Socio-economic deprivation and the prevalence and prediction of depression in older community residents

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. M. Wilson ◽  
S. Taylor ◽  
J. R. M. Copeland ◽  
R. Chen ◽  
C. F. M. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Townsend Score ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Older Populations

BackgroundThe Townsend index is a measure of social deprivation. It can be applied to postal districts and has been employed in studies examining the ecological associations of mental illness.AimsWe examine the utility of the Townsend index in identifying older populations with a high prevalence and risk of developing depression.MethodThe study was carried out in the context of a cohort study of an age- and gender-stratified sample of 5222 community residents aged 65 years and over. Subjects were interviewed at intervals of two years. The relationships between Townsend score and psychiatric diagnoses (in particular, depression) were examined.ResultsHigh Townsend scores were associated with increased prevalence and incidence of depression and prevalence of organic psychiatric illness.ConclusionsThe Townsend index can be used to prioritise psychiatric and primary care resources so as to cater for older populations likely to suffer from depression and organic psychiatric conditions.

scholarly journals Association Between Cervical Abrasion and Age and Its Influence on Gender - A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Nur Liyana Hannah Binti Izham Akmal ◽  
Adimulapu Hima Sandeep ◽  
Revathi Duraisamy
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

Cervical lesions are often characterized by defects seen in the gingival third of a tooth crown which may be in the facial or lingual surface. Pathological loss of tooth structure caused by factors other than dental caries such as cervical abrasion is referred to as non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). Cervical abrasion is an example of NCCL in which a constant exposure of the tooth to mechanical forces leads to pathological wearing away of the hard tissues. In most of the cases, cervical tooth lesions are revealed to be more common as the age increases. Several studies have reported the difference in the prevalence of cervical abrasion between males and females. Many reports suggest that cervical abrasion is commonly associated with improper tooth brushing habits. To evaluate the prevalence of cervical abrasion between genders and its influence on age. It is a retrospective study conducted using the case records of Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India from June 2019 to March 2020. Data including the patient’s name, patient’s identification number (PID), age, gender and presence of cervical abrasion were retrieved from the patients’ case records. A total of 742 consecutive case records were retrieved and analysed. Cervical abrasion was observed in 371 individuals of this study. High prevalence of cervical abrasions was seen in males (70.9%) compared to females (29.1%). Most of the cases were observed in individuals within the 41-50 years age group (28.8%), and the least was seen within the 11-20 years age group (0.3%). Within the limits of the study, most of the cervical abrasion cases are recorded in individuals within the 41-50 years age group with higher predilection in males. There is a statistically significant association of cervical abrasion with age and gender.

Predictive Factors of Depression Among Relatives of Brain-Dead Persons: A Descriptive Correlational Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282097480
Author(s):  
Kourosh Amini ◽  
Mahnaz Rahmani ◽  
Masoumeh Asgari ◽  
Ramazan Fallah
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
The Unemployed

This study aimed to determine the predictive factors of depression among relatives of person deceased by brain death. In this study, 106 first-degree relatives of people who died of due to brain death were studied. Of the study units, 72.64% had levels of depression (severe, moderate, and mild). Among the dependent variables concerning deceased person, age and gender of the deceased were significantly correlated with the depression of their relatives. Among the variables concerning relatives, low level of education, unemployment and time elapsed after brain death have significant role in the incidence or prediction of their depression (p < 0.05). The results indicated a high prevalence of depression among relatives of men aged 30–50 who died because of brain death. It is recommended to consider this fact in planning to care relatives, especially among the low-educated, the unemployed and experiencing the first year of death, of people deceased by brain death.

scholarly journals Genetic predictors of theophylline efficacy and safety in children with bronchial asthma

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-772
Author(s):  
B I Kantemirova ◽  
A K Starodubtsev ◽  
D A Sychev ◽  
V I Griganov
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Polymorphic Marker ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Genetic Predictors ◽  
Substrate Drug ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Urine Cortisol ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Treatment Safety

