Epidemiology of Schizophrenia in Salford, 1974–84 Changes in an Urban Community over Ten Years

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Bamrah ◽  
H. L. Freeman ◽  
D. P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Community Care ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Community Psychiatric ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Depot Injections

The prevalence and inception rates of treated schizophrenia in the population of inner-city Salford were compared with those from a similar survey, ten years earlier. Data were obtained from a computerised case register and a postal questionnaire sent to GPs, and case notes rated on the SCL and screened using ICD–9. The point-prevalence rate of 6.26 per 1000 adult population was higher than that previously reported (4.56), despite decreases in total inception rate and in the general population. Changes in rates are presumed to be related primarily to population movements and ageing of the schizophrenic sample. Compared with 1974, the numbers of in-patient days and long-stay in-patients had fallen substantially by 1984, although annual admissions increased over the decade; day-patient and out-patient attendances, and extramural contacts with psychiatrists, community psychiatric nurses, and social workers had also increased. Almost 62% of cases were maintained on depot injections as out-patients in 1984. Over 75% of identified schizophrenic patients were in contact with psychiatrists, but only 7 out of 557 were solely in contact with their GP. In spite of the emphasis on community care, responsibility for schizophrenic patients was still carried overwhelmingly by hospital psychiatric services.

scholarly journals Links between fund-holding general practices and mental health professionals

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 603-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. R. Mutale
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Psychiatric Nurse ◽  
Community Psychiatric ◽  
General Practices

A postal questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 300 fund-holding general practices. Respondents were asked to indicate if they had links with a psychiatrist, community psychiatric nurse or psychologist; 210 (70%) general practitioners returned completed questionnaires. Out of 210 practices 161 (77%) had links with at least one specialist mental health professional. Community psychiatric nurses had links with more practices than psychiatrists or psychologists. Problems with time or space made it difficult for practices to form links.

scholarly journals Patient, client or service user? A survey of patient preferences of dress and address of six mental health professions

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mcguire-Snieckus ◽  
Rosemarie Mccabe ◽  
Stefan Priebe
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
Community Psychiatric ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims and MethodA positive therapeutic relationship is essential to psychiatry and should take into account patients' preferences. Preferences of 133 community care patients were surveyed regarding dress and forms of address of six professions. Participants' sex, age, ethnicity and diagnosis were recorded.ResultsNinety-eight per cent of participants expressed a preference. While most preferred to be called ‘patients' by general practitioners (75%) and psychiatrists (67%), there was no statistically significant difference in preference for the term ‘patient’ or ‘client’ when used by community psychiatric nurses, occupational therapists, psychologists or social workers. Participants over the age of 40 preferred the term ‘client’. Asymmetrical relationships were preferred with general practitioners and psychiatrists, evidenced by a preference to be addressed by first name (71% and 68%, respectively), to address the professional by title (81% and 80%, respectively), and the professional to be ‘smartly’ dressed (67% and 66%, respectively).Clinical ImplicationsA more differentiated approach may be suggested by taking professional background and some demographic characteristics into consideration.

Further Observations on the Practice of Community Care in Salford

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wooff ◽  
D. P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Supportive Supervision ◽  
Stable Case ◽  
Professional Managers ◽  
Community Psychiatric ◽  
Attached Community

Differences in the clinical characteristics of clients have not been found to account for the interprofessional differences in community psychiatric nurses' and mental health social workers' practice in Salford. We found the consultant-attached mental health social workers, who worked closely with the specialist psychiatric team and who received supportive supervision from their professional managers, maintained stable case-loads, but the primary-care attached community psychiatric nurses, who were isolated from the specialist psychiatric team, and who received little supportive supervision from their professional managers, carried case-loads of increasing size. Failure to improve the way in which services for the mentally ill in the community are co-ordinated is likely to perpetuate the worst characteristics of life in the old back wards into the era of ‘community care’.

scholarly journals Patient, client or service user? A survey of patient preferences of dress and address of six mental health professions

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McGuire-Snieckus ◽  
Rosemarie McCabe ◽  
Stefan Priebe
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
Community Psychiatric ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims and Method A positive therapeutic relationship is essential to psychiatry and should take into account patients' preferences. Preferences of 133 community care patients were surveyed regarding dress and forms of address of six professions. Participants' sex, age, ethnicity and diagnosis were recorded. Results Ninety-eight per cent of participants expressed a preference. While most preferred to be called ‘patients' by general practitioners (75%) and psychiatrists (67%), there was no statistically significant difference in preference for the term ‘patient’ or ‘client’ when used by community psychiatric nurses, occupational therapists, psychologists or social workers. Participants over the age of 40 preferred the term ‘client’. Asymmetrical relationships were preferred with general practitioners and psychiatrists, evidenced by a preference to be addressed by first name (71% and 68%, respectively), to address the professional by title (81% and 80%, respectively), and the professional to be ‘smartly’ dressed (67% and 66%, respectively). Clinical Implications A more differentiated approach may be suggested by taking professional background and some demographic characteristics into consideration.

