Structure of the Nerve-cells of the Spinal Ganglia [Di Nuovo sulla Struttura delle Cellule Nervose dei Gangli Spinali]. (Com. fatta alla Soc. Med.-Chir. di Pavia nella seduta 20 Gen., 1899.) Golgi, C

1900 ◽  
Vol 46 (193) ◽  
pp. 345-346
Author(s):  
W. Ford Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Spinal Ganglia

scholarly journals STUDIES ON PSEUDORABIES (INFECTIOUS BULBAR PARALYSIS, MAD ITCH)

1933 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Weston Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Spinal Ganglia ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Intracerebral Inoculation ◽  
Bulbar Paralysis ◽  
Nuclear Alterations ◽  
Cardinal Symptom ◽  
In Cells

The histology of pseudorabies differs materially in various animal species. In the rabbit, subcutaneous, intradermal or intramuscular inoculation leads to local inflammation and necrosis. The infection ascends the peripheral nerve (possibly both interstitially and by the axis-cylinders) to the corresponding spinal ganglia and segments of the spinal cord, where primary degeneration of nerve and glial cells takes place. The nerve cell changes are probably responsible for the cardinal symptom of the disease, itching. Death ensues soon after virus reaches the medulla, before visible changes have been produced here. Intracerebral inoculation is followed by characteristic lesions in the meninges, in subpial glial cells and in superficially placed nerve cells. Morbid changes in the lungs are not necessarily related to the presence of virus, but specific lesions may be present. Intranuclear inclusions bearing some resemblance to those in herpetic encephalitis, yellow fever, etc., occur in cells derived from all embryonic layers. The disease in the guinea pig resembles closely that in the rabbit and is modified only by the slightly greater resistance of the animal. In the monkey after intracerebral inoculation, widespread degeneration and necrosis of cortical nerve cells are accompanied by the appearance of specific nuclear alterations in nerve and glial cells, but not in cells of mesodermal origin. No lesions are found in other viscera. In the spontaneous disease in the cow lesions approximate more closely to those in the monkey than to those in the rabbit. In the pig vascular and interstitial lesions predominate, nerve cell degeneration is relatively slight and typical inclusions are not observed. These differences probably explain the benign course of the malady following subcutaneous inoculation in this animal. The lymphatic system, too, participates in the reaction to the virus.

German Retrospect

1898 ◽  
Vol 44 (184) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
William W. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Living Organism ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Spinal Ganglia ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Typical Cell ◽  
Large Motor ◽  
Motor Cells ◽  
Typhus Fever ◽  
Made In

The Effect of Poisons on Nerve Cells.—Nissl gave a demonstration of the result of his researches to the meeting of German alienists, held at Heidelberg, 18th September (Centralblatt für Nervenheilkunde, October, 1896). He thinks it useless to discuss the question how far the nerve cell which we see under the microscope resembles that in the living organism; but he aims at having a pattern or typical cell not altered by our treatment. For this purpose the animal should be killed in a particular manner, and the preparation always made in the same way. Then any deviation from the pattern cell must be owing to some other causes. In this way he has studied the changes in the large motor cells of the anterior horn of the spinal cord of the rabbit after administration of strychnine, veratria, arsenic, alcohol, phosphorus, and the toxin of tetanus. He had also studied the motor cells and the cells of Purkinje and those of spinal ganglia of the rabbit after giving lead, the cells in the sympathetic after poisoning by arsenic, and the cells of the cortex of the same animal after poisoning by alcohol, morphia, and lead. He had also studied the cells in the human brain in a case of poisoning by phosphorus and typhus fever. Nissl's method is to give the animal sufficient doses to maintain a toxic effect without ending life. He compares the cell thus acted upon with a healthy cell from the same locality. He has found that after the action of these poisons the effect is not uniform in all the nerve cells; some are more affected than others, while different cells are affected through different poisons. He observes that in some the nuclei are altered, becoming rounder and more homogeneous and take a deeper colour. Dr. Nissl gave twenty-four illustrations of his preparations coloured in his own methods; he also demonstrated the various kinds of nerve cells and pointed out the relation of different species of cells in the nervous centres of vertebrate animals to the different functions. He thought that with the help of a more thorough clinical and psychological analysis we might hope yet to find out the function of different cells in the nerve tissues. He observed that when there are marked alterations in the nuclei, the cells can no longer be restored to their normal functions. Hitzig observed that in tetanus there was found vacuolisation of the nerve cells on dyeing with carmine; but Nissl holds these vacuols to be an artificial product.

The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
The Right ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

Ultrastructural study on the development of rat amygdaloid body

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
A. Manolova ◽  
S. Manolov
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Amygdaloid Complex ◽  
Amygdaloid Body ◽  
Thin Ring ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Abundant Cytoplasm ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Oval Shape

Relatively few data on the development of the amygdaloid complex are available only at the light microscopic level (1-3). The existence of just general morphological criteria requires the performance of other investigations in particular ultrastructural in order to obtain new and more detailed information about the changes in the amygdaloid complex during development.The prenatal and postnatal development of rat amygdaloid complex beginning from the 12th embrionic day (ED) till the 33rd postnatal day (PD) has been studied. During the early stages of neurogenesis (12ED), the nerve cells were observed to be closely packed, small-sized, with oval shape. A thin ring of cytoplasm surrounded their large nuclei, their nucleoli being very active with various size and form (Fig.1). Some cells possessed more abundant cytoplasm. The perikarya were extremely rich in free ribosomes. Single sacs of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were observed among them. The mitochondria were with light matrix and possessed few cristae. Neural processes were viewed to sprout from some nerve cells (Fig.2). Later the nuclei were still comparatively large and with various shape.

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