Aim. To study the prevalence of С734A polymorphic marker of CYP1А2 genotype in population of children of different ethnical groups, and to estimate the phenotypic activity of CYP3A4 izoenzyme by age and gender for further increasing the theophylline treatment safety in children with bronchial asthma. Methods. 250 healthy children aged from 1 to 10 years from different ethnical groups (Russians, Kalmyks, Ingush, Chechens, Tatars). Each ethnical group consisted of 50 children. CYP1А2 izoenzyme genotype (by С734A polymorphic marker) was detected by polymerase chain reaction. CYP3A4 izoenzyme of liver cytochrome P 450 activity was measured by calculating urine 6-β-hydrocortisone level to urine cortisol level ratio. Urine 6-β-hydrocortisone and cortisol levels were measured by high precision Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results. It is the first time when high prevalence of CYP1А2 genotype was reported in children of 5 different nationalities living in Astrakhan region, associated both with slow and rapid CYP1А2 substrate drug metabolism, showing the importance of further individual studies on CYP1А2 genotype polymorphism. Age and gender-related features of CYP3A4 izoenzyme phenotype activity, that should be taken into account while choosing the most effective and safe methylxanthines dosing, were revealed. Conclusion. Before the long-term drug therapy of bronchial asthma using theophylline it is rational to investigate CYP1А2 gene polymorphism and CYP3A4 izoenzyme phenotype activity to increase treatment safety.

scholarly journals Estimation of risk factors for COVID-19 mortality - preliminary results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Caramelo ◽  
N Ferreira ◽  
B Oliveiros
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Temporal Spread

AbstractSince late December 2019 a new epidemic outbreak has emerged from Whuhan, China. Rapidly the new coronavirus has spread worldwide. China CDC has reported results of a descriptive exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed until the 11th February 2020, presenting the epidemiologic curves and geo-temporal spread of COVID-19 along with case fatality rate according to some baseline characteristics, such as age, gender and several well-established high prevalence comorbidities. Despite this, we intend to increase even further the predictive value of that manuscript by presenting the odds ratio for mortality due to COVID-19 adjusted for the presence of those comorbidities and baseline characteristics such as age and gender. Besides, we present a way to determine the risk of each particular patient, given his characteristics.We found that age is the variable that presents higher risk of COVID-19 mortality, where 60 or older patients have an OR = 18.8161 (CI95%[7.1997; 41.5517]). Regarding comorbidities, cardiovascular disease appears to be the riskiest (OR= 12.8328 CI95%[10.2736; 15.8643], along with chronic respiratory disease (OR=7.7925 CI95%[5.5446; 10.4319]). Males are more likely to die from COVID-19 (OR=1.8518 (CI95%[1.5996; 2.1270]). Some limitations such as the lack of information about the correct prevalence of gender per age or about comorbidities per age and gender or the assumption of independence between risk factors are expected to have a small impact on results. A final point of paramount importance is that the equation presented here can be used to determine the probability of dying from COVID-19 for a particular patient, given its age interval, gender and comorbidities associated.

scholarly journals Tobacco Use in China

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace X. Ma ◽  
Yajia Lan ◽  
Michael I Toubbeh ◽  
Chenkai Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
And Gender

Objective: To provide an overview of the previous study findings on tobacco use patterns and deleterious consequences on the health and economy in China, the largest producer and consumer of tobacco products in the world. Data Sources: Medline literature searches, books, and reports from 1982 to 2002. Data Synthesis: Seven categories were examined (prevalence patterns of smoking, its correlations with age and gender, smoking initiation, risk factors, health and economic consequences, knowledge of and attitudes towards tobacco among smokers and non-smokers, and suggestions on tobacco control efforts). Conclusions: The results consistently indicated high prevalence rates in China, which varied significantly with gender, age, and region. The health and ensuing economic consequences of tobacco use are enormous. The authors urge the Chinese governmental authorities that investment in tobacco control is a wise and profitable venture to counteract the effects of tobacco before a highly probable health catastrophe occurs.

