Preterm birth and intra-uterine growth retardation among children of women with schizophrenia

1999 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Bennedsen ◽  
P. B. Mortensen ◽  
A. V. Olesen ◽  
T. B. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

BackgroundThere is conflicting evidence about the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with schizophrenia.AimsTo investigate the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and intra-uterine growth retardation among women with schizophrenia.MethodA total of 2212 births to 1537 women with schizophrenia in Denmark were compared with a random sample of all deliveries in Denmark in 1973–1993 (122 931 births to 72 742 women)ResultsThe children of women with schizophrenia were at increased risk of preterm delivery (relative risk=1.46, 95% CI=1.19–1.79), low birth weight (relative risk=1.57, 95% 0=1.36–1.82) and small for gestational age (relative risk=1.34, 95% CI=1.17–1.53)ConclusionsWomen with schizophrenia are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. This may be associated with an increased mortality and general morbidity and risk of schizophrenia in their children.

PLASMA VOLUME STUDIES IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020-1027
Author(s):  
George Cassady
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

An average plasma volume of 46.8 ± 7.1 ml/kg and blood volume of 87.9 ± 13.6 ml/kg was found in 69 true premature infants studied during the first 12 hours of life. Respiratory distress syndrome in these infants was not associated with an altered plasma or blood volume. However, the degree of maturity, estimated by either birth weight or gestational age, was found to be inversely related to the plasma volume. Intra-uterine growth retardation, defined on the basis of disproportionately low birth weight in relation to gestational age, was associated with an elevated average plasma volume (52.0 ± 7.8 ml/kg) during the 4 hours after birth. Despite rapid adjustment of this volume to normal between 4 and 12 hours of age, the average blood volume in this group of infants was significantly elevated (102.0 ± 18.7 ml/kg). These studies reveal direct, objective and measurable differences between growth-retarded and true premature low birth weight infants and represent an attempt toward more accurate definition and understanding of intra-uterine growth retardation.

scholarly journals Birth Weight Corrected for Gestational Age is Related to the Incidence of Down's Syndrome Pregnancies

Twin Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris M. van Montfrans ◽  
Petra S.M. Bakker ◽  
Lyset T.M. Rekers-Mombarg ◽  
Mirjam M. van Weissenbruch ◽  
Cornelis B. Lambalk
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

AbstractThree recent studies reported that early depletion of the primordial follicle pool is likely to be an independent risk factor for Down's syndrome pregnancies. The size of the primordial follicle pool at birth is determined by oogenesis and by the rate of follicle atresia during the intra uterine period. Since intra uterine growth retardation was reported to be associated with a significantly reduced primordial follicle pool at birth, we investigated the possibility of a relation between low birth weight for gestational age and the risk of a Down's syndrome pregnancy. In a case control study, 95 women with a history of a Down's syndrome pregnancy and 85 controls provided information on their own birth weight and length of gestation. Birth weight standard deviation scores, indicating the difference in birth weight from a reference group, were significantly lower in Down's syndrome mothers than in controls. These findings illustrate that the risk of a Down's syndrome pregnancy is related to a low birth weight corrected for gestational age, possibly by a causal relation between intra uterine growth retardation and the size of the primordial follicle pool

A Case Study on Ayurvedic management of Garbhini Chardi w.s.r. to Hyperemesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Shruti Gangadhar Math ◽  
Dr.Papiya Jana
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Hormonal Milieu ◽  
Inter Pregnancy Interval

Hyper emesis gravidarum is a rare obstetrical problem with incidence of 2 to 3% of pregnant women experience deliveries. Various demographic factors have been hypothesized as contributing facors for hyper emesis gravidarum. These include occupational status, maternal age, parity and inter pregnancy interval. Hyperemesisi gravidarum is because of result of an adaptation to the hormonal milieu. Although studies have identified many adverse pregnancy outcome such as low birth weight, intra uterine growth retardation etc. In this study Bilwadi Lehyam with Pathya Ahara has been evaluated for its efficacy in the management of Garbhini Chardi.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Outcomes among Women with Graves’ Hyperthyroidism: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4495
Author(s):  
Panwad Harn-a-morn ◽  
Prapai Dejkhamron ◽  
Theera Tongsong ◽  
Suchaya Luewan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Objective: The primary objectives of this study are to compare the rates of preterm birth; fetal growth restriction and low birth weight between the following groups: (1) pregnant women treated for thyrotoxicosis and low-risk pregnancies; (2) between pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis with no need of medication and low-risk pregnancies; and (3) between those treated with MMI and PTU. Methods: The medical records of singleton pregnancies with thyrotoxicosis were comprehensively reviewed. Low-risk pregnancies matched for age and parity were randomly recruited as controls. The obstetric outcomes were compared between both groups; the outcomes of various subgroups of the thyrotoxicosis group were also compared. Results: A total of 408 pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis were recruited. Compared with the controls; the women of the thyrotoxicosis group had significantly higher rates of low birth weight (LBW) (23.7% vs. 17.7%; p: 0.036), preterm birth (19.3% vs. 12.3%; p: 0.007), preeclampsia (8.5% vs. 4.4%; p: 0.019) and cesarean section (21.5% vs. 16.0%; p: 0.046). In the thyrotoxicosis group; 67; 127; and 158 patients were treated with MMI; PTU and no anti-thyroid drug (ATD), respectively. All obstetric outcomes were comparable between the women treated with PTU and those with MMI; and between the controlled and uncontrolled groups. However, women who needed ATD had significantly higher rates of LBW and preterm birth than those without medications. Conclusions: Thyrotoxicosis, whether treated or not needing ATDs, was significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Also, active disease, indicated by the need for ATD significantly increased the risk of such adverse outcomes; whereas the patients treated with MMI or PTU had comparable adverse outcomes.

