scholarly journals Prevalence of dementia in an urban population in Kerala, India

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shaji ◽  
Srija Bose ◽  
Abraham Verghese
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Important Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

BackgroundDementia is emerging as an important health problem of elderly people in India.AimsTo investigate the prevalence, psychosocial correlates and risk factors of various dementing disorders in an urban population in Kerala, southern India.MethodA door-to-door survey was conducted in the city of Kochi (Cochin) to identify residents aged ?65 years using cluster sampling. Of 1934 people screened with a vernacular adaptation of the Mini-Mental State Examination, all those scoring at or below the cut-off of 23 were evaluated further and those with confirmed cognitive and functional impairment were assigned diagnoses according to DSM–IV criteria. Identified cases were categorised by ICD–10 criteria. Ten percent of those screened as negative were evaluated at each stage.ResultsPrevalence of dementia was 33. 6 per 1000 (95% Cl 27.3–40.7). Alzheimer's disease was the most common type (54%) followed by vascular dementia (39%), and 7% of cases were due to causes such as infection, tumour and trauma. Family history of dementia was a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and history of hypertension was a risk factor for vascular dementia.ConclusionsDementia is an important health problem of the elderly population. Identification of risk factors points towards the possibility of prevention.

scholarly journals Risk factors for dementia

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catriona D. McCullagh ◽  
David Craig ◽  
Stephen P. McIlroy ◽  
A. Peter Passmore
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Population Demographics ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

There is little doubt that dementia is a very common cause of disability and dependency in our society. Since dementia of whatever type is usually more common with increasing age, then as population demographics change, so will the prevalence of dementia. Dementia is a generic term and the objective for clinicians, once dementia is suspected, is to attempt to define the cause. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, and in most centres vascular dementia would feature as the next most common aetiology. In some centres, Lewy body dementia is the second most common cause. Mixed Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia would also feature high on the list at most centres.

Vascular and mixed dementias

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Risk Factor Control ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Trial Evidence

Vascular disease is the most important environmental risk factor for dementia but this research area has been hampered by inadequate outcome definitions – in particular, a diagnostic system that attempts to separate overlapping and probably interacting pathologies. There is now substantial evidence that the well-recognised risk factors for cardiovascular disease and stroke are also risk factors for dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. However, these risk factors frequently act over several decades, meaning that the chances of definitive randomised controlled trial evidence for risk-modifying interventions are slim. This should not obscure the wide opportunity for delaying or preventing dementia through risk factor control and uncontroversial healthy lifestyles. Care should also be taken that comorbid cerebrovascular disease is not considered as excluding a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, particularly now that this determines treatment eligibility.

Survival in Subcortical Vascular Dementia: Predictors and Comparison to Probable Alzheimer's Disease in a Tertiary Memory Clinic Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Hun Kim ◽  
Seok Min Go ◽  
Sang Won Seo ◽  
Suk Hui Kim ◽  
Juhee Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Subcortical Vascular Dementia ◽  
History Of

Background: Subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD) is one of the most common dementias, after Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Few survival analyses in SVaD patients have been reported. Methods: The dates and causes of death of 146 SVaD and 725 AD patients were included. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to compare survival between SVaD and AD patients and to explore possible factors related to survival of SVaD patients. Results: The median survival time after the onset of SVaD (109 months) was shorter than that recorded for AD (152 months). The most common cause of death in SVaD was stroke (47.1%). Factors associated with shorter survival in SVaD were late onset, male sex, worse baseline cognition, absence of hypertension and a family history of stroke. Conclusions: Stroke prevention may be important in SVaD treatment because 47.1% of SVaD patients died of stroke. A family history of stroke and absence of hypertension were associated with a shorter survival in SVaD, suggesting the existence of genetic or unknown risk factors.

Use of aripiprazole for psychosis and agitation in dementia

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerson Laks ◽  
Roberto Miotto ◽  
Valeska Marinho ◽  
Eliasz Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Elderly Woman ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory

We report the case of an elderly woman with Alzheimer's disease, risk factors for vascular dementia, and atrium-ventricular blockade, who presented with severe agitation and psychosis. She was treated with aripiprazole and assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) over the course of 14 weeks. NPI scores showed a marked decrease in psychosis and agitation at week 4, and complete recovery at week 14, except for depression.