Comparison of inpatients who were readmitted within 28 days of discharge with those not readmitted: an audit at an Australian private psychiatric hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 103985622098404
Author(s):  
Judith Hope ◽  
Nicholas A Keks ◽  
William Pring ◽  
Voula Adamopoulos ◽  
David Toffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Disability Support ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Previous Admission

Objective: To compare inpatients who had been readmitted within 28 days of discharge with patients not readmitted within the same period in a private psychiatric hospital. Method: Of 118 readmissions within 28 days in 2017 (7% of admissions), 50 were randomly selected and matched by age and gender with control patients who had not been readmitted within 28 days. Differences in demographics, diagnosis, length of stay and number of admissions in the previous 12 months were examined. Results: Readmitted cases were 64% female, were aged 49.8 ± 18.2 years (range 19–89), 40% were in relationships and 24% were receiving disability support. Most patients were suffering an episode of depression. Cases had higher rates of multiple psychiatric diagnoses ( p < .001) and physical disorders ( p < .05). There were no significant differences between cases and controls on psychiatric diagnoses. Cases had a longer length of stay in their previous admission ( p < .01) and a higher number of admissions in the preceding 12 months ( p < .05) compared to controls. Conclusion: This study indicates that inpatients readmitted within 28 days of discharge were more likely to have multiple diagnoses, physical co-morbidity and relapsing conditions than patients who were not readmitted.

Association between Achilles and Plantar Calcaneal Spur in Pakistani Population Presenting with Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1259-1261
Author(s):  
Z. Arshad ◽  
A. Ammar ◽  
M. Arshad ◽  
T. M. Mirza ◽  
T. Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Calcaneal Spur ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
And Gender

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and associationbetween Achilles and plantar calcaneal spurs in Pakistani population. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the radiology department Combined Military Hospital Lahore from October 2020 to December 2020. Methodology: Three hundred and thirty five patients were enrolled. The age and sex of the patients were recorded. Lateral foot and/ or ankle radiographs were evaluated for presence of calcaneal spurs. Results:Mean age 38 years.There were 268 (80%) males and 67 (20%) females. 30.7% patients had a calcaneal spur in our population irrespective of age and gender. 13% patients had both posterior and inferior calcaneal spurs. There was higher prevalence of inferior calcaneal spur irrespective of age and gender.Posterior calcaneal spur was seen in 20% of males and in 15% of females. A total of 44 (68%) patients with posterior plantar spur were found to have a concomitant inferior calcaneal spur.Inferior calcaneal spur was seen in 25% of males and in 28% of females and positive correlation between posterior and inferior calcaneal spurs. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of calcaneal spurs, which increases with advances of age. Inferior calcaneal spurs tend to be more prevalent in females. Furthermore, there is a significant association between the presence of posterior calcaneal spurs and the concomitant inferior calcaneal spurs. Key words: Achilles, Plantar, Calcaneal, Spur

