scholarly journals Uncovering neurodevelopmental features in bipolar affective disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (01) ◽  
pp. 383-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Valli ◽  
Chiara Fabbri ◽  
Allan H. Young
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Cluster Analytic

SummarySchizophrenia and bipolar disorder are genetically related and their clinical features overlap. Schizophrenia is conceptualised as a neurodevelopmental disorder but the evidence for bipolar disorder is less clear. Cluster-analytic approaches reveal different cognitive profiles within bipolar disorder, possibly reflective of differing neurodevelopmental loads, which are also suggested by recent genetic and neuroimaging studies. Such studies suggest the potential utility of further clinical subcategories in bipolar disorder based on neurodevelopmental load.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Neurocysticercosis presenting as bipolar disorder: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. e100663
Author(s):  
Surbhi Batra ◽  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Lokesh Singh Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Rule Out

Neurocysticercosis is the most common neuro-parasitosis caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium. The most common manifestations include seizures and hydrocephalus. Psychiatric abnormalities are relatively rare but depressive symptoms are frequent in patients with neurocysticercosis. However, mania as a presentation is relatively rare. Pregnancy and the postpartum period are relatively vulnerable times and they can lead to reactivation of existing neurocysterci lesions. We are discussing the case of a 23-year-old female patient with neurocysticercosis leading to the reactivation of lesions in the peripartum and postpartum period leading to bipolar affective disorder. Improvement in the patient was seen with a combination of antipsychotics, antihelmintics, antiepileptics and steroids, along with improved radiological signs of neurocysterci lesions. Although neurocysticercosis is a common illness, its prevalence presenting as a manic episode is merely 2.6% and, hence, missed easily. Therefore, it is important to rule out organic aetiology in patients even with a classic presentation of bipolar affective disorder and those having any other neurological symptoms and signs.

Depot Antipsychotics in the Prophylaxis of Bipolar Affective Disorder

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Littlejohn ◽  
F. Leslie ◽  
J. Cookson
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
British Journal ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Depot Antipsychotic ◽  
Depot Antipsychotics ◽  
Depot Medication

BackgroundThe efficacy of depot antipsychotic drugs in the prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder was investigated.MethodLife charts were constructed for 18 outpatients with bipolar disorder receiving prophylactic treatment with depot medication. The durations of affective episodes were compared during periods on or off medication.ResultsThe subjects suffered fewer relapses and spent significantly less time in hospital (P = 0.001) for treatment of manic, depressive and mixed affective illness during treatment with depot antipsychotics.ConclusionsDepot antipsychotic medication may be a useful prophylactic treatment for certain patients with bipolar affective disorder.British Journal of Psychiatry (1994), 165, 827–829

Bipolar affective disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burns ◽  
Mike Firn
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Early Admission ◽  
Outreach Workers

This chapter deals with the other major psychotic illness, bipolar affective disorder. Bipolar disorder poses a difficult question for outreach workers, as patients are often well recovered between episodes—so should persisting outreach be provided? We report very good results in severe bipolar disorder where continuity of care has paid off. The chapter also deals with theories of causation and classification. The section on treatment identifies the importance of early admission in hypomania, the use of mood stabilizers, and the value of identifying and agreeing on relapse signatures. It also confirms the value of working hard to strengthen the therapeutic relationship and of psychosocial interventions such as psycho-education. Long-term work with these patients brings home just how persistent and disabling the depressive phases can be.

scholarly journals Impulsivity as a Clinical Marker for Bipolar Affective Disorder

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Omar ◽  
A N Elbatrawy ◽  
W M Sabry ◽  
H A Elkholy ◽  
W A Farrag
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Adult Psychiatry ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

Abstract Background Bipolar disorder is one of the world’s 10 most disabling conditions, taking away years of healthy functioning from individuals, all bipolar disorders are chronically recurring illnesses associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Impulsivity considered an integral part of bipolar disorder. Operationalized as a predisposition to action without reflection or regard for consequences. Potential consequences of this increased impulsivity include substance abuse, suicidal attempts, and other serious behavioral problems. Aim of the Study The aim of the current study was to measure impulsivity in both BD euthymic patients and in healthy first-degree relatives of BD patients. And to assess the functional implications of impulsiveness, on psychosocial functioning and in bipolar disorder patients, their first-degree relatives. Patients and Methods A convenient sample of 50 patients; diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were selected from the general adult psychiatry clinics and a convenient sample of 50 healthy first degree relatives of BD patients. Results We concluded by the end of this study that both cases and relatives have high overall impulsivity, and cases have higher impulsivity in comparison to relatives. Conclusion We suggest that impulsivity may be a potentially valuable candidate endophenotype for bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Incidence of bipolar affective disorder in three UK cities

