Sexual Abuse in People with Alcohol Problems

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Moncrieff ◽  
D. Colin Drummond ◽  
Bridget Candy ◽  
Ken Checinski ◽  
Roger Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

BackgroundThere is evidence that people with a history of sexual abuse may have an increased risk of developing alcohol and drug problems.MethodA self-completion sexual abuse questionnaire was designed and administered to a sample of attenders at three London alcohol services. Drinking behaviour was assessed using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire and the Alcohol Problems Questionnaire, and additional data were derived from case notes.ResultsFifty-four per cent of women and 24% of men identified themselves as victims of sexual abuse or assault. For the majority this had started before the age of 16 and involved non-relatives. Subjects with a history of sexual abuse were younger, reached drinking milestones earlier, were more likely to have a family history of alcohol misuse and had more alcohol-related problems than non-abused subjects. Sexual abuse, age and alcohol dependence predicted level of problems in a regression analysis.ConclusionsThe high rates of sexual abuse and its association with indications of increased morbidity suggest it is an important issue for the management of alcohol problems. More use could be made of self-completion questionnaires for the investigation of sexual abuse.

Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence Predict Suicide Ideation Among Alaskan Undergraduates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Monica C. Skewes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alcohol-related consequences and alcohol consumption. Future research should examine the causal mechanism behind the relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidality among university students. Assessing the presence of dependence symptoms may improve the accuracy of identifying students at risk of SI.

Alcohol Problems in the Workplace

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Peter Brock
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Employee Assistance Programs ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Employee Assistance ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Fine Line ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Health Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

The history of the employee assistance movement has its roots in the worker's health movement of the early 1900s and the employee alcohol assistance programs of the 1940s. The author discusses the important role alcohol assistance programs played in the evolution of current employee assistance programs and makes a very important distinction between programs that deal with alcohol-related problems and those that are currently being used for drug-related problems. The issue is raised of the fine line between using urinalyses as a method of rehabilitation and using it as a form of policing.

Outcome of alcoholism in old age

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Alcohol Dependent ◽  
Current Alcohol

AbstractObjective:This retrospective study describes the follow-up of a birth cohort of alcohol dependent patients as they enter old age. The aim is to define the global outcome of survivors by combining a measure of current drinking behaviour with ratings for depression and dementia.Methods:A series of 100 referrals to a regional unit for alcohol misuse in Bristol, England, were followed up at a mean of 13 years after first referral for treatment. Survivors were traced when they were aged between 67 and 77 years. At follow-up interview, subjects were screened for current alcohol problems, depression and dementia.Results:The mortality rate in the cohort was raised significantly. Almost one third of survivors had depressive symptoms at follow-up and rates of global dementia were higher than expected in an aged-matched sample of the general population. However, the majority of survivors were classified as having an intermediate global outcome with less than 10% having a poor outcome.Conclusions:The high rates of mortality and psychiatric morbidity observed in this cohort illustrate the importance of detecting alcohol problems in the elderly. Further prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings in a community sample of older people.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Services to Reduce Child Sexual Abuse Recurrence

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Palusci ◽  
Marissa Ilardi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Hispanic Families ◽  
Substance Abuse Services ◽  
Increased Risk

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with a range of negative consequences for victims that are compounded when it recurs. We used the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System to study a cohort of 42,036 children in 45 U.S. states with sexual abuse reports first confirmed by child protective services (CPS) during 2010 in order to identify children with increased risk for recurrence. A small proportion (3.6%) had a second confirmed sexual abuse report through 2015. In multivariate models, female gender, family hearing and vision problems, other child maltreatment, and other family violence were associated with increased risk of recurrence, while younger children, Hispanic families, and those with substance abuse tended to have less risk. One fourth of recurrence involved the same offender, usually a parent or caretaker. One fourth of cases were referred for any CPS services, which were more likely to be provided for families with poverty, drug or alcohol problems, or other violence. Only substance abuse services significantly reduced recurrence in multivariable models. Those trying to reduce CSA recurrence should recognize that certain case characteristics are associated with greater recurrence, and most CPS services do not significantly reduce CSA recurrence.

scholarly journals Gender differences in reoffending after discharge from medium-secure units

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Maden ◽  
Petros Skapinakis ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Fiona Scott ◽  
Rachel Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Psychiatric Units ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Mental Health Unit

BackgroundPrevious research has shown that there are gender differences in reoffending after discharge from medium-secure units, but these have not been adequately explained.AimsTo investigate gender differences in reoffending after discharge from medium-secure psychiatric units.MethodAll people discharged from medium-secure units in England and Wales between April 1997 and March 1998 were followed up for 1 year (n=959; 12% women). Reoffending was estimated by collecting reconviction data from the Home Office's Offenders' Index or from files at the mental health unit up to 2 years after discharge.ResultsWomen were less likely than men to be reconvicted within 2 years of discharge (9% v. 16%, OR=0.49, 95% CI 0.25 – 0.98). Adjustments for history of self-harm, drug or alcohol problems and previous offending substantially reduced the gender difference. In the full model the OR was 0.97 (95% CI 0.45–2.12).ConclusionsSome or all of the gender differences in reoffending between men and women are explained by self-harm, alcohol and drug problems and previous criminal history.