The Role of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Alzheimer's Disease

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 824-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramit Ravona-Springer ◽  
Michael Davidson ◽  
Shlomo Noy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Imaging

ABSTRACTThe distinction between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, the two most common types of dementia, has been undermined by recent advances in epidemiologic, clinical, imaging, and neuropathological studies. Cardiovascular risk factors, traditionally regarded as distinguishing criteria between the two entities, have been shown to be associated with both AD and vascular dementia. In this article, we propose mechanisms of action of cardiovascular risk factors in AD, suggest possible explanations for the overlap with vascular dementia and discuss the implications this might have on future differential diagnosis, research, and treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Anxiety as a risk factor of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia – ERRATUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
Eva Becker ◽  
Claudia Lorena Orellana Rios ◽  
Claas Lahmann ◽  
Gerta Rücker ◽  
Joachim Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Dementia

scholarly journals Anxiety as a risk factor of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (5) ◽  
pp. 654-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Becker ◽  
Claudia Lorena Orellana Rios ◽  
Claas Lahmann ◽  
Gerta Rücker ◽  
Joachim Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Prognostic Effect

BackgroundThe aetiology of dementia is not yet fully understood. Stress can have a damaging effect on brain health. The prognostic effect of anxiety is still unclear regarding Alzheimer's disease as well as vascular dementia.AimsTo explore the association between anxiety and future dementia.MethodMedline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science and ALOIS were searched for publications up to 12 January 2018. Longitudinal studies with a follow-up of at least 2 years were included, if the trait or state anxiety had been assessed at baseline. Studies with cognitive impairment at baseline were not included. We used a random effects model to calculate the pooled time to Alzheimer's disease and incidence of vascular dementia.ResultsAnxiety predicts risk of Alzheimer's disease (n = 26 193 out of seven studies, hazard ratio1.53, 95% CI 1.16–2.01, P < 0.01) and vascular dementia (n = 4916 out of two studies, odds ratio1.88, 95% CI 1.05–3.36, P < 0.01). The pooled hazard ratio regarding risk of Alzheimer's disease was still significant when excluding studies with critical risk of bias (n = 14 110 out of six studies, hazard ratio 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.70, P < 0.01).ConclusionsAnxiety is a risk factor for both types of dementia. The temporal and functional relation between anxiety and dementia needs investigation in future studies. The protective value of treating anxiety should be explored further.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Risk factors and global cognitive status related to brain arteriolosclerosis in elderly individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eseosa T Ighodaro ◽  
Erin L Abner ◽  
David W Fardo ◽  
Ai-Ling Lin ◽  
Yuriko Katsumata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Risk Genotype

Risk factors and cognitive sequelae of brain arteriolosclerosis pathology are not fully understood. To address this, we used multimodal data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data sets. Previous studies showed evidence of distinct neurodegenerative disease outcomes and clinical-pathological correlations in the “oldest-old” compared to younger cohorts. Therefore, using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data set, we analyzed clinical and neuropathological data from two groups according to ages at death: < 80 years ( n = 1008) and ≥80 years ( n = 1382). In both age groups, severe brain arteriolosclerosis was associated with worse performances on global cognition tests. Hypertension (but not diabetes) was a brain arteriolosclerosis risk factor in the younger group. In the ≥ 80 years age at death group, an ABCC9 gene variant (rs704180), previously associated with aging-related hippocampal sclerosis, was also associated with brain arteriolosclerosis. A post-hoc arterial spin labeling neuroimaging experiment indicated that ABCC9 genotype is associated with cerebral blood flow impairment; in a convenience sample from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative ( n = 15, homozygous individuals), non-risk genotype carriers showed higher global cerebral blood flow compared to risk genotype carriers. We conclude that brain arteriolosclerosis is associated with altered cognitive status and a novel vascular genetic risk factor.

scholarly journals OVERSIMPLIFICATION OF DEMENTIA RISK REDUCTION MESSAGING IS A THREAT TO KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION IN DEMENTIA PREVENTION RESEARCH

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
K.J. Anstey ◽  
R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Prevention

The evidence for specific risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and all cause dementia is increasing rapidly in quantity and quality. This has enabled the compilation of risk assessment tools for Alzheimer’s disease (1), and their validation (2). It has also supported the promulgation of public health messaging about dementia risk reduction or dementia prevention. In general these developments are strong advances in the field of dementia prevention. However, the oversimplification of the findings and possible over-or mis-interpretation of their meaning, poses risks to accurate and effective knowledge translation in this field. Lack of balance in the interpretation of evidence on risk factors for dementia may lead to trials of interventions for dementia prevention that are ineffective. This will waste resources and create pessimism about dementia prevention research. Two potential problems that may occur when translating evidence from observational research into prescriptions for prevention are identified here. The first is the generalisation of specific findings about risk factors either to multiple types of dementia or to multiple populations, when the evidence is in fact relevant to specific populations or outcomes. The second is the inference that reversal of a risk factor will lead to prevention, without knowledge of the threshold at which a factor becomes a ‘risk’, or evidence that reversal of the risk factor also reverses neuropathological processes instigated or caused by the risk factor.

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