The Problem of Detecting Changes in the Incidence of Schizophrenia

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Kendell ◽  
D. E. Malcolm ◽  
W. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First Admission

Despite reports of falling first-admission rates for schizophrenia in the UK and other Western countries, it would be rash to conclude that the incidence of schizophrenia is falling. An attempt was made to tackle the many methodological problems and sources of bias influencing the relationship between admission rates and incidence in an analysis of inception rates for schizophrenia and other psychoses in Edinburgh between 1971 and 1989. However it was calculated, the inception rate for schizophrenia fell significantly, but because there was evidence that diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia had narrowed between 1971 and 1989, and because a substantial and changing proportion of recorded first admissions were not true first admissions, it was impossible to conclude that the incidence of schizophrenia had fallen. Changes in the incidence of psychiatric syndromes are difficult to establish, particularly in retrospect, and future studies must pay more attention to the many possible confounding influences.

Archaeologists and the Dead

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
International Context ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experience Effect

This volume addresses the relationship between archaeologists and the dead, through the many dimensions of their relationships: in the field (through practical and legal issues), in the lab (through their analysis and interpretation), and in their written, visual and exhibitionary practice--disseminated to a variety of academic and public audiences. Written from a variety of perspectives, its authors address the experience, effect, ethical considerations, and cultural politics of working with mortuary archaeology. Whilst some papers reflect institutional or organizational approaches, others are more personal in their view: creating exciting and frank insights into contemporary issues that have hitherto often remained "unspoken" among the discipline. Reframing funerary archaeologists as "death-workers" of a kind, the contributors reflect on their own experience to provide both guidance and inspiration to future practitioners, arguing strongly that we have a central role to play in engaging the public with themes of mortality and commemoration, through the lens of the past. Spurred by the recent debates in the UK, papers from Scandinavia, Austria, Italy, the US, and the mid-Atlantic, frame these issues within a much wider international context that highlights the importance of cultural and historical context in which this work takes place.

Changes in the Administrative Incidence of Schizophrenia

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glynn Harrison ◽  
J. E. Cooper ◽  
Richard Gancarczyk
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Administrative Incidence ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
First Admission

First-admission rates to psychiatric hospitals, and data from certain psychiatric case registers suggest that there may have been a substantial decline in the administrative incidence of schizophrenia in recent years. However, data from the Nottingham case register show that rates for first-onset schizophrenia remained stable between 1975 and 1987. It is suggested that variations in trends between different parts of the UK may be partly explained by differences in the proportion of migrants and their children in the population at risk.

Understanding Law in Many Worlds: Socio- and Empirical Legal Research in the UK and Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Lange
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Real World ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Many Worlds ◽  
The Real ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article discusses the Nuffield inquiry report ‘ Law in the Real World: Improving our Understanding of How Law Works’. It suggests that the report matters not just because of the many policy recommendations it puts forward for the development of empirical legal research. It makes also important reading because it constructs a particular account of socio-legal and in particular empirical legal research in the UK. The article highlights three issues which are central to the picture presented in the report. It suggests that further debate concerning theses issues - especially in a comparative context - can also help to move the socio-legal enterprise forward. These three issues are the relationship between theoretical and empirical research, a tension between openness and closure among the different disciplines involved in socio-legal research, and finally the relationship between institutions and individuals in advancing socio-legal studies.

The Incorporation of Continental Shelf Rights into United Kingdom Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-51
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Marston
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

On 9 September 1958 the UK government signed the Convention on the Continental Shelf, which had been concluded in Geneva on 29 April 1958 following a UN conference on the law of the sea at which three other conventions were concluded.2 On 11 May 1964 it ratified the Convention, which came into force on 10 June 1964.3 Meanwhile, on 15 April 1964, the Continental Shelf Act received the royal assent. Although the Act's long title indicates that it gives effect to certain provisions of the Convention on the High Seas,4 it does not expressly mention the Continental Shelf Convention. Yet the relationship between this Convention and the Act is more than a mere coincidence of time and title. It is the purpose of this article to investigate only one of the many important problems to which this relationship gave rise, namely how the basic concept of continental shelf rights as embodied in Article 2(1) of the Convention was incorporated into UK law. Other problems, such as the application to the shelf of UK civil and criminal law, will have to await discussion elsewhere.

scholarly journals Metodologia badań nad strategiami uczenia się

Neofilolog ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development

The last thirty years have witnessed considerable advances in empirical investigations into language learning strategies, with researchers identifying and classifying strategic devices, providing insights into factors influencing their use, investigating the relationship between the application of strategies and proficiency, and appraising the contributions of strategies- based instruction. Such developments have been accompanied by attempts to refine the existing research tools and design more effective ways of accessing learner’s mental processes. These efforts have not been entirely successful, which is unfortunate since methodological problems limit the validity and reliability of research findings and preclude comparisons between studies, thus stymieing further development of the field. The article evaluates the most frequently used tools and procedures in research on language learning strategies and offers guidelines on how future studies of this kind should most beneficially be conducted.

Thromboplastin Related Differences in the Determination of International Normalised Ratio: A Cause for Concern?

