information about the disorder known as sleep paralysis - its history, cultural context, pathophysiology, prevalence, symptomatology, coexistence with other somatic and mental disorders as well as diagnostics and available forms of prevention and treatment. Materials and methodology: The available literature was reviewed using the Google Scholar bibliographic databases searching the following keywords: sleep paralysis, REM sleep parasomnias, sleep disorder, night terrors and time descriptors: 1980-2018. Results 1. Sleep paralysis has already been described in antiquity, and interpretations related to its occurrence are largely dependent on culture and beliefs. 2. Symptomatology of the disorder is very diverse: both mental and somatic symptoms are present. 3. The pathophysiology of the disorder has not been fully explained. The basis of most theories regarding sleep paralysis is the assumption that it results from the dysfunctional overlap of REM sleep and wakefulness. 4. The prevalence of SP at least once in a lifetime is 7.6% in the general population, although it is estimated that it is much more frequent in people with various mental and somatic disorders. 5. Treatment of SP is associated with a change in lifestyle and the use of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document