scholarly journals Adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Lisa M Vallely ◽  
Dianne Egli-Gany ◽  
Handan Wand ◽  
William S Pomat ◽  
Caroline S E Homer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Objective To examine associations between Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, premature rupture of membranes, perinatal mortality, low birth weight and ophthalmia neonatorum. Data sources We searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature for studies published between 1948 and 14 January 2020. Methods Studies were included if they reported testing for NG during pregnancy and compared pregnancy, perinatal and/or neonatal outcomes between women with and without NG. Two reviewers independently assessed papers for inclusion and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using established checklists for each study design. Summary ORs with 95% CIs were generated using random effects models for both crude and, where available, adjusted associations. Results We identified 2593 records and included 30 in meta-analyses. Women with NG were more likely to experience preterm birth (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.99, n=18 studies); premature rupture of membranes (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.92, n=9); perinatal mortality (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.46, n=9); low birth weight (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.48, n=8) and ophthalmia neonatorum (OR 4.21, 95% CI 1.36 to 13.04, n=6). Summary adjusted ORs were, for preterm birth 1.90 (95% CI 1.14 to 3.19, n=5) and for low birth weight 1.48 (95% CI 0.79 to 2.77, n=4). In studies with a multivariable analysis, age was the variable most commonly adjusted for. NG was more strongly associated with preterm birth in low-income and middle-income countries (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.48, n=7) than in high-income countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.83, n=11). Conclusions NG is associated with a number of adverse pregnancy and newborn outcomes. Further research should be done to determine the role of NG in different perinatal mortality outcomes because interventions that reduce mortality will have the greatest impact on reducing the burden of disease in low-income and middle-income countries. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016050962.

scholarly journals Effects of prenatal glucocorticoid exposure on cardiac calreticulin and calsequestrin protein expression during early development and in adulthood

2003 ◽  
Vol 371 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. LANGDOWN ◽  
Mark J. HOLNESS ◽  
Mary C. SUGDEN
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Glucocorticoid Action

Overexpression of the conserved Ca2+-binding proteins calreticulin and calsequestrin impairs cardiac function, leading to premature death. Calreticulin is vital for embryonic development, but also impairs glucocorticoid action. Glucocorticoid overexposure during late fetal life causes intra-uterine growth retardation and programmed hypertension in adulthood. To determine whether intra-uterine growth retardation or programmed hypertension was associated with altered calreticulin or calsequestrin expression, effects of prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure (maternal dexamethasone treatment on days 15—21 of pregnancy) were examined during fetal life and postnatal development until adulthood (24 weeks). Dexamethasone (100 or 200μg/kg of maternal body weight) was administered via osmotic pump. Calreticulin was detected as a 55kDa band and calsequestrin as 55 and 63kDa bands in 21 day fetal hearts. Only the 55kDa calsequestrin band was detected postnatally. Prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure at the higher dose decreased calreticulin protein expression (26%; P<0.05) but increased calsequestrin protein expression, both 55 and 63kDa bands, by 87% (P<0.01) and 78% (P<0.01); only the 55kDa calsequestrin band was increased at the lower dose (66%; P<0.05). Offspring of dams treated at the lower dexamethasone dose were studied further. In control offspring, cardiac calreticulin protein expression declined between 2 and 3 weeks of age, and remained suppressed until adulthood. Cardiac calsequestrin protein expression increased 2-fold between fetal day 21 and postnatal day 1 and continued to increase until adulthood, at which time it was 3.4-fold higher (P<0.001). Prenatal dexamethasone exposure minimally affected postnatal calsequestrin protein expression, but the postnatal decline in calreticulin protein expression was abrogated and calreticulin protein expression in adulthood was 2.2-fold increased (P<0.001) compared with adult controls. In view of the known associations between cardiac calreticulin overexpression and impaired cardiac function, targeted up-regulation of calreticulin may contribute to the increased risk of adult heart disease introduced as a result of prenatal overexposure to glucocorticoids.

scholarly journals Use of Antibiotic Treatment in Pregnancy and the Risk of Several Neonatal Outcomes: A Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12621
Author(s):  
Anna Cantarutti ◽  
Federico Rea ◽  
Matteo Franchi ◽  
Benedetta Beccalli ◽  
Anna Locatelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Limited evidence is available on the safety and efficacy of antimicrobials during pregnancy, with even less according to the trimester of their use. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to antibiotics therapy (AT) during pregnancy and short-term neonatal outcomes. Methods: We considered 773,237 deliveries that occurred between 2007–2017 in the Lombardy region of Italy. We evaluated the risk of neonatal outcomes among infants that were born to mothers who underwent AT during pregnancy. The odds ratios and the hazard ratios, with the 95% confidence intervals, were estimated respectively for early (first/second trimester) and late (third trimester) exposure. The propensity score was used to account for potential confounders. We also performed subgroup analysis for the class of AT. Results: We identified 132,024 and 76,921 singletons that were exposed to AT during early and late pregnancy, respectively. Infants born to mothers with early exposure had 17, 11, and 16% increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and low Apgar score, respectively. Infants that were exposed in late pregnancy had 25, 11, and 13% increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and low Apgar score, respectively. The results were consistent in the subgroup analysis. Conclusion: Our results suggested an increased risk of several neonatal outcomes in women exposed to ATs during pregnancy, albeit we were not able to assess to what extent the observed effects were due to the infection itself. To reduce the risk of neonatal outcomes, women that are prescribed AT during pregnancy should be closely monitored.

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