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuhina Lloyd ◽  
Noel Kennedy ◽  
Paul Fearon ◽  
James Kirkbride ◽  
Rosemarie Mallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minority Ethnic

BackgroundThere has been a relative dearth of epidemiological research into bipolar affective disorder. Furthermore, incidence studies of bipolar disorder have been predominantly retrospective and most only included hospital admission cases.AimsTo determine the incidence of operationally defined bipolar disorder in three areas of the UK and to investigate any differences in gender and ethnicity.MethodAll patients who contacted mental health services with first-episode psychosis or non-psychotic mania between September 1997 and August 1999 were identified and diagnosed according to ICD–10 criteria. Incidence rates of bipolar affective disorder were standardised for age and stratified by gender and ethnic group across the three areas.ResultsThe incidence rate per 100 000 per year in south-east London was over twice that in Nottingham and Bristol. There was no significant difference in the rates of disorder in men and women. Incidence rates of bipolar disorder in the combined Black and minority ethnic groups in all three areas were significantly higher than those of the comparison White groups.ConclusionsThe incidence of bipolar disorder was higher in south-east London than in the other two areas, and was higher among Black and minority ethnic groups than in the White population.

Cytogenetic abnormalities on chromosome 18 associated with bipolar affective disorder or schizophrenia

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Mors ◽  
Henrik Ewald ◽  
Douglas Blackwood ◽  
Walter Muir
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Chromosome Abnormalities ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chromosome 18 ◽  
Karyotype Abnormality

BackgroundA few recent linkage studies have shown a possible locus for bipolar disorder on chromosome 18. Cytogenetic studies may assist in the further localisation of susceptibility loci on this chromosome.MethodA search was made for abnormalities of chromosome 18 in two separate large cytogenetic databases. In Denmark detection of mental illness in subjects with chromosome abnormalities was done by cross-linking the two separate register of psychiatric and chromosome disorders. In Scotland the Cytogenetic Registry of the MRC Human Genetics Unit undertakes long-term clinical follow-up of all cases with chromosome abnormalities.ResultsCross-linking the two Danish register's revealed a family with the rare karyotype abnormality inv(18) (p11.3;q21.1) with one inversion carrier who also suffered from bipolar disorder. In this family there were two other cases of bipolar disorder, but the karyotype of these cases could not be established. One family in Scotland showed a case of schizophrenia in a carrier of inv(18) with the same breakpoints as the Danish family.ConclusionsWe suggest further studies of the 18p11.3 and 18q21.1 regions in order to identify genes involved in bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia.

scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH DRUG USE IN BIPOLAR PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Aysha Rashid ◽  
Mariam Haroon ◽  
Sumira Qambar Bokhari ◽  
Aysha Butt ◽  
Nauman Mazhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Bipolar Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background: Substance Use is highly associated with bipolar affective disorder, however the reason for the co-occurrence is unknown. It was evident that if a bipolar patient use  drug of abuse his outcome will be poor. Either it can directly trigger the affective symptoms, or may affect the treatment compliance indirectly. Aims: The objective of this study was to study the demographic correlates of drug abuse in patients with bi-polar affective disorder. Method: Cross-Sectional research design and non-probability consecutive sampling was used to collect data from a private clinic in Lahore. Data was comprised of 368 patients of bipolar disorder. Results: Out of a total of 368 bipolar patients, drug abuse was found in 147 patients that is 39.9%. The results showed that the mean age of the patients was 31.03 ±5.837; mean monthly income was 229597.82 ±164626.77 PKR. The mean duration of illness was 6.54 ±5.157. The mean number of drugs used was 2 ±0.875. The mean cost of drug was 29945.7 ±19068.8 PKR. The mean number of hospitalization was 2.47 ±1.694. Association  between drug use and  occupation of  bipolar patients (0.006), factors leading to initiation of drug use (0.000), family history of drug use (0.001), current episode (0.000) and the type of drugs used (0.000)  was statistically significant. Conclusion: The cause and effect relationship between drug use and bipolar disorder cannot be clearly identified. However occupation of the patient, reasons of initiating drugs, drug abuse in family, current episode as well as  type of drugs used have  significant association  with drug abuse in bipolar patients .