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kitchen ◽  
I D Walker ◽  
T A L Woods ◽  
F E Preston
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Warfarin Dosage ◽  
External Quality ◽  
External Quality Assessment Scheme ◽  
International Normalised Ratio ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWhen the International Normalised Ratio (INR) is used for control of oral anticoagulant therapy the same result should be obtained irrespective of the laboratory reagent used. However, in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS) for Blood Coagulation INRs determined using different reagents have been significantly different.For 18 NEQAS samples Manchester Reagent (MR) was associated with significantly lower INRs than those obtained using Diagen Activated (DA, p = 0.0004) or Instrumentation Laboratory PT-Fib HS (IL, p = 0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 3.15, 3.61, and 3.65 for MR, DA, and IL respectively. For 61 fresh samples from warfarin-ised patients with INRs of greater than 3.0 the relationship between thromboplastins in respect of INR was similar to that observed for NEQAS data. Thus INRs obtained with MR were significantly lower than with DA or IL (p <0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 4.01, 4.40, and 4.59 for MR, DA, and IL respectively.We conclude that the differences between INRs measured with the thromboplastins studied here are sufficiently great to influence patient management through warfarin dosage schedules, particularly in the upper therapeutic range of INR. There is clearly a need to address the issues responsible for the observed discrepancies.

The impact of cultural factors on attachment dynamics: a view from Irish society

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Michael O’Toole
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Seamus Heaney ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
Irish Context ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In this article I examine aspects of the relationship between mothers and sons from an attachment perspective in an Irish context. Through the works of Irish writers such as Seamus Heaney, John McGahern, and Colm Tóibín, I focus on particular aspects of this relationship, which fails to support the developmental processes of separation and individuation in the many men who come to me for psychotherapy. I illustrate key points concerning this attachment dynamic through the use of clinical examples of my work with two men from my practice. While acknowledging that many other cultural factors play a significant role in the emotional development of children, integrating the work of our poets, novelists, and scholars with an attachment perspective

John Cranko's Antigone (1959): A Ballet Lost and Found

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Henrietta Bannerman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jean Racine ◽  
World War ◽  
Martha Graham ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Lost And Found ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tragic Drama ◽  
The Relationship

John Cranko's dramatic and theatrically powerful Antigone (1959) disappeared from the ballet repertory in 1966 and this essay calls for a reappraisal and restaging of the work for 21st century audiences. Created in a post-World War II environment, and in the wake of appearances in London by the Martha Graham Company and Jerome Robbins’ Ballets USA, I point to American influences in Cranko's choreography. However, the discussion of the Greek-themed Antigone involves detailed consideration of the relationship between the ballet and the ancient dramas which inspired it, especially as the programme notes accompanying performances emphasised its Sophoclean source but failed to recognise that Cranko mainly based his ballet on an early play by Jean Racine. As Antigone derives from tragic drama, the essay investigates catharsis, one of the many principles that Aristotle delineated in the Poetics. This well-known effect is produced by Greek tragedies but the critics of the era complained about its lack in Cranko's ballet – views which I challenge. There is also an investigation of the role of Antigone, both in the play and in the ballet, and since Cranko created the role for Svetlana Beriosova, I reflect on memories of Beriosova's interpretation supported by more recent viewings of Edmée Wood's 1959 film.

Researching (with) Major Food Retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Food Retailer ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

This paper considers the relationship between social science and the food industry, and it suggests that collaboration can be intellectually productive and morally rewarding. It explores the middle ground that exists between paid consultancy models of collaboration on the one hand and a principled stance of nonengagement on the other. Drawing on recent experiences of researching with a major food retailer in the UK, I discuss the ways in which collaborating with retailers can open up opportunities for accessing data that might not otherwise be available to social scientists. Additionally, I put forward the argument that researchers with an interest in the sustainability—ecological or otherwise—of food systems, especially those of a critical persuasion, ought to be empirically engaging with food businesses. I suggest that this is important in terms of generating better understandings of the objectionable arrangements that they seek to critique, and in terms of opening up conduits through which to affect positive changes. Cutting across these points is the claim that while resistance to commercial engagement might be misguided, it is nevertheless important to acknowledge the power-geometries of collaboration and to find ways of leveling and/or leveraging them. To conclude, I suggest that universities have an important institutional role to play in defining the terms of engagement as well as maintaining the boundaries between scholarship and consultancy—a line that can otherwise become quite fuzzy when the worlds of commerce and academic research collide.

The influence of Herzberg’s motivator factor on employees’ organizational citizenship behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Noorlaila Yunus ◽  
Cairul Azwa Azimi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Civic Virtue ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Achievement Growth ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship

Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) has been widely studied across the boarders especially in the western countries. This workplace voluntary behaviour is associated with many predictors that may bring whether major, minor or negative influence towards the engagement of employees’ OCB. Basically, this study is focusing on motivation as the predictor or independent variable that influence employees’ engagement on the OCB (altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy, civic virtue and sportsmanship) behaviour. Herzberg’s motivator factor (achievement, advancement, recognition and growth) has been chosen as the independent variable. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed conveniently to respondents. With 125 questionnaires returned, researcher was able to analyze the data based on the research questions and hypotheses developed. The findings showed moderate and weak, significant relationship between the variable excluding the relationship between independent variable and civic virtue and sportsmanship. Thus, Herzberg’s motivator factor was not a predictor to civic virtue and sportsmanship behaviour. However for the strongest predictor; achievement, growth and growth are strongly predicts the altruism, conscientiousness and courtesy behaviour respectively. However, with the absence of relationship between independent variable and civic virtue as well as sportsmanship, therefore the strongest predictor cannot be determined as the value recorded was below the criterion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document