Family history of alcohol dependence modulates functional neurophysiology in mood/anxiety disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1487-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sjoerds ◽  
M.-J. van Tol ◽  
W. van den Brink ◽  
N. J. A. van der Wee ◽  
A. Aleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

BackgroundA family history (FH) of alcohol dependence (AD) not only increases the risk for AD, but is also associated with an increased risk for mood and anxiety disorders. However, it is unknown how a FH of AD affects neural substrates in patients with mood and anxiety disorders. In this study we examined the effects of an alcoholic FH on cognitive and emotional functions in these patients using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodIn a sample of non-alcoholic patients with depressive and/or anxiety disorders from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) neuroimaging study, patients with a first-degree FH of AD (FH + ; n = 31) were compared with patients without a FH (FH–; n = 77) on performance and brain activation during visuospatial planning and emotional word encoding. Results were compared with those of healthy controls (HCs) without a FH of AD (n = 31).ResultsFH+ patients performed slower during planning with increasing task load, coupled with stronger blood oxygen level-dependent responses in dorsal prefrontal areas compared with FH− patients and HCs. FH was not associated with performance differences during word encoding, but right insula activation during positive word encoding was present in FH+ patients, comparable with HCs, but absent in FH− patients.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates subtle impairments during planning in FH+ compared with FH− patients and HCs, whereas activation during mood-incongruent stimuli in FH+ patients was similar to HCs but not FH− patients, suggesting that the presence of a FH of AD is a useful marker for the neurophysiological profile in mood/anxiety disorders and possible predictor for treatment success.

scholarly journals Alcohol Problems among Prisoners: Subgroup Variations, Concurrent Drug Problems, and Treatment Needs

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hilde Pape ◽  
Ingeborg Rossow ◽  
Anne Bukten
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Positive Screen ◽  
Drinking Problems ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Alcohol problems in the prison population are understudied, underdetected, and undertreated. Our aims were to identify subgroups of inmates whose pre-prison drinking behavior indicated a high need for alcohol-related interventions, to assess the prevalence of concurrent alcohol and drug problems, and to compare dual-dependent inmates and those who were alcohol-dependent alone with respect to the severity of their drinking problems. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data stemmed from the nationwide Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) study. Both male (<i>n</i> = 1,356) and female (<i>n</i> = 90) inmates took part in the study, representing about 40% of the prison population in Norway at the time of the data collection (2013–2014). Pre-prison substance use problems were assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT). <b><i>Results:</i></b> A majority (55%) had an AUDIT positive screen (score ≥8), which is indicative of alcohol problems of some severity, and 18% were possible alcohol-dependent (score ≥20). A positive screen was associated with younger age, lower education, violent offending, driving while intoxicated (DWI), and previous criminal convictions. Two-thirds (68%) of those who screened positive on the AUDIT had also a DUDIT positive screen (score ≥6), and a similar overlap between possible alcohol dependence and possible drug dependence (score ≥25) was observed. Inmates with possible dual dependence (12% of all) had higher mean scores on the AUDIT than those with possible alcohol dependence only (7% of all). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> More than half of the prisoners in Norway had AUDIT scores that indicated they could benefit from alcohol-related interventions, and the prevalence was elevated in younger, less educated groups of previously convicted DWI, and violent offenders. Alcohol problems were most often combined with drug problems, and possible dual dependence was associated with particularly severe drinking problems.

Behavioral Risk, Emotional Risk, and Child Abuse Among Adolescents in a Nonclinical Setting

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-901
Author(s):  
Roberta A. Hibbard ◽  
Gary M. Ingersoll ◽  
Donald P. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Laxative Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Impact

In this replication study of adolescents in a nonclinical setting, the prevalence of reported problem behaviors, emotions, and abuse is evaluated, and the impact of abuse on multivariate emotional and behavioral risk is assessed. A total of 3998 students (69%) in a rural midwestern community in grades 7 to 12 participated in the study. Almost 20% of the students reported some form of physical and/or sexual abuse, with more girls than boys reporting sexual abuse (χ2 = 48.5, P &lt; .001). Some problem behaviors (alcohol use) and emotions (trouble sleeping, difficulty with anger) were common among all adolescents and some were strongly associated with a history of abuse (especially, considering or attempting suicide, running away, laxative use, and vomiting to lose weight). Higher emotional and behavioral risk scores among abused students were confirmed. The effects of physical and sexual abuse on risk scores were independent and additive; no interaction was observed. An interaction of gender and sexual abuse on problem behavior was observed, with problem behavior being significantly greater among sexually abused bosultss. The reults confirm increased risk of problem behaviors and negative feelings among abused adolescents when compared with nonabused peers, and better define influences of gender and abuse type on emotional and behavioral risks.

Shared associations between histories of victimisation among people with eating disorder symptoms and higher weight

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Mitchison ◽  
Kay Bussey ◽  
Stephen Touyz ◽  
David Gonzalez-Chica ◽  
Michael Musker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shared Risk

Background: The success of integrated prevention initiatives for eating disorders and obesity is hampered by a lack of shared risk factor research. Bullying and sexual abuse are potentially potent shared risk factors for the spectrum of eating and weight disorders. Methods: A representative sample of N = 3005 South Australian males and females ≥15 years was interviewed about their height, weight, eating disorder symptoms, lifetime experiences of bullying and sexual abuse and mental and physical health-related quality of life. Results: Participants who were currently obese (25.2%) or underweight (2.7%) or who reported current eating disorder symptoms (32.7%) were between 10% and 27% more likely to have experienced bullying, and obese and eating disordered participants were also 47% and 56% more likely to have experienced sexual abuse, respectively. In regard to specific symptoms, a lifetime history of bullying was associated with increased risk of obesity, extreme dieting, purging and overvaluation of body weight and/or shape, whereas a lifetime history of sexual abuse was associated with increased risk of obesity, binge eating and extreme dieting and decreased risk of underweight. Lifetime histories of bullying and sexual abuse were associated with health-related quality of life impairment; however, lifetime bullying was associated with a greater adverse impact among participants with current eating disorder symptoms. Conclusion: Self-reported bullying and sexual abuse victimisation have shared associations with eating and weight spectrum problems. Differences in the symptoms associated with bullying versus sexual abuse are discussed, as well as the clinical and public health implications.

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