Abstract P002: Gender Differences in Atrial Fibrillation Hospitalizations

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Naderi ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
JoAnne Foody
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Skilled Nursing Facility ◽  
Nursing Facility ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Background: While there are recognized gender differences in cardiovascular disease, little is known regarding the role of gender in atrial fibrillation (AF). We therefore sought to determine differences in characteristics of AF hospitalization between men and women. Methods: Data from the 2009-2010 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project were used to model AF hospitalizations as a function of patient age and gender. Results: Of 192,846 AF hospitalizations, 50% of patients were female. Mean age was 74 years versus 66 years for men. Figure I shows AF hospitalizations stratified by age and gender. Women were less likely than men to have diabetes (24 vs 25%, p<0.001), chronic kidney disease (11.2 vs 12.2%, p<0.001), and obesity (12.2 vs 12.9%, p<0.001). They were more likely to have a history of stroke (2.0 vs 1.7%, p<0.001), hypertension (68.7 vs 62.5%, p<0.001), and depression (9.6 vs 5.4%, p<0.001). Females were more likely to be admitted from the emergency room (72.9 vs 66.6%, p<0.001), were hospitalized longer (mean days 3.6 vs 3.3, p<0.001), and were more likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility (10.1 vs 4.5%, p<0.001). Women were less likely to have an electrical cardioversion (12.4 vs 18.4%, p<0.001) or AF ablation performed (5 vs 10%, p<0.001) and had a higher mortality than men (0.95 vs 0.75%, p<0.001). Conclusion: Women are hospitalized with AF later in life than men, with the greatest burden in female octogenarians. There is a high prevalence of depression among this cohort. While they have fewer comorbidities, women appear to be more symptomatic from AF and more debilitated upon discharge. Despite this, women are less likely than men to have procedures commonly used to treat AF and are more likely to die during hospitalization.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and its effect on emergency presentations to a tertiary hospital with self-harm in Ireland

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. McIntyre ◽  
K. Tong ◽  
E. McMahon ◽  
A. M. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Acute Hospital ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on presentations to an acute hospital with self-harm. Methods: All presentations to University Hospital Galway with self-harm were assessed during the peak period of the coronavirus crisis in Ireland, over the 3 months from 1 March to 31 May 2020. These data were compared with presentations in the same months in the 3 years preceding (2017–2019). Data were obtained from the anonymised service database. Results: This study found that in 2020, the rate of presentation with self-harm dropped by 35% from March to April and rose by 104% from April to May, peaking from mid-May. When trends over a 4-year period were examined, there was a significantly higher lethality of attempt (p < 0.001), and significant differences in diagnosis (p = 0.031) in 2020 in comparison with the three previous years. The increased lethality of presentations remained significant after age and gender were controlled for (p = 0.036). There were also significant differences in the underlying psychiatric diagnoses (p = 0.018), notably with a significant increase in substance misuse disorders presenting during the 2020 study period. Conclusions: COVID-19 showed a reduction in self-harm presentations initially, followed by a sharp increase in May 2020. If a period of economic instability follows as predicted, it is likely that this will further impact the mental health of the population, along with rates of self-harm and suicidal behaviours. There is a need for research into the longer-term effect of COVID-19 and lockdown restrictions, especially with respect to self-harm.

scholarly journals Association between Dental Erosion and Diet in Brazilian Adolescents Aged from 15 to 19: A Population-Based Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yêska Paola Costa Aguiar ◽  
Fábio Gomes dos Santos ◽  
Eline Freitas de Farias Moura ◽  
Fernanda Clotilde Mariz da Costa ◽  
Sheyla Marcia Auad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
And Gender

Dental erosion is a pathological condition resulting from the irreversible dissolution of the mineralized portion of the teeth, being recognized in modern society as an important cause of loss of tooth structure. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and its association with diet in Brazilian adolescents of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. A population-based study was conducted on a stratified sample of 675 adolescents aged from 15 to 19 of both sexes using the index proposed by O'Sullivan. Dental examinations were performed by two calibrated dentists (kappa = 0.82). The significance level adopted was 5%. The prevalence of dental erosion was 21%, and the upper central incisors and lateral incisors were the most affected elements, with 50.5% and 40.2%, respectively. The buccal surface showed greater impairment (51.4%) and 67.8% of teeth with dental erosion had more than half of the surface of affected area. Most damage was on the enamel (93.5%). There were no statistically significant differences between the occurrence of dental erosion and gender, age, socioeconomic status, self-reported ethnicity, and diet. There was high prevalence of dental erosion in its early stages among adolescents and there were no significant differences in the frequency of the consumption of foods and beverages and the presence of dental erosion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document