scholarly journals Survey of community mental health teams

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Mauthner ◽  
Simon Naji ◽  
Jill Mollison
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Team Size ◽  
Needs Assessments ◽  
Community Psychiatric ◽  
Patient Groups

Aims and methodThe aim of the study was to describe community mental health teams (CMHTs) working In Scotland. Interviews, a focus group, and a postal questionnaire survey of Identified CMHTs were carried out.ResultsOf the 53 teams identified, 42 (79%) completed questionnaires. The average team size was 11 people. Community psychiatric nurses were in all teams, social workers and psychiatrists were in most, but psychologists were in only half. Needs assessments occurred in only 17% of teams. Fifty-one per cent of teams had open referral systems, and 38% of referrals comprised people with long-term mental health problems. Fifteen per cent of referrals were considered by teams to be inappropriate.Clinical implicationsAmbiguities about appropriate structures, patient groups and interprofessional and inter-agency working require further consideration and evaluation if CMHT care is to be optimally effective.

scholarly journals Attitudes to developments in community psychiatry among general practitioners

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 542-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Stansfeld
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
New Town ◽  
North East ◽  
Community Psychiatric ◽  
Outreach Services ◽  
New Community

As general practitioners (GPs) are clinically responsible for the majority of recognised psychiatric morbidity in the community, they have an important role to play in deciding the shape of new community psychiatric services. This paper reports the results of a self-completion postal questionnaire survey of Harlow GPs' views on how community psychiatric services should be developed. Harlow is a mature new town (population 79,521: 1981 census) north east of London, served by a typical DGH department of psychiatry with in-patient wards and a day hospital, outreach services being provided largely by community psychiatric nurses (CPNs). GPs work in group practices in purpose-built health centres.

Patients in receipt of community psychiatric nursing care in Salford 1976–82

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wooff ◽  
D. P. Goldberg ◽  
T. Fryers
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Psychiatric Nursing ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Care Level ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Primary Care Level ◽  
Annual Prevalence ◽  
Community Psychiatric

SynopsisCase register data are used to describe the age and diagnostic distribution of people using the community psychiatric nursing (CPN) service in Salford. Data are related to those in hospital-based psychiatric services. Annual prevalence rates grew dramatically, and increasing numbers of people were found to have received continuous CPN care for 2 years and over. Following the establishment of the CPN service in a primary care setting, the proportion of patients suffering from depression in receipt of CPN care increased, and the resulting overall diagnostic distribution of CPN patients became similar to that of the specialist psychiatric services as a whole. Patients under the sole care of community psychiatric nurses (about 19 % of the total CPN prevalence each calendar year) contributed to an overall increase in treated prevalence. The data indicate that CPN services in Salford are treating the morbidity found at primary care level, rather than reducing the demands made on the traditional services.

Psychiatric Service Use in Salford

1983 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wooff ◽  
H. L. Freeman ◽  
T. Fryers
Keyword(s):  
Service Use ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Community Psychiatric ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Psychiatric Service Use

SummaryUsing data from the Salford Psychiatric Case Register, point-prevalence patterns of service use in Salford County Borough are compared for 1968 and 1978 with respect to type of care, age and diagnosis. In a declining population, overall point-prevalence ratios increased from 9.52 to 13.44/1,000 adults, due almost entirely to two extensive new services — “injection-only” nurse contact with out-patients, and community psychiatric nurse domiciliary contact. Their development has apparently hardly affected use of other services. The increase was similar in most age-groups and in the predominating diagnostic groups (schizophrenia and depression). Prevalence ratios for long-stay patients barely changed in total, and increased for those accumulated in a ten-year period, but there was an upward shift in age. Day care increased, but its contribution remained relatively small. The diagnostic distribution of social work contact changed, as community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) assumed domiciliary care of people with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Changes in referral rates following community psychiatric nurse attachment to a primary care team

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Wells ◽  
John M. Eagles ◽  
David Hunter ◽  
Douglas G. Fowlie
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Nursing ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Psychiatric Nurse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Community Psychiatric ◽  
Nursing Services

Over the past three decades there has been a shift in emphasis from hospital based to community care of psychiatric patients. Central to this change has been the development of the community psychiatric nursing services and an increase in its numbers. Until recently community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) were almost entirely hospital based, working as members of a multidisciplinary team and providing follow-up for psychiatric patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document