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Family caregivers of persons with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia experience high level of burden and compromised quality of life. A considerable amount of burden on the caregivers often leads to display of certain attitudes towards persons with severe mental illness called expressed emotion, which then leads to poor quality of patients as well. Although numerous studies dealing with these issues separately are present, but studies dealing with relationship, using mixed methodology, among these issues are scarce. The aim of the present study was to understand how actually the construct of quality of life in different demographic conditions affect life conditions of schizophrenic and bipolar patients and determining relapse. The present study was designed mainly to assess the quality of life on patients and the families of a particular group of patients namely those with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The objectives if the present research were to study: (i) the quality of life of patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective disorder. (ii) the quality of life of caregivers of patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective disorder. Patients with disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder are more likely to relapse when there is high expressed emotion present in their living environment. The stress from the remarks and attitudes of the family is overwhelming because they feel like the cause of the problems. The patient then falls into the cycle of relapse. The only way to escape this vortex for the family is to go through therapy together to prevent the relapse. But before that it becomes necessary to understand that what is the reason behind such attitude towards a family member who is mentally ill, what is the cause of burden and what all changes the caregivers’ and the patients’ quality of life come across.

scholarly journals Use of Dermatoglyphic Parameters as Possible Markers in Bipolar Affective Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 385-393
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Pal ◽  
Sagarika Ray ◽  
Jishnu Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Ridge Count ◽  
Primordial Prevention ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background: Bipolar affective disorder is an episodic illness characterized by fluctuating mood states. Association of dermatoglyphic traits with bipolar affective disorder has been observed in various studies. This study was undertaken to evaluate epidermal ridge patterns in bipolar patients as compared to healthy controls attending a super speciality district hospital in West Bengal. Context and purpose of study: Establishing dermatoglyphic parameters as biomarkers for early diagnosis and consequently, prompt intervention in bipolar affective disorder will ensure a greater scope of recovery, and thus promote a better quality of life for the individual as well as lower the burden of disease for the society. Methods: Quantitative dermatoglyphic parameters namely, Total Finger Ridge Count (TFRC), Total A-B Ridge Count (TABRC), and ATD Angle of 100 bipolar patients were compared to 100 age and gender matched healthy controls. Results: Statistically significant differences were found on comparing the dermatoglyphic parameters between cases and controls. TFRC was found to be decreased while ATD angle was increased in bipolar cases, as compared to the control group. However, no significant change was observed in TABRC between the two groups. Conclusions: This study found a significant association between dermatoglyphic pattern anomalies and the development of bipolarity. This may offer a scope of primordial prevention of bipolar disorder in future. Key words: Dermatoglyphics, ridge pattern, bipolar disorder, Total Finger Ridge Count (TFRC), Total A-B Ridge Count (TABRC), ATD angle.

scholarly journals Thyroid Functions and Bipolar Affective Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subho Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Treatment Refractory ◽  
Hpt Axis

Accumulating evidence suggests that hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis dysfunction is relevant to the pathophysiology and clinical course of bipolar affective disorder. Hypothyroidism, either overt or more commonly subclinical, appears to the commonest abnormality found in bipolar disorder. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is also likely to be greater among patients with rapid cycling and other refractory forms of the disorder. Lithium-treatment has potent antithyroid effects and can induce hypothyroidism or exacerbate a preexisting hypothyroid state. Even minor perturbations of the HPT axis may affect the outcome of bipolar disorder, necessitating careful monitoring of thyroid functions of patients on treatment. Supplementation with high dose thyroxine can be considered in some patients with treatment-refractory bipolar disorder. Neurotransmitter, neuroimaging, and genetic studies have begun to provide clues, which could lead to an improved understanding of the thyroid-bipolar disorder connection, and more optimal ways of managing this potentially disabling condition.

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